Ukuhlala emigwaqweni eSpain Akuyona into eyenzeka yodwa noma into engavamile ethinta abantu abambalwa abahlukunyezwe; kuyiqiniso elibuhlungu, lansuku zonke, eliseduze kakhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abafuna ukukuvuma. Ngemuva komuntu ngamunye olele endaweni ye-ATM, ngaphansi kwebhuloho, noma epaki kunendaba ende, egcwele ukujika nokuphila, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, kanye nohlelo oluvame ukwehluleka ukusabela ngesikhathi. Emigwaqweni yezinyawo, uzothola ingxube yabantu asebekhulile abalahlekelwe yikho konke, intsha ebalekele amakhaya anobudlova, abafuduki ababanjwe yizinqubo ezingenakwenzeka zohulumeni, kanye nezisebenzi eziyingozi ezingakwazi ukukhokhela uphahla phezu kwamakhanda azo.
Ngokusho kokubalwa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezilinganiso, amashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu eSpain Baphila ngaphandle kwezindlu ezizinzile: cishe abangu-30.000-37.000 kulinganiselwa ukuthi abanamakhaya, futhi uma sandisa ukugxila kwethu kulabo abake balala emgwaqweni, ezimotweni, eminyango, noma ezindaweni zokukhosela eziphuthumayo, sikhuluma ngezigidi zabantu, okungenani kanye empilweni yabo, abaye babhekana nokuthi kusho ukuthini ukungazi ukuthi bazolala kuphi. Noma kunjalo, bayaqhubeka nokucindezelwa yizinganekwane ezilula kodwa ezingamanga: ukuthi "bafuna ukuba semgwaqweni," ukuthi "bayavilapha," noma ukuthi "banezinsiza eziningi kakhulu futhi abazisebenzisi."
Izindaba zokuphila: indlela umuntu agcina elele ngayo emgwaqweni
UPepe, uMamen, uJavi, uLatyr nabanye abantu abaningi Zibonisa ukuthi akekho ogonyiwe ekuntuleni ikhaya. Akukho phrofayili eyodwa: kukhona izisebenzi zasehhotela zangaphambilini, izisebenzi zasebhange zangaphambilini, abantu baseSenegal abakhuluma izilimi eziningi, abesifazane abalimele ubudlova, abahluleli bebhola, abokufika, abantu abagulayo… Okuwukuphela kwento ababelana ngayo ukuthi, ngesinye isikhathi, uchungechunge lwezigameko—ezihlobene nomsebenzi, ezomndeni, ezempilo, noma ezomthetho—zaba ziningi kakhulu, futhi amanethiwekhi okwakufanele abasekele ahluleka.
UPepe, oneminyaka engu-66, wagcina elele ngaphandle emnyango wesitolo esikuBravo Murillo Street eMadrid, lapho ayekade ephethe khona ibha yakhe iminyaka engamashumi amabili. Ukuwa kwayo kwaqala ngokuvalwa kwebhizinisi. Ngo-2019, waqhubeka nemisebenzi ebucayi njengomshayeli wephephandaba kanye nowokulethwa kokudla. Ubhubhane lwaqeda leyo misebenzi, kwathi lapho imali yakhe iphela, walahlekelwa yifulethi lakhe elaliqashiwe. Ngokuziqhenya, wayengafuni ukutshela umndeni wakhe, eqiniseka ukuthi "angayilungisa yedwa." Ekugcineni, wazithola enendawo ekhoneni lendlu yakhe kanye nabantu ayebajwayele, ngemva kokumcela usizo esikhathini esidlule, manje ababegwema ukumbheka emehlweni.
UMamen, oneminyaka engu-54 ubudala waseMalaga, waqala ukuhlangana nemigwaqo eseyingane. Isikhathi sokuqala lapho exoshwa endlini yakhe Wayeneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12 ubudala; unina wamxosha, wachitha ubusuku bonke ezulazula esaba emagcekeni esikole kwaze kwaba yilapho abanye abantwana bembona ekhala, bamlethela izingubo zokulala, baqala ukucula ukuze bamthulise. Leso kwakungesona isenzakalo esingavamile, kodwa kwakuyisiqalo sempilo ephukile: phakathi kokuhamba ngenkani nokubuyela ekhaya, uchithe iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili engenamakhaya.
UJavi, oneminyaka engu-52, naye wayengakaze acabange ukuba nesikhwama sokuthwala imithwalo njengekhaya lakhe. Wayenemali mboleko yendlu, imisebenzi emibili, kanye nezinkokhelo zesondlo sengane yendodana yakhe, kodwa imali engenayo yayinganeleNgemva kokuhlukana, izinto zayeka ukuba zimbi. Ngolunye usuku, eseqede zonke ezinye izinketho, wazithola ehleli ebhentshini lepaki, engazi ukuthi uzoyaphi, ezibuza ukuthi ufike kanjani lapho. Lelo “phupho elibi” lahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemine, kanye nokwehla nokwehla, kanye nenqubo yokujwayela iqiniso elalibonakala liyisikhashana ekuqaleni.
Icala likaLatyr liqeda umqondo wokuthi imigwaqo ingeyabantu "abangenamfundo" kuphela. OwaseSenegal, oneminyaka engu-52 ubudala, oneziqu ze-Economics ezivela eParis kanye nolwazi eBrussels esebenza kumaphrojekthi eKhomishini yaseYurophu, ukhuluma izilimi eziningana (IsiNgisi, isiFulentshi, iSpanishi, isiFlemish, kanye nezilimi ezimbili zase-Afrika). Weza eSpain ukuzosiza abanye abantu ayebajwayele ukutshala imali, kodwa isheke abalisebenzisile latholakala lingelona iqiniso. Uphenyo lwezomthetho lwamphoqa ukuba anikele ngepasipoti yakhe futhi avele enkantolo njalo ngenyanga iminyaka emine, engenamaphepha, imali engenayo, noma inethiwekhi yokusekela ezweni. Lapho imali yakhe iphela, wagcina esetendeni epaki, esaba futhi ezizwa evaleleke ejele elingenazindonga.
Ezinye izindaba zakamuva zibonisa ukuthi ubhubhane kanye nezinkinga zomnotho zandisa kanjani ingozi yokuphelela emgwaqweni. UManuel, oneminyaka engu-50 ubudala waseBarcelonaWayesebenza ekusabalalisa amapheshana futhi ephupha ngokusungula iphrojekthi yezemidlalo edolobheni laseToledo. I-coronavirus yamhlasela kabili: okokuqala, wagula kakhulu; kwabe sekuvalwa idolobha kanye nokuvalwa kwenkampani kwenza iphrojekthi yakhe yaba yize. Waphila ngemali yakhe ayeyilondolozile isikhashana kwaze kwaba yilapho iphela, akakwazanga ukukhokha irenti yakhe, wagcina elele emigwaqweni, engenandlela yokuhlala nezihlobo.
U-Alfonso, oneminyaka engu-62 ubudala Futhi njengoba eseneminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu esebenza ebhange, ungomunye isibonelo sendlela impilo ebonakala “izinzile” engawohloka ngayo. Ukuxoshwa okukhulu ebhange lakhe—izisebenzi ezingaphezu kuka-15.000 ezisele—kwamshiya ngaphandle kwesistimu. Izibonelelo azithola kamuva zaziyizinkontileka eziyingozi ezazinganikeli ngisho nokwanele ukuze aphile. Iminyaka emibili yokungabi nakhaya yaphela ngokushaywa yisifo sohlangothi kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela; yilapho kuphela lapho akwazi ukufinyelela khona uhlelo lwezindlu ukuze alulame impilo yakhe.
Ubusuku bokuqala ungekho ekhaya: ukwesaba, ihlazo kanye nesizungu
Umbono wothando "wenkululeko" yomgwaqo uyaphela ngokushesha nje lapho umuntu edlula. ubusuku bokuqala ngaphandle kophahlaUkudideka, ukwesaba, kanye namahloni kuhlangana nomuzwa ojulile wento engeyona yangempela: akekho ozithola engenamakhaya ngokuzumayo. Lokho kushaqeka kokuqala kushiya uphawu abaningi abalukhumbulayo olubuhlungu kakhulu kuneminyaka eyalandela.
UMamen usakhumbula kahle ngalobo busuku lapho, eneminyaka eyi-12 ubudala, ezulazula eduze kwesikole ezama ukungawi. Ukwesaba kwakhe kwakusobala kakhulu Abanye abasebasha, ababengamnaki, banquma ukummboza ngezingubo zokulala futhi bacule izingoma zakhe ukuze bamyekise ukukhala. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, esemdala, wayezophinde abhekane nezimo ezifanayo, kulokhu elele emihumeni, emabhishi, noma kuma-ATM.
UJavi uchaza isikhathi ahlala ngaso ebhentshini lepaki ngaphandle kwethikithi lokubuya njengento ecishe ibe yinto engavamile: Angizange ngicabange ukuthi lokho kuyiqiniso.Kumuntu osebenze impilo yakhe yonke, ukushaqeka kokuwela ebumpofwini kuyisihluku; kunzima ukuzibona "njengomsebenzisi wezinsizakalo zomphakathi" noma "umuntu ongenakhaya." Lokhu kungakholwa kokuqala kuvame ukulibazisa ukufuna usizo futhi kwenze inkinga ibe yimbi kakhulu.
ULatyr ufingqa izinsuku zakhe zokuqala etendeni njengento exakile: ngaphandle, kodwa eyisiboshwa. Wayekwazi ukuhambahamba edolobheni, kodwa wayenomuzwa wokuthi ulahlekelwe ukulawula konke impilo yakhoIzenzo ezizenzakalelayo njengokugeza, ukudla isidlo sasekuseni, noma ukuya endlini yangasese zaba izithiyo zansuku zonke. Ngenxa yamahloni, wagwema ukucela emnyango wezitolo ezinkulu; kunalokho, wakhetha ukusiza ezimakethe zasemgwaqweni ngokukhulula amaloli noma ukuqondisa abantu ezindaweni zokupaka ezitholakalayo, enethemba lokuthola izinhlamvu zemali ezimbalwa.
Igama elifanayo livela kuzo zonke izifakazelo: ihlazo. UPepe wafihla isimo sakhe emndenini wakhe ukugwema "ukukhathaza" abanye nokugwema ukuvuma ukunqotshwa kwabo. Leli hlazo, elihambisana nokuziqhenya komuntu ojwayele ukuxazulula izinkinga zakhe eyedwa, libambezela ukuxhumana nezinsizakalo zomphakathi kuze kube yilapho isimo singasabekezeleleki.
Ukusinda emigwaqweni: inqubo, izingozi kanye nokuhlazeka
Ukuhlala ngaphandle kusho ukuthi umzabalazo oqhubekayo wezidingo eziyisisekelo kakhuluUkuphuza amanzi, ukuya endlini yangasese, ukugeza, ukuthola ukudla, ukuthola indawo ephephile yokulala. Ukuphila kuncishisiwe kwaba yisithiyo lapho sonke isikhathi namandla kugxile ekusindeni, kungekho ndawo yokuhlela ikusasa.
UPepe angakhumbula ngekhanda ukuthi angayitholaphi imithombo yomphakathi, izindlu zangasese, kanye neshawa eMadrid. Le mephu yokusinda iyisithelo sokuhlangenwe nakho. yonke imithombo enyamalalayoUmtapo wolwazi ngamunye noma isikhungo somphakathi esinciphisa amahora aso okwenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bazihlela ukuya eRed Cross, ekhishini lesobho, ezindaweni zokugeza zikamasipala, noma ezindaweni zokukhosela, bebekezelela uhambo olude kanye nemigqa engapheli.
UMamen ukhumbula isikhathi elele emhumeni eMalaga, ehlanganyela indawo namagundane, kanti emini wayenakekela umuntu osekhulile. Inqubo yakhe yayiwukuhlushwa yi-schizophrenia.: ukwehla igquma ukuyogeza eRed Cross, ukuya emsebenzini uhlanzekile futhi uhlelekile, nokubuyela ebusuku emhumeni wazi ukuthi leli “khaya” liyindawo nje lapho amaphoyisa noma abahlaseli bengenakukubona khona.
UJavi wenza ukuhlanzeka kwaba yinto ayithandayo. Wayekhetha ukuhlala izinsuku eziningi engadli kunokuyiyeka. phuca futhi uhlanzekeWayenomuzwa wokuthi ukugcina ukubukeka "okujwayelekile" kwakuyindlela yokuzivikela emehlweni abantu abamgxekayo nokuzikhumbuza ukuthi usengumuntu ofanayo, noma ngabe ikheli lakhe lasekhaya laliyibhentshi lasepaki. Wathatha noma yimuphi umsebenzi ayengawuthola: wayegqoka njengoSanta Claus, i-hot dog, i-vampire, wayedlala emidlalweni yesekisi… Noma yini kunokuba azinikezele ekuncengeni.
