Igama elithi "Izimpande Nesiko" lihambisana ngokuphelele nale ndawo yonke: kusukela ku-rebozo kuya ku-huaraches futhi kusukela ku-filigree kuya kusigqoko se-charro, sikhuluma ngezinto ezidlule izinkathi. Imizamo efana nethi "Roots of Fashion" ibuyekeze imvelaphi, incazelo, nezibalo ezinikeze ukuphila kulezi zicucu, zaze zakhokha intela ngokusebenzisa izici ezidumile ezifana Ilotho. Ukugubha izindwangu zase-Mexican ukuqaphela umsebenzi wobuciko ohlanganisa ubunikazi..
Ifa langaphambi kwe-Hispanic: izingubo, amasiko kanye nezimpawu
I-huepilli yawela emadolweni futhi, ithungwe eceleni, yakha ukuvuleka okufana nomkhono ngenxa yokugoqa kwendwangu ngokwayo. Ezimweni ezibandayo, i-vest eqinile eyenziwe ngendwangu ewugqinsi noma isikhumba yayigqokwa ngaphansi kwe-huepilli, eklanyelwe ukunikeza ukufudumala okwengeziwe ku-torso. Ukusebenza, isizotha kanye nendawo yokuhlala kwakuhlala ndawonye.
Emadodeni aseMexico, isisekelo sasiyi- maxtlatl, ibhande eligoqiwe elimboza izitho zangasese futhi liphawule isici sempucuko uma liqhathaniswa nabantu abahlukana nalo; yayilekelelwa i-tilmatli, ikepisi elingunxande elingaboshelwa ezindaweni ezihlukene. Indlela yokugqoka i-tilma yembula isikhundla namalungelo.
I-tilmatli yayigqokwe ngokuyinhloko njengejazi, ngokuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene: iboshwe eceleni kwehlombe elilodwa nangaphansi kwekhwapha lomunye, ivumela izingalo zamahhala; igqoke emuva, njenge-cape ngaphansi kwentamo, isici sabakhethiweyo nabapristi; kanye nesimo esingavamile, esiwela phezu kwehlombe elilodwa, asisebenzi kangako ngoba sinciphisa ingalo eyodwa. Ubude bubuye bakhulume ngesimo: ubude beqakala kwakuwuphawu lokuhlonishwa noma isikhundla..
Emkhakheni wezempi, izivikelo ezihlukile nezembatho zanezelwa: igobolondo lendwangu phezu kwe-maxtlatl ukuze kuvikelwe izitho zangasese, amasudi agcwele umzimba ahlotshisiwe emizimba esezingeni eliphakeme, izigqoko zokuzivikela ezisesimweni sezilwane, kanye nohlobo oluthile lohlaka lwe-dorsal lapho kwakubanjwe khona amaphepha, izimpaphe, noma izindwangu, okwenza kube khona. I-vest ene-cotton-padded yayiyisihluthulelo ngokumelene nokusikwa kwe-baton..
Ukubukeka komuntu siqu nako ukuxhumana. Abesifazane babenezinwele ezinde futhi baqoqene zaba ama-bangs angaphambili; i-auiani—abesifazane abanokuziphatha okuxekethile—bayigqokile. Yayimnyama ngodaka noma ngezitshalo ezinjenge- xiuhquílitl, eyayiyenza ibe namathoni ansomi. Kwabesilisa, izinwele zezinwele zazihluka ngokuya ngeminyaka kanye nokufaneleka kweqhawe, ukusika noma ukuvumela izingidi zikhule zinencazelo..
Mayelana nokuhloba, babekhetha amacici, imigexo, amasongo, namaribhoni anemibala ngokwemali yabo; ngezikhathi ezikhethekile, babezipenda nge-ocher nephuzi. Amadoda ayegqoke kancane ngaphandle kwezifanekiselo zesikhundla noma izimpumelelo, kanye nezimonyo ezazigqamisa abapristi namaqhawe. Umzimba wonke wawusebenza njengekhanvasi yezenhlalo neyomkhosi..
