Izingubo ze-Cowboy e-Mexico azigcini nje ngobuhle: ziyinkumbulo ephilayo, ubuciko, futhi ziwumthombo wokuziqhenya. Kusukela ezigqokweni ezinompheme obanzi kuya kumabhuzu esikhumba angavamile, Ingubo ngayinye ixoxa indaba yomsebenzi, ubuhlakani kanye nokuhlangana kwamasikoLolu hambo oludabula ezimpandeni zalo nasekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo lwembula ukuthi, ukusuka epulazini kuya e-catwalk, isitayela se-cowboy saba uphawu lwendawo yonke.
Ngaphandle kwenganekwane ye-cinematic "cowboy," i-vaquería ine-DNA yase-Hispanic-Mexican ecacile. Imikhuba yabo, amagama abo (i-bronco, i-chaparreras, i-corral, i-lazo, i-rodeo, i-rancho) kanye nezingubo zabo zizalwa kusukela ekuhlanganeni phakathi kwamasiko amahhashi aseSpain kanye namaqiniso asemaphandleni eNew Spain naseningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States.
Izimpande ze-Hispanic ne-Mexican ze-vaquería
Isiko lesimanje lama-cowboy lisuka ekhulwini le-16 nele-18, lapho abagibeli bamahhashi baseSpain bethula amahhashi, izinkomo, namabhuzu aphakeme, anozwane olucijile eNew Spain. Ezingqungqutheleni zokucobelelana ngolwazi noma izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi, eziningi zazo bezihanjelwa yizandla zomdabu eziqeqeshwe ongcweti bama-peninsular, Amabhuzu, amahhanisi namahhanisi enziwe ngamasu acwengisiswa isizukulwane ngesizukulwane..
Emadolobheni afana neDolobha laseMexico nePuebla, izinhlangano zabathungi izicathulo zazishintsha izicathulo zasebenza emsebenzini wasepulazini kanye nokugibela ama-charros nama-cowboy. Lokhu kwabeka isisekelo sebhuthi esebenzayo nehlala isikhathi eside eyavela ngokukhula kokufuywa kanye nendawo eyingqayizivele.
Njengoba uhlelo lwe-hacienda lukhula, umsebenzi we-cowboy waqiniswa futhi wathatha ubunikazi bawo: kusuka esandleni se-ranch kuya ku-charro onekhono esihlalweni. Izingubo, kusukela esigqokweni kuya emaqenjini, zazicolisiswa njengezinto zokuzivikela futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengophawu lokuthi ziyingxenye.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kanye nokwanda enyakatho, lolu lwazi lweqa imingcele futhi lwahlanganiswa namathonya amaNgisi namaMelika. Izakhi zaseYurophu ezinjengamabhuzu e-Wellington, aduma u-Duke wase-Wellington, zaba nomthelela emiklamo ezogcina ilolonge isicathulo se-cowboy sakudala.
Kusukela epulazini kuya ezindleleni ezinkulu zezinkomo
Inkathi yegolide yemizila emide yezinkomo eNyakatho Melika yaba khona engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-19, lapho. Isidingo senyama siphushe amadrayivu amakhulu ukusuka eTexas nasenyakatho yeMexico kuya kojantshi osenyakatho. Ukushayela kungase kuthathe izinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kuhambe phakathi kwezinkomo ezingu-2.000 nezingu-5.000 eziphawulwe kahle ngezimpondo ezinde.
Ikharavani yahlelwa eduze kwe-chuckwagon (imoto yasekhishini), ukuguqulwa kwamahhashi kanye neqembu le-hierarchical: induna, isandla esingaphezulu (sesibili), ama-swing kanye nezinhlangothi emaceleni, futhi ihudula i-backguard egcwele uthuli. Emini, badla endaweni ababevumelene ngayo; lapho kuhwalala, kwakukhona amashifu ewashi nemibhede ngaphandle ngaphansi kwezinkanyezi.
Ukunyathelana kwaba isitha esikhulu: isiphepho, ukwesaba noma ukuhlasela kungahlakaza umhlambi ebumnyameni, ukuphoqa ukuphishekela ukuzibulala ukuze kuhlanganiswe kabusha. Ikhono nesibindi sokugijima kwamahhashi kwakuyizimfuneko zokusinda.
Phakathi kwemizila edume kakhulu kwakuyiChisholm (San Antonio–Abilene), eyaseNtshonalanga (Bandera–Ogallala), kanye neGoodnight–Loving (Fort Concho–Pueblo). Amadolobha afana ne-Abilene, iDodge City kanye ne-Ogallala akhula njengesizinda saleso siphithiphithi sezinkomo.
Izinhlobo zamabhuzu e-cowboy namuhla
Imakethe yanamuhla inikezela ngemikhiqizo eminingi ehlanganisa isiko, ukusebenza, nemfashini. Kunanini ngaphambili, Kukhona ipheya kukho konke ukusetshenziswa nobuntu.
Amabhuzu endabuko: Izinzwane eziphakeme, eziyindilinga noma eziyisikwele, nesithende esitshekile sehhashi; isikhumba esiqinile kanye nokwakhiwa okuhlala isikhathi eside kulabo abafuna ubuqiniso nokugqoka kwansuku zonke.