Nokho, ubudlova bugcwele impilo emigwaqweni cishe ngendlela ehlelekile. UPepe ulandisa ngendlela ngobunye ubusuku izinsizwa ezine ezaphuma ngayo ekilabhini yasebusuku eseduze, Bamphonsa izibuko Base beqala ukumkhahlela baze bamshiya elele lapho. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, wayebeka i-alamu ukuze avuke ngaphambi kokuba iklabhu ivalwe, aqoqe izinto zakhe, bese enyamalala amahora ambalwa, kuze kube yilapho ingozi isidlulile.
UJavi wacishe wafa ekuhlaselweni okufihliwe njengesenzo sokusiza. Owesifazane osekhulile wasendaweni wamlethela isitsha samalentili; lapho ewazwa, wabona into engavamile futhi ekhathazekile ngokuthi naye angase athole ubuthi bokudla. Wabelana ngezinsolo zakhe nomuntu ayemazi owayesebenza elabhorethri, futhi wanquma ukuhlaziya ukudla. Umphumela waba yinto eqabulayo.Yayiqukethe ubuthi bamagundane. Lapho amaphoyisa ebuza owesifazane imibuzo, wazithethelela ngokuthi kwakudingeka "ukuqeda lesi sihlava." Isibonelo sendlela ubandlululo, kwezinye izingqondo, olungathethelela ngayo ukuzama ukubulala.
Uma kwenzeka kwabesifazane, ingozi iyanda. UMamen unomlando wobudlova obukhulu: eseyingane, unina wambopha embhedeni wamshaya; eneminyaka engu-17 wakhulelwa ngemuva kokudlwengulwa wagcina eshade nomhlaseli wakhe ukuze abalekele ukuhlukunyezwa ngunina. Abalingani bakhe abalandelayo bamshaya baze bagcina besejeleEjele, walahlekelwa yindodakazi yakhe encane, eyayibekwe endaweni yokunakekela izingane; ukhumbula kuphela igama lakhe, uMireia, kanye neminyaka yakhe ecishe ibe yiminyaka. Lapho ekhululwa, wahamba edlula eMálaga, eCórdoba, eSeville, eJaén, e-Almería… elele emabhishi, eminyango, nasezindaweni ezingenalutho. Ubusuku obuningi kwadingeka abalekele ukuzama ukudlwengula: indoda yamhlasela ogwini lolwandle ngesikhathi esesikhwameni sokulala; abafana ababili bamphoqelela ukuba angene emotweni, bamyisa endaweni ekude, bamkhumula izingubo. Wabaleka ngokugijima ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka waze wathola umbhangqwana okhulile owammboza ngengubo, wamfaka ngaphakathi, wabiza iCivil Guard.
Impilo nayo iyancipha kakhulu. ULatyr wayesevele ene-COPD embi kakhulu lapho, ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, etholakala ene-COPD. umdlavuza wamaphaphuUdokotela womdlavuza wayecacile: uma nje esahlala emgwaqweni, babengenakukwazi ukumnikeza i-chemotherapy kanye ne-radiotherapy ngoba ukwelashwa kwakuzombulala. Ukuze abekezelele izikhathi, wayedinga ukuphumula, ukudla okunempilo, kanye nendawo yokululama; okuphambene ngokuphelele nalokho okunikezwa yibhentshi noma itende.
Izikhathi zobuntu: izenzo ezishintsha usuku lonke
Ebhekene nezenzo eziningi zobudlova nokuhlazeka, izenzo ezincane zomusa Ziba nokubaluleka okukhulu. Azisusi ukushaywa, kodwa ziba izikhonkwane zenkumbulo, ubufakazi bokuthi akuwona wonke umuntu obheka ngenye indlela. Abantu abaningi abangenamakhaya bathinteka kakhulu ukukhumbula le mininingwane enomusa kuneziqephu zobudlova.
UMamen ukhuluma ngothando olukhethekile ngeqembu lomakhelwane endaweni yaseMalaga lapho ayelala khona ku-ATM. Njalo ekuseni babemshiyela isidlo sasekuseni. Babeqaphela kakhulu ukuthi bangamvusi, njengomuntu ovikela ukuphumula kwelungu lomndeni. Kuze kube namuhla, uma ekhumbula, uthi isikhumba sakhe siyakhasa: phakathi nokuphila okuphawulwe ukuhlukunyezwa, labo besifazane bamenza wazizwa ephephile futhi evikelekile okwesikhashana.
UPepe ulandisa ngezigcawu ezimbili azithandayo. Ngesinye isikhathi, wayehlale izinsuku ezinhlanu engadli, enesiyezi, ecabanga ukuyeka, lapho owesifazane efika ephethe ipuleti lesitshulu esenziwe ekhaya. "Ungibuyisele impilo yami"Uthi. Ngenye intambama, ehlezi eduze kwethala, kwasondela intombazanyana, yavula isikhwama sayo esincane, yamnika amasenti amahlanu. Kunoma ubani omunye, kwakuyoba yimali encane; kuye, leso senzo sokuzinikela okumsulwa "samphula inhliziyo."
UJavi ukhumbula ukuthi into engcono kakhulu eyamehlela emigwaqweni kwakuwukuhlangana nomndeni endaweni. Ngolunye usuku, ubaba weza, exolisa ngoba wayengenakumnika imali. UJavi wamtshela ukuthi angakhathazeki futhi wambuza ukuthi angamsiza yini nganoma yini. Indoda yamcela ukuba amsize ngefenisha esindayo. UJavi wakwenza lokho ngenjabulo futhi wenqaba inkokhelo enkulu ayeyinikezwa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, indodakazi nabazukulu bale ndoda babehlala befika. xoxa naye isikhashanaNgenxa yabo, wazizwa "njengomuntu" futhi, hhayi nje "indoda evela ebhange."
UPepe noJavi bahlangana futhi ngendlela ethakazelisayo elandela impilo yasezitaladini: Basala bengenazwiUkuchitha amasonto amaningi ngaphandle kokukhuluma namuntu kubangela ukuthi imisipha yezwi ingasebenzi kahle; e-Alicante, lapho uJavi achitha khona isikhathi esithile, abantu abaningi babecabanga ukuthi uyisimungulu. Ngaphandle kwesici somzimba, lokhu kubonisa isizungu esikhulu kanye nokungabonakali komphakathi kokungabi nakhaya.
Ngale kwezinganekwane: lokho esikwaziyo ngempela ngokungabi nakhaya
Esinye sezihluthulelo zokubhekana nempilo emgwaqweni ukudiliza ezinye ubandlululo olujulileIzinhlangano ezikhethekile, njenge-Arrels Fundació noma i-Hogar Sí, zigcizelela ukuthi izincazelo eziningi ezilula — “azisebenzi ngoba azifuni”, “zinjena ngenxa yezidakamizwa”, “uma zilala emgwaqweni kungenxa yokuthi ziyafuna” — azisekelwa yidatha noma izindaba zangempela.
Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kotshwala nezidakamizwa akulona neze imbangela yokuphelela emigwaqweni. Ngokuvamile, labo abagcina bephuzile benza kanjalo ukuze ukubekezelela amakhaza, ukwesaba, nokukhathazeka Ukulala ezindaweni ezingaphephile kuyisibonelo esisodwa. Kwezinye izimo, kuhilela izimo ezazikhona kakade (ukulutheka, izinkinga zempilo yengqondo) eziba zimbi kakhulu endaweni enobutha. Ukuzibiza ngokuthi “izenzo ezimbi” akulungile futhi kwenza kube lula kakhulu into ehlobene kakhulu nobuhlungu, ukugula, kanye nokuntuleka kokusekelwa.
Enye inganekwane esakazekile ukuthi “kunezinsiza eziningi” nokuthi uma umuntu elala emgwaqweni kungenxa yokuthi akafuni ukuya endaweni yokukhosela. Iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Eziningi zalezi zindawo ziyizikhungo ezinkulu ezihlala amakhulu abantu, ubumfihlo obuncane kanye nemithetho eqinile kakhuluIzindawo eziningi zokukhosela azivumeli izilwane ezifuywayo noma yonke impahla, okuphoqa abantu ukuba bashiye lokho okuncane abakushiyile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi yizixazululo zesikhashana: noma ubani othuthela khona uyazi ukuthi angabuya emgwaqweni emavikini noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezizayo.
Imininingwane evela eBarcelona ikhombisa: ngokusho kokubalwa kwabantu bendawo, abantu abangu-66% balala emigwaqweni Abatholi mali kubaphathi.Naphezu kokuthi abaningi baye basebenza, basebenza emnothweni ongakahleleki, noma ngisho nemisebenzi ejwayelekile enamaholo aphansi kangangokuthi abakwazi ukukhokhela irenti, kukhona nabantu abampilo yabo iye yaba mandundu kangangokuthi ngeke bakwazi ukusebenza futhi; abanye bachitha usuku lonke bemi emgqeni wokudla, begeza, bebhala amaphepha, noma behamba beya ezindaweni ezahlukene.