Izicathulo zazimbalwa futhi zigcinelwe imigubho; izimbadada ezenziwe ngemicu yezitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside zazivame kakhulu. Isikhumba esiqinile sasingavamile ngenxa yamasu okushukwa angajwayelekile, agcinelwe abantu abakhethekile futhi ahlotshiswe ngezimpaphe neqabunga legolide. Ukuhamba ungagqokanga zicathulo kwakungeyona into engavamile, futhi izimbadada zazifeza indima ethile..
Kunobufakazi bezilimi nezahlulelo zokuziphatha kusukela ngaleso sikhathi: amasiko emizi ethile ayesolwa ngokungagqoki i-maxtlatl; baze babhuqa abaveza izitho zabo zangasese begijima. Izinkulumo zendawo zothando nazo zisekhona, njengegama elithi "aña," elihlotshaniswa nokuthanda abantu basedolobheni. Ukugqoka kwakuphilwa ngemithetho engabhalwanga kanye nokucwasa okucacile.
Kusukela ekuhlanganeni ne-Europe kuya ekuhlanganisweni kwezindwangu
Ngemva kokunqoba, ama-friars akhuthaza amahembe kakotini namabhulukwe amadoda asanda kubhapathizwa, ngaphandle kokuqeda ngokuphelele i-maxtlatl ne-tilmatli. Isithombe sikaSanta Juan Diego nge-tilma yakhe sichaza lokhu kuqhubeka okulukiwe phakathi kwemihlaba emibili. I- sombrero yaduma ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-17. Abesifazane, ngenxa yokufana kwabo nezimfashini zase-Hispanic, bazivumelanisa kancane, bengeza izindwangu zokumboza amakhanda abo emikhosini..
Ngokuhambisanayo, i- ukwethulwa koboya nosilika yacebisa i-repertoire. Ukotini waqhubeka nokubusa ezindaweni ezifudumele, kuyilapho uvolo wathola umhlabathi ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinama-sarape neziketi. Kamuva, i-artisela yahlanganiswa nama-huipiles nama-quexquemetles. I-fusion ayizange isuse amasu angaphambilini; yawaguqula futhi yawandisa..
Izingubo zesithonjana: kusuka ku-huipil kuya ku-rebozo
I-huipil—yendabuko yendabuko—ibhulawuzi elingenamikhono noma ingubo eyenziwe ngezingcezu zendwangu engunxande ethungwe, enezimbobo zezingalo nekhanda. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngekotini noma uvolo futhi kuhlotshiswe nge-motifs enamandla. I-geometry yayo elula iphambene nokunotha kokufekethisiwe kwayo..
I-quexquemetl, yendabuko yangaphambi kwe-Hispanic, idalwe ngokuhlanganisa onxande ababili ukuze yakhe i-poncho encane enembobo phezulu. Ihlotshaniswa namakhalenda nemikhosi yezolimo, yenziwe ngoboya noma ukotini futhi ihlotshiswe ngezilwane nezimbali. Yingubo yase-altare elandisa ngemijikelezo yomhlaba..
I-rebozo, umkhiqizo wokuzalanisa, iyindwangu ende, ewunxande efana nesikhafu eyenziwe ngokotini, uvolo, noma usilika. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwansuku zonke kusuka ekumbozeni amahlombe kuye ekuthwaleni izingane, futhi ileyisi yayo noma ama-ruffles ahlanganisa izitayela zobuciko ezibonakalayo. Isebenza, inhle futhi inothando, i-rebozo ihamba nawe impilo yakho yonke..
Njenge-counterpoint yesilisa ebonakala kakhulu, i-sarape yavela ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene njengejazi le-poncho elinemibala eminingi. Futhi uma sikhuluma ngezithombe, isigqoko se-charro—esinomphetho obanzi nesilevu—sivikela abagibeli bamahhashi nama-mariachi elangeni, ngaphezu kokuba uphawu lwesizwe. Izinkinobho ze-Filigree nezesiliva ziqedela lo mkhakha wezohwebo..
Izithonjana zesifunda ezaba yizimpawu
E-Veracruz, imvunulo ye-jarocho ihlukaniswa nombala wayo omhlophe okhanyayo kubo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane, okuxhunyaniswa nemikhosi yokuhlanza kanye nenjabulo yendodana (umsindo womculo); Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu semvunulo yabesifazane yikama elinezimbali emabhanini abo: abesifazane abashadile bagqoka kwesokudla futhi abesifazane abangashadile bagqoka kwesokunxele. Umbala omhlophe, uleyisi kanye ne-rebozo kweluka ubunikazi bogu.
