Imizwa iyingxenye ebalulekile yomuntu.. Ziyizimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo esizizwayo lapho sibhekene nezisusa ezithile, futhi zithonya ngokuqondile ukuziphatha kwethu, indlela yethu yokucabanga, kanye nempilo yethu yengqondo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izazi ziye zazama ukukhomba izinhlobo zemizwa kanye indlela yokuziqonda, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokuzichaza, okubangela imibono namamodeli ahlukene asasebenza nanamuhla.
Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuba umhlahlandlela ophelele futhi onemininingwane mayelana nemizwa, Izinhlobo zabo, imisebenzi, izigaba kanye nendlela ezihlobana ngayo nezinye izifundazwe njengemizwa noma imizwa. Kuwo wonke umbhalo, sizobuyekeza amathiyori ayinhloko engqondo, amamodeli akamuva kakhulu, imithelela yawo empilweni yemizwa, nokunye okuningi. Kuwukuqukethwe okunezifiso, okuqinile, futhi okufinyelelekayo okuzokusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi imizwa yakho isebenza kanjani nokuthi ungayiphatha kanjani. Ukuze ujule kulesi sici sokugcina, ungabonisana ukuthi ungayithuthukisa kanjani ukuphathwa ngokomzwelo.
Iyini imizwa futhi kungani ibalulekile?
Imizwa iwukusabela kwe-psychophysiological ezibonakala njengempendulo ku-stimu yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle. Lezi yizinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuthi yenza kusebenze izinguquko emzimbeni wethu (ngokomzimba), engqondweni yethu (ngokwengqondo) kanye ekuziphatheni kwethu (ukuziphatha). Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sizwa ukwesaba ingozi eseduze, umzimba wethu uyashesha, sichaza isisusa njengosongo, futhi ukuziphatha kwethu kuvame ukubaleka noma ukuzivikela.
Ngokusho kweRoyal Spanish Academy, imizwa i ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa okunamandla kanye nesikhashana okuhambisana nokushaqeka kwe-somatic. Ngokombono wengqondo, nawo anomsebenzi oguquguqukayo, osivumela ukuthi sisabele ngokushesha ezimeni ezingase zibe yingozi noma ithuba. Ukuze uqonde kangcono lo mqondo, kuyathakazelisa ukuhlaziya indlela kaDaniel Goleman ukuhlakanipha kwengqondo.
URobert Plutchik, omunye wababhali abanethonya elikhulu kulo mkhakha, uthi imizwa ibalulekile ukuze uphile, njengoba ivumela izinto eziphilayo ukuba zizivumelanise ngokuphumelelayo nezinguquko endaweni ezungezile. Eqinisweni, izilwane eziningi nazo ziba nemizwelo eyisisekelo ngendlela efanayo neyabantu.
Izingxenye zomzwelo
Yonke imizwelo yakhiwe izici ezintathu eziyisisekelo:
- Ukusabela komzimba: icupha izimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo ezifana nokwenyuka kwesilinganiso senhliziyo, ukujuluka, ukuqina kwemisipha, noma izinguquko zamahomoni. Lokhu kusabela kuncike ohlelweni lwe-limbic, ikakhulukazi i-amygdala.
- Ukuhlola kwengqondo: ukucutshungulwa kokuqaphela kanye/noma ukuquleka kwesimo. Sihlaziya okwenzekayo futhi sikunikeze incazelo eqondile.
- Inkulumo yokuziphatha: ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle komzwelo ngokuthinta komzimba, isimo sobuso, ithoni yezwi noma ukunyakaza komzimba.
Imizwa eyisisekelo noma eyisisekelo
Imizwa eyinhloko ikhona yonke indawo, izalwa futhi ivela ngokuzenzakalelayo. kubo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki isiko labo noma indawo yenhlalo. UPaul Ekman wayengomunye wabokuqala ukuhlonza isethi yemizwa eyisisekelo ebonakala ngesimo sabo sobuso esithile.
Imizwa eyisisekelo eyamukelwa kakhulu eyisithupha yilena:
- Injabulo: ikhiqiza inhlalakahle, amandla amahle, ukuxhumana nokwaneliseka. Isiza ukuphinda ukuziphatha okuzuzisayo.