Ukuhlukahluka kwemvelaphi nakho kuyawucekela phansi umqondo wokuthi “bonke bangabafuduki.” Isibonelo, eBarcelona, cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu abahlala emigwaqweni baye Ubuzwe baseSpainAbangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu bayizakhamuzi ze-EU kanti cishe ingxenye yesine ayizakhamuzi ze-EU. Abafuduki bavame ukuba sesimweni esibucayi kakhulu ngoba abanalo inethiwekhi yomndeni eseduze, babhekene nezithiyo zokuphatha ukuze balungise isimo sabo, futhi babhekene nezithiyo zolimi kanye nokubandlululwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlala emigwaqweni akuyona into eyenziwa ngamabomu. Akekho onquma ukuvuka ngelinye ilanga athi, "Ngizohlala ngaphansi kwebhuloho." Lesi simo sifinyelelwa ngenqubo yokuwohloka okuqongelelekayo.Lokhu kuthonywa yizici zomuntu siqu (ukuhlukana, izingxabano zomndeni, impilo yomzimba noma yengqondo) kanye nezici zesakhiwo (ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, amanani ezindlu akhuphukayo, izinsizakalo zomphakathi eziqinile, ukunciphisa imithwalo yemfanelo, ukufuduka, ukushonelwa, njll.). Ngokuvamile, lapho umuntu ethi "Angifuni lutho" eqenjini lokufinyelela emigwaqweni, lokho akushoyo ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kokuthembana, ngemva kwemizamo eminingi ehlulekile yokucela usizo.
Izinsizakusebenza, izinqubomgomo kanye namamodeli okushiya imigwaqo
Ukunqoba ukungabi nakhaya kudinga okungaphezu nje kwezingubo zokulala nokudla okulula. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwamazwe ngamazwe nokwasendaweni kubonisa ukuthi kudingeka ezinye izinto. izinqubomgomo zezindlu ezizinzileIzinsiza ezilungiselelwe izidingo zangempela zabantu kanye nokusekelwa komphakathi kwesikhathi eside zibalulekile. Isibonelo esihle yiFinland, ebhekwa njengezwe lokuqala laseYurophu ukusondela kakhulu ekufezeni umgomo we-#nobodysleepingonthestreet ngenxa yesu likazwelonke eligxile ezindlini ezihlala njalo.
ESpain, izinhlangano ezifana neHogar Sí bezilokhu zikhuthaza amamodeli afanayo iminyaka eminingi: uhlelo Izindlu Okokuqala (“I-Housing First”) inikeza amafulethi ajwayelekile okuqasha kubantu asebehlale emigwaqweni isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kokubadinga ukuba “belashwe” kuzo zonke izinkinga zabo kusengaphambili. Umqondo ulula kodwa uyinto exakile: ngekhaya elizinzile, kulula kakhulu ukubhekana nempilo, ukuthola umsebenzi, noma ukwakha kabusha ubudlelwano. I-Hogar Sí iphatha amafulethi okuqasha angaba ngu-300 kulo lonke izwe, anikezelwe kuphela kumaphrojekthi abantu abangenamakhaya, ngaphezu kwezinye izixazululo ezifana nezindlu ezihlanganyelwe (Housing Led) noma izindlu zokuvuselela impilo.
Ngokukhethekile, uhlelo lwezindlu zokuvuselela impilo lwaseHogar Sí, olunesikhungo enyakatho yeMadrid kanye nezindawo ezingaba ngu-60, lubonisa izinga Isimo sezulu kanye nophahla kushintsha isibikezeloAbantu abanjengoMiguel Ángel, uPatricia, uManuel, no-Alfonso bafika sebelahlekelwe cishe yikho konke: imisebenzi yabo, amakhaya abo, futhi ngokuvamile, ingxenye yempilo yabo yomzimba noma yengqondo. Endaweni ezinzile, bangagxila ekululameni, bafake izicelo zezinzuzo (imali engenayo yokuphila encane, impesheni enganikeli), ukuqeqeshwa, noma ukuklama uhlelo olusha lokuphila.
