I-Las izindunduma azilutho ngaphandle kokuqoqwa komoya, okungukuthi, ziwukunyakaza okubangelwa umoya esihlabathini sezindawo ezomile nezisogwini, okuphumela ekwakhekeni okubonakalayo kwezintaba ezincane noma izinto ezisizayo ezivame ukushaya kakhulu ezindaweni eziwugwadule. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde konke mayelana nalezi zindunduma nokwakheka kwazo.
Ziyini izindunduma?
I-Las izindunduma Ziyi-reliefs ezakhiwe yisihlabathi esinyakazayo futhi esilolwe ngokuvumelana nokuhamba komoya, zivame kakhulu emabhishi nasogwadule. Lezi zinsiza zisuka lapho umoya uvunguza ngamandla kakhulu futhi ubangele ukuba isihlabathi sinqwabelane ndawana thize, bese kuba wumoya ofanayo oqala ukunyakaza kwalezi Izintaba.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindunduma ezincane zihamba ngokushesha kunezinkulu, ngenxa yokuthi zinezingqimba ezibushelelezi kakhulu futhi ezifanayo. Kungashiwo ukuthi ezindaweni ezisogwini lezi zinsiza ziphila ngisho nempilo, njengoba zihlala zikhuthele uma zingenakho uhlaza, yingakho zilokhu zishintsha ukuma kwazo futhi ngezinye izikhathi zishintsha indawo yazo kuye ngokuthi imimoya ibheke ngakuphi.
Ngeshwa, ezikhathini eziningi umuntu uye wanquma ukwakha izakhiwo kulezi zindawo eziwugwadule nezisogwini, okuyingxenye eyenza kungenzeki ukwakheka kwezakhiwo. izindunduma, ngaphezu kokudala umonakalo omkhulu emabhishi nasezindaweni ezisogwini.
Zakhiwa kanjani izindunduma?
Ukuze kube ukwakheka kwe izindunduma emabhishi noma ogwadule, ukuba khona kwezakhi ezintathu kuphela eziyinhloko kuyadingeka, okuyisihlabathi, umoya kanye nezitshalo, khona-ke kuba lapho umoya uqala ngokunyakaza kwawo okunamandla ukuze ulolonge isihlabathi futhi usiyise ezweni, kukhona lapho umsebenzi wezitshalo uqala, okuwukuwubamba futhi uwuguqule ube yizimpumputhe.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi uhlaza lubaluleke kakhulu ukuze lo mphumela utholakale, ngoba yizitshalo ezigcina ukukhula kwezitshalo. izindunduma futhi uzigcina zisendaweni, kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uma uhlaza lubhujiswa noma lungekho, umoya unganyakazisa isihlabathi futhi izindunduma zingaqhubeka nokwakheka, nokho, zizolahlekelwa isihlabathi ngokushesha futhi zinyamalale.
Ukunyakaza kwe izindunduma Zingase futhi zibangele izinkinga ezingathi sína, njengokuvinjwa kwemigwaqo nezindlela zokuxhumana, ukuhlasela kwezindawo ezilinywayo, ukuhlaselwa kwabantu, nokunye okuningi kuwumonakalo ongase ubangelwe yisihlabathi.
Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela ezithile ezisiza ukugwema noma ukuvimbela lezi zinkinga, futhi zingamasu abeka imingcele ekuhambeni kwezindunduma, isibonelo; amasimu angatshalwa angadingi amanzi amaningi ukuze aphile, noma ingxenye eqhumayo yendunduma ingase ifuthwe ngezinto ezinamathelayo, ezifana ne-petroleum noma uwoyela wasezimbonini okungcono asevele asetshenziswa.
Izihlabathi ezakha i izindunduma cishe njalo zithambile kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zome kakhulu, lezi ziphuma ekushayheni kwemimoya namadwala futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zihlukaniswa zibe izingcezu ezincane ezigcina zenze isihlabathi, esihlanganiswa yile mimoya eqhubekayo kancane kancane, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziguqulwa zibe izinto ezihlala zishintsha ukuma kwazo, ngenxa yaleso sizathu zibuye zibizwe ngokuthi izihlabathi eziyimizulane.