- Ira: kuvela ezimeni esizibona njengezingalungile noma ezisabisayo. Ilungiselela umzimba ukulwa futhi isinika amandla okubhekana nezinsongo.
- Usizi: iphendula ekulahlekelweni, ekuhlulekeni noma ekuphoxekeni. Kusiholela ekuhoxeni, ekucabangeni nasekwamukelweni.
- Ukwesaba: yenziwe yasebenza lapho kubhekene nengozi yangempela noma ecatshangwayo. Kuwumzwelo ovikelayo osiqhubezela ukuba sibaleke noma sizivikele.
- Asco (ukuzonda): ukwenqaba okuzenzakalelayo kwezinto eziyingozi, eziyingozi noma ezinyanyekayo. Kusisiza ukuba sigweme ukungcoliswa okungenzeka noma umonakalo.
- Isimanga: ukusabela okufushane kwesisusa esingalindelekile. Yenza kusebenze izinzwa zakho bese uhlola ngokushesha ukuthi isimo sihle noma sibi.
Olunye ucwaningo lwakamuva, olufana nalolo oluvela eNyuvesi yaseGlasgow, lunciphisa inani lemizwelo eyisisekelo iye kwemine, ukuhlanganisa ukwesaba nokumangala kube isigaba esisodwa, noma iqoqe izinkulumo ezifanayo ngaphansi komzwelo owodwa.
Imizwa yesibili
Imizwelo yesibili noma eyinkimbinkimbi ikhula isuka emizweni eyinhloko, kodwa ithonywa yizici zezenhlalo, zamasiko nezomuntu siqu.. Zitholwa lapho umuntu ezihlanganisa nabantu futhi efunda ngokusebenzisa isipiliyoni.
Imizwa yesibili ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngesimo samasiko, ukufunda komuntu ngamunye kanye nesigaba sokuthuthuka. Bavela kusukela eminyakeni engu-2, nakuba beqashelwa ngokuqaphela kusukela eminyakeni engu-5. Isibonelo, ukuqonda ukuhlakanipha ngokomzwelo ezinganeni kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwabo ngokomzwelo.
Ezinye izibonelo zemizwa yesibili zihlanganisa:
- Amahloni: ukwesaba ukwahlulelwa noma ukugconwa emphakathini.
- Culpa: umuzwa wokuthi wenze okuthile okungalungile ngokuziphatha.
- Ukuziqhenya: ukwaneliseka ngezimpumelelo zomuntu, ezingaba nempilo noma zibe nobuthi.
- Ukubeka: kuxhumene nokwaneliseka kwezidingo nezifiso.
- Umhawu: ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa into esiyibheka njengeyethu.
Izinhlobo zemizwa: emihle, engemihle futhi engaqondakali
Ngokombono wokusebenza, imizwa ingabuye ihlukaniswe njengenhle, engeyinhle, engathathi hlangothi, noma engaqondakali. Lokhu kuhlukana akusho ukuthi abanye bangcono kunabanye, kodwa lokho ibhekisela emthelela wako jikelele enhlalakahleni yethu.
Imizwa emihle
Banikela enhlalakahleni engokwengqondo, ugqozi kanye nentuthuko yomuntu siqu. Ezinye zazo yilezi:
- Amor
- Ukubonga
- Ithemba
- Ukuziqhenya okuhle
- Ukuqiniseka
Imizwelo engemihle
Yizo lezo azikhululekile, zibuhlungu noma azijabulisi. Nokho, basenemisebenzi ebalulekile njengokuxwayisa, ukuvikela noma ukuzivumelanisa nezimo. Izibonelo:
- Umona
- Culpa
- Ukuthotshiswa
- Ukudelela
- Intukuthelo engalawuleki
Imizwa engacacile noma engathathi hlangothi
Azibonwa ngokucacile njengezihle noma ezimbi, njengoba ukuthonya kwayo ngokomzwelo kuncike kumongo. Ukumangala kuyisibonelo esicacile: kungaphela ngenjabulo noma ukwesaba kuye ngesimo.