UMiguel Ángel, olungisa ikhaya futhi ohlobisayo, wehlelwa yingozi eCañada Real ngesikhathi seSiphepho iFilomena ngesikhathi ezama ukususa iqhwa ophahleni lwakhe. Uphahla lwawa, wagcina esesibhedlela ephukile kaningana. Njengamanje usesikhungweni saseHogar Sí esilulama ekuqhekekeni kwenqulu. usethole kabusha injabulo yezinto ezilula njengompetha we-mus, elele ngaphandle kokwesaba futhi ehlela ukubuyela kwakhe emsebenzini, yize engasakwazi ukuthwala isisindo esiningi njengakuqala.
UPatricia, owesifazane wase-Uruguay oneminyaka engu-49 ubudala, wabhekana nobunzima bezokwelapha obamshiya ekhubazekile, eyedwa ezibhedlela ezingaphandle kweMadrid, futhi engakwazi ukubona indodakazi yakhe ekhulelwe ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-Covid. Lapho umzukulu wakhe ezalwa, naye walahlekelwa ngumlingani wakhe kanye nendlu ababehlala kuyo, njengoba indlu yayingeyakhe. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa nokuvuselelwa okujulile, usefunde ukuhamba futhi ngezinduku zokubopha kanye Uphinde wathola intshiseko yakhe ngokuthungaUchitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku lwakhe elungisa izingubo zabanye abantu esikhungweni futhi uphupha ngokukwazi ukuziphilisa ngazo uma esephumile.
UManuel ushintsha isikhathi sakhe ohlelweni ngekhosi ukuze abe ngumemukeli wehhotela, azithandele njengommeleli webhola, futhi uzama ukupheka. Uyazi ukuthi isithiyo sakhe esikhulu yimali: “Sonke sinesifiso nemibono, inkinga ukukwazi ukuyikhokhela.” Umgomo wakhe, uma esephumile ohlelweni, uwukuba wabelane ngefulethi nabanye abantu ababili nazo ezisenqubweni yokululama.
U-Alfonso, yena, usebenzisa noma iyiphi ikhompyutha angayiboleka ukuze avuselele ukuxhumana kwakhe akwenza phakathi neminyaka yakhe engama-35 ebhange. Akafisi ukubuyisa isikhundla sakhe sakudala, kodwa kunalokho ukuqalisa amaphrojekthi, uma ephumelela, azomvumela ukuthi angagcini nje ngokuzisekela, kodwa futhi banikela ngengxenye yemali yabo engenayo ezinhlelweni abamsize. Ukhuluma "ngokubona ukukhanya okuncane ekugcineni komhubhe."
I-Hogar Sí kanye nezinye izinhlangano zomkhakha wesithathu zifuna izinguquko zomthetho nezentela ukuze kube lula ukufinyelela ezindlini zomphakathi. Njengamanje, ukuqasha amafulethi njengenhlangano esemthethweni Kuhilela izithiyo eziningi kunokukwenza njengomuntu ngamunye: ukugodlwa kwentela yengeniso, i-VAT, njll. Uhulumeni ucelwa ukuthi afake izikhuthazo emthethweni wezindlu ukuze lezi zinhlangano zikwazi ukusayina izivumelwano zokuqasha ngemibandela enenzuzo, uma nje zabela izindawo kubantu abangenamakhaya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kugcizelelwa kakhulu isidingo sokuba abanye omasipala, ngale kwamadolobha amakhulu, bathuthukise izinsiza zabo ukuze bangaphoqi abantu ukuba bathuthele ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezigcwele kakhulu.
Ukwakha kabusha impilo: ikhaya, impilo kanye nobudlelwano
Ukushiya imigwaqo akupheli usuku umuntu uthola okhiye abathileEqinisweni, abantu abaningi bathi enye yezinselele ezingavamile ukujwayela ukulala embhedeni futhi noma ukuvala umnyango, bazi ukuthi lapho bevuka, indawo izoba ngeyabo. Ukuba nophahla phezu kwamakhanda abo kuyisinyathelo sokuqala, kodwa bese kuza konke okunye: ukuthuthukisa impilo yabo, ukulungisa izikweletu, ukubhekana namaphepha, ukuthola umthombo ozinzile wemali engenayo, futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukwakha kabusha ukuzethemba kubo nakwabanye.