Izinhlobo zezindunduma
Kunezinhlobo eziningi izindunduma ezihlukaniswa ngokuma kwazo, okuncike ezintweni eziyinhloko ezithinta indalo yazo, okuwukutholakala kwesihlabathi, isiqondiso nesivinini somoya, futhi ekugcineni ukuba khona kwezitshalo noma isithiyo sokwakheka komhlaba.
Izinhlobo ze duna okwaziwayo okwamanje:
Longitudinal
Lolu hlobo luhambisana nezintaba ezinde zesihlabathi eziqondaniswe futhi ezihambisanayo kuye ngokuthi umoya uvunguza ngakuphi, ngokuvamile zincane futhi zingamamitha angu-3 kuphela ubude, nakuba ogwadule lwaseLibya zingafinyelela ngokunethezeka ukuphakama kwamamitha angu-100, zisakazeka phezulu. amakhilomitha angaba ngu-100 futhi duna I-Cerro Dragon de Iquique, efinyelela ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-4 ubude namamitha angu-220 ukuphakama.
Isiphambano
Lolu hlobo izindunduma ziyizindawo eziphakeme ezibanzi ezihlukaniswe izingxenye eziphawulwe kakhulu, zihlala zihamba ngendlela efanayo futhi lapho uqala ukubuka zinikeza umbono wokufana, zivame ukwenzeka ezifundeni lapho isihlabathi sitholakala ngobuningi obukhulu kakhulu.
Inkanyezi noma Iphiramidi
Lezi izindunduma Zisesimweni se-reliefs ebanzi enezinhlobonhlobo zeziqongo eziphuma phezulu, lezi zakha lapho isiqondiso somoya sihluka. Lezi zitholakala ezindaweni lapho kunezigxobo ezinkulu zesihlabathi futhi zibonakala ngaphezu kwakho konke ngokuhlala zingashintshiwe amakhulu eminyaka, zingasetshenziswa njengeziqondiso ezinhle kakhulu zokuhamba ogwadule futhi zibonise indlela.
I-Barchan Dunes
Iwuhlobo olulodwa olumise okwe-C noma olumise okwenyanga, alukho uhlaza futhi lwenzeka ezindaweni ezinokusabalalisa okulinganiselwe kwesihlabathi, lapho ingaphezulu liqinile, liyisicaba futhi alinazo izimila, njengalezo ezitholakala ogwadule lwaseSahara. , e-Afrika. Yile ndlela impumuzo ehlanganisa ngayo kancane kancane indawo kuye ngokuthi umoya uya ngakuphi, ngokuvamile ukuphakama kwendunduma ye-barján kungamamitha angu-3 ukuya kwangu-5.
Ukufaniswa
Lolu hlobo lumise okwe-U futhi ekuqaleni, iziphetho zalo zikhomba lapho umoya uya khona, ngokungafani naleyo ye-barchan. Zivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini futhi lapho uhlaza lumboza ingxenye yomhlabathi, zinesipuni eside noma umumo ocwebezelayo, futhi lapho sezikhule ngokugcwele zibonisa ubujamo bamaphiko obubheke lapho umoya uya khona.
Izindawo zokuhlala e- Dune
Lezi zinsiza ziwukubonakaliswa okwenzeka kakhulu ogwini lwaseDominican Republic, njengoba kulesi sifunda kunezindawo ezingaphezu kuka-25 ezigcwele. izindunduma, etholakala emabhishi nasemilonyeni yemifula.
Phakathi kwalezi zindawo sinesikhumbuzo Semvelo esidumile Izindunduma yaseBaní, etholakala ikakhulukazi enhlonhlweni yaseLas Calderas, ehambelana nokuba imvelo enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. izindunduma kanye nezindunduma zase-Antilles. Ziningi ezibonakala ogwadule njengeSechura, enyakatho yePeru, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona okuthiwa ama-ergs atholakala ogwadule lwaseSahara.