I-Jalisco charro-ijazi elifushane elinezinkinobho zesiliva, ibhulukwe eliqinile, nesigqoko esiyisikhumbuzo-ichaza isithombe se-mariachi ne-cowboy; imvelaphi yakhona iwukusebenziseka kanye nokufuya izinkomo, manje isikhuphukele ekugqokeni okusemthethweni. Ngokuhambisanayo, "ingubo yase-china poblana" ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi umlingani wesifazane, nakuba indawo yayo engokomfanekiso ingeyasePuebla; e-Jalisco, umlando wabesifazane ugqokiswe ngemibala egqamile enama-ruffles namaribhoni. Kusukela emsebenzini wasemaphandleni kuya ekugqokeni kwemikhosi, i-charrería iyisiko eliphilayo.
Kusukela e-Oaxaca, imvunulo yaseTehuana—i-huipil efekethisiwe nepitikoti elicijile, ehambisana nobucwebe be-filigree—, ethandwa kakhulu Frida Kahloibungaza amandla abesifazane base-Isthmus yaseTehuantepec; isifunda ngasinye sase-Oaxacan sinikela ngama-nuances aso: i-Mixtec, i-Sierra Norte, ne-Valles Centrales. Igama elilodwa, elithi Tehuana, lifingqa ukuziqhenya nokuzimisela..
I-china poblana, nebhulawuzi layo elimhlophe nesiketi esigcwele, esimibalabala, inomlando othakazelisayo: ihlotshaniswa nomfanekiso kaMirra, ogqilazwe eNdiya, walethwa eNew Spain, futhi wabhapathizwa uCatarina de San Juan. Ugcine isitayela sakhe sokugqoka esigqugquzelwe i-sari, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sithombe sazisa isithombe se-Puebla. Umlando, inganekwane kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko kuhlangana kule silhouette.
Amasu, imicu kanye nodayi: inhliziyo yomsebenzi wezandla
Ezikhathini zangaphambi kweSpanishi, izingcweti zazisebenza nge-ixtle (maguey), imicu yesundu sasendle (izcotl), nokotini—kokubili okumhlophe nokunsundu okubizwa ngokuthi i-coyuche. Ngesikhathi sobukoloni, kwafika uvolo nezikelemu zikasilika, okwadala amadamaski, ama-satin, ama-velvet nama-rebozo kanokusho. Namuhla, imiphakathi eminingi yokufekethisa isebenzisa usilika wokwenziwa. I-fiber ngayinye inikeza i-drape, imfudumalo, ukukhanya, kanye nendaba yokwabelana..
Ukuphotha okuphothayo kusadumile: induku ubude obungamasentimitha angama-30 kanye nobumba, ukhuni, noma ukuphotha amathambo kusetshenziswa ukusonta nokusonta intambo; ukuqala isigaba sokuqala kudinga ikhono elikhulu. Abapholi bashintsha lo msebenzi ngemisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke, baze baphothe nokuphotha ngosizo lwezinyawo zabo. Ukuphotha kuyisigqi, ukubekezela kanye nenkumbulo ekuhambeni.
Indwangu yokweluka ingemuva, ithuluzi eliyisihluthulelo, ihlanganiswa ngezingcezu zokhuni ezixegayo; i-warp yeluliwe yaqina phakathi kwesigxobo nokhalo lomeluki, oweluka ehlezi phansi futhi olawula ukungezwani ngomzimba wakhe. Ububanzi bukhawulelwe ngokufinyelela kwengalo, ngakho-ke ububanzi obujwayelekile buba ngu-60 cm. Inqubo ikhawulela ububanzi, kodwa hhayi umcabango we-motifs.
Ngokuphathelene nombala nomfanekiso, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okubomvu, okunsomi, okuwolintshi, nokumnyama kuyagqama. Nakuba odayi be-aniline besetshenziswa namuhla ukuze basebenziseke, odayi bendabuko abanjenge-indigo, umnenke onsomi, i-cochineal, nembewu efana ne-achiote bayaqhubeka. Umbala awuhlobi kuphela: ulandisa ngezinhlu zozalo, amazwe kanye nemikhuba.