UPepe, ngosizo lukaHogar Sí kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, wakwazi ukulungisa isimo sakhe neHhovisi Lentela, wasebenza ngempesheni yakhe futhi waxazulula inqwaba yamaphepha ayemvimbele. Qala kabusha ukuxhumana nomndeni wakho Kwakuyisikhathi esinzima—wathola ukugxekwa okuhle ngokungaceli usizo ngokushesha—kodwa futhi ekhulula. Manje, njengoba enekhaya, umbhede, nebhokisi leposi, unikela ingxenye yesikhathi sakhe ekuhambisaneni nabantu abangenamakhaya ababona emgwaqweni, ekhumbula ukuthi esikhathini esingeside esidlule wayesekhoneni elifanayo. Nsuku zonke uya ekhefini lapho, lapho ehlala emigwaqweni, babevame ukumnika ikhofi; manje useza njengomthengi ojwayelekile, esebenzisa igama lakhe eliphelele.
ULatyr waqeda ukwelashwa kwakhe komdlavuza, isimila sazinza, wabe esethuthela eCordoba nomlingani wakhe. Lokho akwazisa kakhulu akuzona izinto ezinkuluKodwa akukhona nje ukukwazi ukugeza noma nini lapho ethanda, ukuphuza ikhofi ekuseni ngaphandle kokuphuthuma ukuthola indlu yokugezela, noma ukuphumula ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuxoshwa ebhange. Ulungiselela ukusebenza njengomhumushi noma umhumushi, esebenzisa ulwazi lwakhe lwezilimi eziningana.
UMamen uthathe izifundo zokukhonza kanye nomsebenzi wasehhotela. Usehlale efulethini lakhe iminyaka emibili futhi usalokhu ezibamba lapho ezwa isihluthulelo ephaketheni lakhe. Ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yobudlova, ijele, nempilo emigwaqweniLeso sihluthulelo simelela into eyisisekelo njengokuphepha kokwazi ukuthi, ekugcineni, unendawo yokukhiya umnyango wakhe futhi aphephe. UJavi, manje oletha amaphakheji nezinja zokuhamba, uzizwa ngendlela efanayo: kuye, isihluthulelo sendlu siwuphawu olubonakalayo lwempilo acishe wayilahla.
Ucwaningo lwezenhlalo lusekela lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho: ukungena endaweni yokuhlala akukuxazululi ngokuyisimangaliso ukungabi nakhaya. Izinyanga ezilandelayo zibalulekile.Sidinga ukusekela abantu ekubhekaneni nesizungu sefulethi ngemva kokuxinana komgwaqo noma indawo yokukhosela, ekufundeni ukunakekela impilo yabo, nasekutholeni imisebenzi enenjongo yokugcwalisa isikhathi sabo: imfundo, umsebenzi, ukuzithandela, ukuzijabulisa. Ukushintsha kusuka "engqondweni yokusinda" kuya kokugxila kuphrojekthi yokuphila kuwumzamo oqhubekayo.
ESpain, inhlolovo yeHogar Sí ibonise ukuthi cishe Abantu abayi-10% bathi bake balala emgwaqweni ngesinye isikhathi. Futhi amaphesenti afanayo ayavuma ukuthi achithe ubusuku ezimotweni, eminyango, noma ezindaweni zokukhosela eziphuthumayo. Uma sibheka labo okudingeke bahlale isikhashana nabangani noma imindeni yabo ngenxa yezizathu zezimali, sikhuluma ngezigidi zabantu abaye baphelelwa yikhaya. UPepe, uJavi, uMamen, noLatyr bakuphinda njenge-mantra: lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani. Ukubaleka kwenhlanhla embi, ukuxoshwa emsebenzini, ukuhlukana, ukugula, impesheni ephansi, irenti engabizi, ihlazo lokucela usizo… futhi, uma ususemgwaqweni, kunzima kakhulu ukuphuma wedwa.
Ukubuka impilo ngqo emgwaqweniNgalezi zindaba, kusiphoqa ukuthi siqede ubandlululo futhi siqonde ukuthi asibhekene “namacala azimele,” kodwa kunalokho sibhekene nophawu lwemodeli yezenhlalo eshiya labo abanezinsiza ezimbalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubonisa ukuthi ngezindlu ezihle, ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, izinsiza eziklanywe ngomuntu ngamunye engqondweni, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezinesibindi—njengalezo ezisebenze emazweni asenyakatho yeYurophu—kungenzeka ukuthi akekho okufanele aguqule i-ATM, itende, noma ibhange libe yikhaya lakhe kuphela.