Izindunduma eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni
Enye yezindunduma eziphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni itholakala eBolsón de Fiambalá, okuyisifundazwe saseCatamarca esisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Argentina. Ingamamitha angu-1.230 ubude futhi ibizwa nge-Federico Kirbus, isuka ekuphakameni okungamamitha angu-1.615 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle futhi ifinyelela umvuthwandaba wayo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-2.845 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, esiqongweni sezintaba zaseZapata.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinendunduma yesibili ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni, esegqumeni iLa Marcha, ePeru. Lokhu kubuye kubizwe ngokuthi indunduma enkulu, njengoba ukuphakama koqweqwe lwawo kucishe kube ngamamitha ayi-1.696 ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle, futhi isisekelo sayo singaphansi kwamamitha angama-796, okuholela cishe kumamitha angama-924 ukuphakama esihlabathini esihlanzekile.
Singathola futhi ezinye izindunduma I-Barai ogwadule lwaseHarana, etholakala e-China, enamamitha afinyelela ku-500 ukuphakama futhi efanayo ilungisiwe kulandela umswakama wangaphakathi, idla endaweni yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba.
I-Las izindunduma zaseMexico zinkulu, zitholakala phakathi kogwadule lwaseSonoran endaweni eyakhiwe yisiqiwi esikhulu kazwelonke, zinobude obufinyelela kumamitha angaphezu kuka-320, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indunduma ephakeme kunazo zonke eMexico yaziwa ngokuthi iDuna la Reyna futhi itholakala kuleyo ndawo
Ingoma Yezindunduma
Enye yezindawo eziwugwadule nethule kunazo zonke emhlabeni izingwadule, kodwa kulezi zikhipha ingoma engavamile, ezikhathini zasendulo ezinye izivakashi ezazivakashela ogwadule zazizwa imisindo evela emahlathini. izindunduma, okudalwa ukushayisana kwezinhlayiya ezisesihlabathini futhi kuzwakala uma zikhuhlana zodwa.
Okusho ukuthi le ngoma ingahluka ngokuya ngamandla emimoya kanye nokunyakaza okukhiqizwa esihlabathini, isibonelo; i izindunduma kusukela ogwadule lwaseSand Mountain, e-United States, okwenza imisindo kusihluthulelo se-"C enkulu", ngakolunye uhlangothi, ogwadule lwaseChile umsindo uwukuthi "F enkulu", kuyilapho eMorocco uku "G omncane”.
Kwenzekani uma ukungabaza kunyamalala?
Izikhala ezakhiwe ngazo izindunduma ziyaziwa ngempela, nokho, abantu abazazisi izinsiza eziningi zemvelo esinazo futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi zinsiza aziqapheli kakhulu, zizosivikela ngokusemandleni abo, ngoba lokho okwenziwa yilezi zindunduma eziphakeme zesihlabathi kuwumsebenzi. njengezindonga ezivimbela ukuchichima kwamanzi.
Umsebenzi abazoqhubeka bewenza ngokusemandleni abo, inqobo nje uma abantu noma imvelo ngokwayo ivuma, njengoba uma amagagasi eqala ukuwahlasela futhi esusa isihlabathi, ukuphakama kwawo kuzokwehla futhi ekugcineni kuwasibekele, ngenxa yalokhu. ziyakukhukhula, izindlu nemizana eminingi, kuqalwa ngasogwini.
Nakuba kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindunduma Banelinye iqhinga lokuzivikela, elisekelwe kule nqubo elandelayo: lapho amagagasi esusa isihlabathi, sithuthelwa ogwini, lapho sibekwe khona futhi senze ukujula kunciphe, ngendlela yokuthi lokhu kubangela ukuba amagagasi aphule a kancane kancane, ngaleyo ndlela ukwazi ukuvikela isikhathi eside.
I-Las izindunduma akalokothi ayeke ukusimangaza ngoba nawo ayikhaya lezitshalo ezingenakubalwa futhi izilwane zasogwini, eziningi zazo ezisengozini yokushabalala futhi zingaphila kuphela endaweni enesihlabathi, ngisho nezinyoni ezifudukayo zizisebenzisa njengendawo yokuphumula ohambweni lwazo olude, ngaphezu kokubekela amaqanda amaningi kuzo.