Uhlolojikelele ngezwe: amasudi kanye nezici
Aguascalientes
Abesifazane bagqoka iziketi ezinde namabhulawuzi afekethisiwe—ngezinye izikhathi ehlanganiswa—kanye ne-rebozo njengomngane wabo ongenakuhlukaniswa; izimpande zabo zabalimi zikhona kakhulu. Izindleko ezilinganiselwe ziphakathi kuka-800 no-1.500 MXN.
I-Baja California
Ngenxa yokudalwa kwayo kwakamuva njengendawo yombuso kanye nemvelo yayo yasemadolobheni-amasiko amaningi, akukasungulwa imvunulo eyodwa yendabuko; izingubo ezinethonya laseMexico zingatholakala emabhizinisini endawo. Isimanjemanje somngcele kusetha ithoni yobuhle.
I-Baja California Sur
Ingubo ebomvu enembali ye-pitahaya—i-cactus ewuphawu lwenhlonhlo—ivelele, eyaziwa kahle ngokuthi isudi yembali ye-pitahaya. Ukuziqhenya kwesayensi yezitshalo nesifunda esithombeni esisodwa.
Campeche
Kwabesifazane, i-huipil nesiketi eside esine-embroidery; okwabesilisa, amahembe kakotini namabhulukwe amhlophe. Ifa lama-Mayan lihlangana namafa wamakoloni. Izintengo zivame ukusuka ku-1.500 kuye ku-3.000 MXN nangaphezulu..
Chiapas
Umbala, ukukhululeka, kanye nokuthungwa kubusa: ama-huipiles, iziketi ezicijile, namatshali abesifazane; mantas amadoda. Kusukela e-Parachico yase-Chiapa de Corzo kuya kwezingubo ze-Tzotzil ezinezimbali ezifekethisiwe nezinyoni, ingumnyuziyamu ophilayo. Amasethi angasukela ku-2.000 kuye ku-5.000 MXN noma ngaphezulu.
Chihuahua
Izwe labafana bezinkomo lishiya uphawu lwalo: amabhuzu nezigqoko zamadoda; kwabesifazane, iziketi eziboshiwe namabhulawuzi ahambisanayo, isithelo somlando wombuso wokufuywa kwezinkomo. Ingubo esebenzayo yasensimini iba uphawu.
Coahuila
Amabhulawuzi anemibalabala, iziketi ezinde ezinezimbali, namatshali abesifazane; amahembe esintu namabhulukwe amadoda. Izintengo ezijwayelekile ziphakathi kuka-1.500 kuya ku-3.000 MXN.
Colima
Ngokuvamile bagqoka amabhulawuzi anemikhono emide neziketi eziboshiwe; bagqoke amahembe amhlophe namabhulukwe akotini. I-mestizo nengxube yesifunda ibusa kakhulu ekusikeni nasekuhlobiseni.
Durango
Phakathi kwamaTepehuane, izingubo zabesifazane ezifekethisiwe ezimibalabala ziyagqama, kuyilapho amadoda egqoka ama-manta aphuphile. Ingemuva elixubile libonakala kumaphethini nasezisekelini.
Isimo saseMexico
Owesifazane ugqoke isiketi esimnyama nebhande le-chincuete; amadoda agqoke ihembe likakotini elimhlophe kanye namabhulukwe. Izindleko ngokuvamile ziba phakathi kuka-1.000 no-2.500 MXN.
Ezinsizeni zemfundo, akuvamile ukuthola izinkomba zezemfundo noma izikhalazo zalezi zingubo, okubonisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo kwezemfundo. Izingubo nazo zingena ekilasini njengokuqukethwe kwamasiko.
Guanajuato
Izingubo zabesifazane ezinombala ogqamile ezinemininingwane ehlotshiswe ngesandla kanye neziketi ezigcwele; abesifazane babegqoke ihembe elimhlophe namabhulukwe amnyama. Izintengo ezivamile: 1.500 kuya ku-3.000 MXN noma ngaphezulu.
Guerrero
Emiphakathini ye-Tlapanec, ama-tunics (cueitl) anezimpawu zokuzala, izimbali nezinto zenganekwane kuhlangana nokunye okuhlukile kwesifunda. Izingubo zomkhosi ziyaqhubeka nokushaya emikhosini nasemicikilishweni.
Hidalgo
Amabhulawuzi anemikhono emide, iziketi ezinemiphetho, namatshali abesifazane; izingubo zokulala ezimhlophe zamadoda. Izindwangu kanye nemifekethiso kugcina inkumbulo ye-Otomi-Tepehua.
Jalisco
Abesifazane bagqoka izingubo zendabuko ezineleyisi namaribhoni; amadoda agqoka amasudi e-charro anezigqoko namabhuzu. Amanani asukela ku-2.000 kuye ku-10.000 MXN noma ngaphezulu kuye ngekhwalithi..
I-Michoacán
Ama-blouse afekethisiwe, iziketi ezinemibala eminingi, namashali; kuwo wonke umphakathi wasePurépecha, umbala kanye nomklamo kudlulisa izincazelo ezingokomoya noma zomndeni. Uzothola amasethi kusuka ku-1.500 kuya ku-3.000 MXN.
Ama-Morelos
Amabhulawuzi afekethisiwe neziketi ezifingqiwe zabesifazane; izingubo zokulala ezimhlophe zamadoda. Isiko le-mestizo likaMorelos liqhubeka nokusikeka nezindwangu.
I-Nayarit
Izingubo ze-Wixárika zibonakala ngamahembe namabhulukwe ahlotshiswe ngezimpawu ezingcwele (izinyamazane, i-peyote, ummbila), kanye nobhaka oboshwe ngezandla. Inombolo nombala wamajosaka kubonisa izinga lomphakathi..
Nuevo León
Ijakhethi yesikhumba, iziketi ezigcwele namabhuzu, zikhona kakhulu emidansweni yomculo wesintu. Ubuhle obusenyakatho buyabonakala ukusuka endaweni eyimayela.
Oaxaca
Ama-Huipiles, iziketi ezinomphetho, kanye nokwehluka okukhulu ngokwesifunda: I-Tehuanas evela e-Isthmus, imiklamo ye-Mixtec, noma leyo evela e-Sierra. I-Guelaguetza yenza lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibonakale esiteji.
Puebla
Ama-blouses ahlotshisiwe (ama-huipiles) neziketi ezinde ezinezintambo zabesifazane; izingubo zokulala ezimhlophe zamadoda. Izindleko ezijwayelekile: 1.500 kuya ku-3.000 MXN nangaphezulu.
Queretaro
Isiketi esifekethisiwe kanye nehembe lekotini eline-apron ye-cambaya kanye nezimbadada zokubopha; evame ukukhonjwa njengemvunulo ye-Otomi. Izindwangu zendabuko nezicathulo ziqedela ukuhlanganisa..
Quintana Roo
Imvunulo yesifunda evela ku-Chiclera, enezithombe eziningi zejazi lezingalo lombuso—umnenke, inkanyezi—ependwe noma efekethisiwe. Ithonya leCaribbean neMayan lishiya uphawu lwalo.
San Luis Potosi
E-Huasteca, kugqokwa amabhulawuzi afekethisiwe, iziketi ezinde, ne-dhayemlaab, uhlobo lwe-poncho; amadoda agqoke izingubo zokulala ezimhlophe. Izintengo azivamile ukwehla ngaphansi kuka-1.500 MXN.
Sinaloa
Phakathi kwezimbalwa, imvunulo yembali ye-amapa igqama, igqugquzelwe imbali eningi evela kuhulumeni. Isayensi yezitshalo yasendaweni iphakeme yaba uphawu lwendwangu.
Sonora
Ngaphezu kobuhle obuqinile be-cowboy, isiko le-Yaqui linikeza izingubo ezilula, ezimibalabala ezinobunikazi bawo. Umngcele kanye nezomdabu kuhlala ndawonye ekhabetheni le-Sonoran..
Tabasco
Ama-blouse ahlotshisiwe neziketi ezimibalabala zabesifazane; amahembe amhlophe namabhulukwe ukotini amadoda. Ithonya elishisayo liphinde lihlotshiswe ngendwangu. Isiko leZoque ishiya iminonjana ebonakalayo kwezinye izimo zesifunda.
I-Tamaulipas
Ingubo ehlukile i-cuera: ihembe elide, elixegayo elisebenza njengesambatho esisemthethweni semicimbi. Isikhumba kanye ne-sober cut, ubuhle obusenyakatho.
Tlaxcala
Ama-blouses ahlotshisiwe neziketi ze-lace zabesifazane; izingubo zokulala ezimhlophe zamadoda. Imininingwane ethambile yesiko elihlangene.
Veracruz
Iziketi ezigcwele, amabhulawusi eleyisi, namashali; amadoda agqoka ama-guayabera amhlophe namabhulukwe anombala okhanyayo. I-jarocho umculo owenziwe waba ikhabethe lezingubo.
Yucatán
Isudi ye-mestizo—i-doublet, i-huipil, ne-fustian—ibonisa izimbali eziphambanayo; okwabesilisa, i-guayabera, ibhulukwe elimnyama, nesigqoko. Amanani: Amasudi asuka ku-2.000 MXN; ama-guayabera phakathi kuka-500 no-1.500 MXN.
Zacatecas
Ama-blouse ahlotshisiwe neziketi ezimibalabala zabesifazane; amahembe amhlophe namabhulukwe akotini, ngezinye izikhathi anevest nesigqoko samadoda. Indawo yezimayini igqokela igala lesifunda. Bheka futhi isihloko esithi Izingubo zeZacatecas ngemininingwane yendawo.
Amaphathi, ama-catwalks kanye nokufinyelela
Izingubo zesifunda azihlali nje ezindlini zokubonisa noma kumamnyuziyamu: zibonakala ezikoleni ngesikhathi semigubho yomphakathi, emibukisweni yasendaweni, nasemicimbini emikhulu yezivakashi njenge-Guelaguetza. Baphinde baba khona emiqhudelwaneni yonobuhle, okwenza babonakale kwabezindaba. Ukuwagqokisa akugqoki: kuwukuhlonipha umphakathi othile..
Ingxoxo phakathi kwesiko kanye nemboni yezemfashini ikhulile. Abaklami abafana no-Carla Fernández, u-Lydia Lavín, no-Armando Mafud basebenzisana nemiphakathi yezingcweti ukuze bachaze kabusha amasu nama-silhouette kuyilapho begcina inhlonipho ngezinqubo zendwangu. Ukusebenzisana okunomthwalo wemfanelo kungakhulisa futhi kuvikele amagugu.
Imibukiso efana nokuthi “Ubuciko Bezingubo Nemfashini e-Mexico, 1940–2015,” eyethulwa izikhungo zamasiko (i-Fomento Cultural Banamex, Secretaría de Cultura/INAH, El Palacio de Hierro, kanye neVogue México), ilethe imfashini nezingubo zomdabu ubuso nobuso ukuze zihlole imvelaphi yazo nezinkulumo zesimanjemanje. Lokho “buso nobuso” kwembula isiko ngendlela yalo yokugqoka.
Ezinhlelweni zokuhlela, i-"Roots of Fashion" ivuselela izindaba zezingubo nezinsiza-ama-rebozo, ama-huaraches, ama-filigree, nezigqoko ze-charro-igcizelela ukubaluleka kwakho nokuhlonipha i-Mexico ngamakhanda anjengokuthi "Ilotho." Kuyi-encyclopedia ephilayo yezindwangu nemisebenzi yezandla yaseMexico..
Okokugcina, ukufinyelela emphakathini nakho kunesici semfundo nokuqeqeshwa: kusukela kuzinsiza zokufunda umlando namasiko nabafundisi abazimele kuya kokuqukethwe okuhlanganisa izingubo kumaphrojekthi wesikole. Ulwazi lwendwangu ludluliselwa kokubili eshabhu nasekilasini.
Ukuhlola izingubo zomdabu zase-Mexican ngokujulile ukuthola ukuqonda emakhulwini eminyaka okuhlanganiswa, amasu okucophelela, kanye nokulandisa kwesifunda okuhlala kushintsha. Kusukela ku-huipil kuya ku-charro, kusukela ku-backstrap kuya ekufekethisweni kukasilika, kusukela eTehuana kuya eJarocho, yonke into idweba imephu yamasiko eyenziwe ngemicu, odayi kanye nenkumbulo eyabiwe eqhubeka nokukhuthaza labo abayiphetheyo, ukuyidala nokufunda.