Izigaba zesayensi ezengeziwe
URobert Plutchik uhlongoze enye yezinhlobo ezinethonya kakhulu zokuhlukaniswa kwemizwelo: "Isondo Lemizwa". Ihlanganisa imizwa ibe ngamapheya aphikisanayo futhi ikhombe imizwa eyisishiyagalombili eyisisekelo: injabulo, ukudabuka, ukwethemba, ukunengeka, ukwesaba, intukuthelo, ukumangala, nokulindela.
Ukuhlanganisa le mizwa kudala imizwelo eyinkimbinkimbi efana nale:
- Amor: injabulo + ukuzethemba
- Ukuqiniseka: injabulo + ukulindela
- Ukuzisola: ukudabuka + ukunengeka
- Ukudelela: intukuthelo + ukunengeka
- Ukwethusa: ukwesaba + ukumangala
Imizwa yezenhlalo, yokuziphatha kanye neyobuhle
Enye indlela yokuhlukanisa imizwa yesibili ngokwezigaba ngokuya ngohlobo lwempendulo noma ukuxhumana okubandakanyayo:
imizwa yomphakathi
Badinga ubukhona noma ireferensi kwabanye abantu:
- Ukuziqhenya
- Ukubonga
- Amahloni
- Umhawu
Imizwa yokuziphatha
Okuhlobene nezimiso zokuziphatha namagugu:
- Culpa
- Intukuthelo
- Ububele
Imizwa yobuhle
Zivela ebusweni bokubonakaliswa kobuciko noma ubuhle:
- Ukuhlwithwa
- Ukubabaza
- Nostalgia
Umehluko phakathi kwemizwa, imizwa kanye nemizwa
Kuvamile ukudida le miqondo emithathu. Nakuba ehlobene eduze, anomehluko ocacile:
- Umzwelo es ngokushesha, okukhulu futhi kufushane. Kuyazenzakalela futhi ngokuvamile kuvusa impendulo engokomzimba.
- Umuzwa yiyona ukuhumusha okunengqondo nokude womzwelo. Inengxenye eqaphelayo.
- Isimo Kuyinto a isimo somzwelo esijwayelekile, ubude besikhathi eside futhi ngaphandle kwesisusa esithile.
Imisebenzi yemizwa
Imizwelo Akuzona kuphela izimpendulo ezizenzakalelayo, kodwa zenza imisebenzi eguquguqukayo kakhulu.:
- Umsebenzi we-Adaptive: vumela impendulo esheshayo ezinguqukweni zemvelo.
- Umsebenzi womphakathi: lula ukuxhumana okungenamazwi nokuzwelana.
- Umsebenzi wokugqugquzela: Zisishukumisela ukuba senze okuthile, sigweme izingozi noma sifune imivuzo.
Ubuhlakani bemizwa nokuphathwa kwemizwelo
Ubuhlakani bomzwelo busho ikhono lokuhlonza, ukuqonda nokulawula imizwelo yomuntu siqu neyabanye.. Yathandwa nguDaniel Goleman futhi ibhekwa njengebalulekile enhlalakahleni engokwengqondo nobudlelwano obunempilo.
Izingxenye zayo yilezi:
- Ukuzazi
- Ukuzithiba
- Ukugqugquzela
- Uzwela
- Amakhono omphakathi
Kukhona amasu amaningi ukuze sebenza ekulawuleni imizwa like:
- I-psychoeducation yemizwa
- Ukucabangela nokuzindla
- Ukubhala okuvezayo
- Ukwelashwa kwezobuciko (ukudweba, umculo)
- Imfundo yezocansi ebuntwaneni
- Ukwesekwa kochwepheshe lapho kudingeka
Kuyacaca ukuthi imizwa Zingaphezu nje kokusabela okulula. Ziyisisekelo sempilo yethu kanye nesipiliyoni senhlalo, futhi ukufunda ukuzibona nokuyiphatha kuyikhono elibalulekile lokuphila impilo eyanelisayo, elinganiselayo, nenengqondo. Ukuqonda ukuthi zenziwa kanjani, Ukuthi zivezwa kanjani, imuphi umsebenzi eziwenzayo, nokuthi singazihambisa kanjani ngendlela efanele kungenye yezihluthulelo zempilo yengqondo kanye nempilo enhle jikelele.