Amabhuzu e-RodeoIdizayinelwe isihlabathi nengcindezi yokuncintisana, enezithende ezingasheleli, izithende eziqinile, neziqinisekiso zamasu zokuvikela unyawo nomlenze.
Amabhuzu okusebenza: Yakhelwe umsebenzi onzima emkhakheni noma embonini; isikhumba esiwugqinsi, amakepisi ozwane aqinisiwe, ama-insoles asekelayo, nokuvikela amanzi lapho kudingeka.
Amabhuzu angavamile: intshe, inyoka, ingwenya, ingwenya noma inyathi nika ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele nemithambo; izingcezu zaziswa kakhulu emicimbini, ezitejini, nasekubukekeni ngomlingiswa.
Amabhuzu esitayela samanje: ama-silhouette amancane, imibala okungeyona eyendabuko, izinto ezintsha kanye nokuhlotshiswa okudonsa amehlo kwesitayela sasemadolobheni noma sendlela yezindiza.
Amabhuzu ngokwezifiso: izinsizakalo ezenziwe ngomthungi ukukhetha okokugcina, ukuphakama kwe-shaft, izinto zokwakha, umbala nokufekethisiwe; indlela yokuba nombhangqwana oyingqayizivele okhuluma ngawe.
Okuhlukile kwesifundaE-Mexico, amabhuzu endabuko anezithende eziphakeme, ane-tapered ahlala kanye namabhuzu e-Texan ayindilinga, umphumela wokuhwebelana ngaphesheya komngcele kanye nokujwayela indawo.
U-Joaquín Murrieta kanye nophawu lwenhlalo yebhuthi
U-Joaquín Murrieta, i-Sonoran eyathuthela e-California ngesikhathi se-Gold Rush futhi yabhekana nokucwaswa nobudlova, ugqame enkumbulweni edumile. Inganekwane yakhe ethi “Robin Hood yase-El Dorado” yamenza waba wuphawu lokumelana nokungabi nabulungisa.
Ibhuthi ye-cowboy kulo mongo akuyona nje izicathulo: iwubunikazi, ukuziqhenya, nethuluzi lomsebenzi. Phakathi kokuqina kwayo nobuhle obuyinkimbinkimbi, yaba isitatimende sokuthi ungowakho nesithunzi.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
- Wayengubani u-Joaquín Murrieta?
- Umuntu odumile womlando odabuka e-Mexican, ohlotshaniswa ne-California Gold Rush kanye nezenzo zobulungiswa bezenhlalo ezimelene nokuhlukunyezwa.
- Kungani amabhuzu e-cowboy abalulekile?
- Ngoba zihlanganisa ukuvikela, ukubamba, nokunethezeka kwesihlalo sehhashi kanye nenkundla, futhi zimelela ukuziqhenya kanye nobunikazi bamasiko.
- Yiziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa emabhuthini anamuhla?
- Ukusuka esikhumbeni senkomo sekhwalithi ephezulu kuya esikhumbeni sangaphandle njengentshe, inyoka, ingwenya noma ingwenya, enezinsimbi zobuchwepheshe kanye nokuvikela amanzi.
- Yayinini i-cowboy boom yaseMelika?
- Phakathi kuka-1870 no-1880, nemizila emikhulu yezinkomo eyayixhumene neTexas nezikhumulo zesitimela ezisenyakatho.
- Yayinjani isiphithiphithi futhi sasilawulwa kanjani?
- Ukundiza okukhulu, okungalawuleki komhlambi okubangelwa ukwesaba noma iziphepho; abagibeli bawulandela bawuvala umhlambi ukuze bahlangane.
- Yini ephawule isiphetho samaqoqo amakhulu?
- Ucingo olunameva olubiyelwe, ujantshi, nobusika obushubile bango-1886-87, okwashintsha imodeli yokukhiqiza.
- Ingabe ama-cowboy ayegqoka izinwele ezimfushane?
- Akunjalo; kwakukhona ama-manes nentshebe eningi edumile, naphezu kwalokho i-cinema yakudala yanda.
- Iyini i-paniolo?
- I-cowboy yaseHawaii, indlalifa yamasu aseMexico naseCalifornia; igama livela "Spanish".
- Ingabe isiko lama-cowboy libe nomthelela emfashinini yanamuhla?
- Yebo, kusukela kufilimu nomculo kuya emiqhudelwaneni ewubukhazikhazi, isitayela saseNtshonalanga sihunyushwa kabusha njalo ngesizini.
Kusukela kuma-workshops eNew Spain kuya ebuhleni bokhaphethi ababomvu, Izimpahla ze-cowboy zaseMexico kanye nokuqagela kwakho kwamazwe ngamazwe Baxoxa indaba yokuqina, ukusebenza kanzima, nesitayela esiqhubeka sichuma: amabhuzu aklanyelwe isihlalo sehhashi, izigqoko eziklanyelwe isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, amajini akhiwe ngenxa yobunzima basemaphandleni, kanye neqoqo lezimpawu okuthi, ngemva kwekhulu leminyaka nengxenye, ziqhubeke nokubeka izitayela ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwepulazi.