Izingodo
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Wood kuye kwahlelwa ukumelana kwayo, ukuqina, ukuguquguquka, ukulondolozwa nokuqina, okukuvumela ukuba kube impahla eluhlaza ukuze isetshenziswe kumaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene afana: ukwakhiwa kwamapulangwe, amaphaneli nama-canopies. Futhi, ifenisha ehlukahlukene yokuhlobisa ingaphakathi, njengalezi: amakhabethe akhelwe ngaphakathi, amatafula, imibhede, amashalofu, ifenisha yasekhishini, iminyango, nezinye ifenisha kanye nemihlobiso yokuhambisana nomhlobiso futhi ivelele endaweni ngayinye lapho ifakwe khona.
Izinhlobo Zezinkuni zihlelwa noma zihlelwe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu, lawa: "izinkuni ezithambile kanye nezinkuni eziqinile". Eqenjini lezinhlobo ze-Soft Woods, kukhona: imisedari, i-pine ne-fir, phakathi kwabanye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iqembu lezinkuni eziqinile lihlanganisa: i-walnut, i-oki, i-cherry ne-beech tree wood.
Ngaphandle kwalezi zici nokuhlukaniswa, kunezinye izici ezihluka ngohlobo ngalunye lwezinkuni. Lezi zici kanye nama-nuances ahlukile yilezi: umbala wokhuni, amafindo abanawo, imithambo; izici ezivumela ukukhetha uhlobo lwezinkuni ngokuvumelana nokuthandwa kanye nezidingo zohlobo lwefenisha noma isakhiwo ofuna ukusenza.
Izinkuni zakha ingxenye enkulu yesiqu sezihlahla. Ukwakhiwa kwezinkuni kusekelwe emicu ye-cellulose kanye ne-lignin. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ibisetshenziswa njengempahla yokwakhiwa kwezikhali. Khona-ke, lapho isetshenziswa kanye nensimbi, yandisa ukwakhiwa kwezinto eziye zasiza ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwabantu, kungaba: izikebhe, amakalishi, ifenisha, izindlu, nezinye izinto eziwusizo.
Umuntu ubuye wayisebenzisa njengento yokubasa evuselelekayo, ebizwa ngokuthi izinkuni zokubasa, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukushisa, umlilo nokukhanya. Ngokunjalo, icutshungulwe iyimpahla eluhlaza ukuze kukhiqizwe i-pulp yephepha. Ukuze uthole izinkuni ezihlahleni, izinyathelo eziningana okufanele zigcwaliseke, yilezi: 1. Gawula umuthi; 2. Hlukanisa isiqu emagatsheni kanye namagxolo esiqwini noma okhunini; 3. Sika i-trunk futhi 4. Hlukanisa izinkuni futhi zome noma zikhiphe amanzi.
Izinhlobo Zezinkuni
Umehluko phakathi kwezinkuni unqunywa izinhlobo zezihlahla. Ukuhlukaniswa okusetshenziselwa kakhulu ukukhombisa Uhlobo Lwezinkuni luhlotshaniswa nobunzima bokhuni, okuyinto, njengoba kubonisiwe ngaphambili, ibahlukanisa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: izinkuni ezithambile neziqinile. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, amadoda ayesebenzisa ukhuni oluqinile ukuze akhe izimbazo. Ngenkathi ukhuni oluthambile lwalusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinti noma izinti.
izinkuni ezinzima
Izinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhula kancane zikhiqiza izingodo ezinesiqu esiminyene noma ukhuni olumelana kakhulu nesimo sezulu kunokhuni oluthambile. Ochwepheshe bamahlathi baye banquma ukuthi iningi lezinhlobo zezihlahla zokhuni oluqinile ziyizihlahla ezivuthulukayo futhi zimbalwa kakhulu ezihlala ziluhlaza, ziyizinhlobo ezinenqubo ehamba kancane yokuvuthwa engathatha ngisho namakhulu eminyaka ukufika kuzo.
Ukhuni oluqinile lubiza kakhulu kunezinkuni ezithambile ngenxa yokukhula kancane kwezihlahla lapho ukhuni oluqinile luvunwa khona, okwandisa izindleko zalo. Ngalolu hlobo lwezinkuni, ifenisha, imishayo, izindlu, izinkuni eziqoshiwe noma ezinye izinto zikhiqizwa ezidinga ukhuni oluqinile, oluqinile, isici sokhuni lwe-beech, teak, hornbeam, lapacho, maple, walnut, oak nabanye. Izinkuni ze-Chestnut zinobunzima obuphakathi, ngakho-ke zingafakwa kuleli qembu lezinhlobo ezinokhuni oluqinile.
Izinkuni ezithambile
Izinhlobo ezehlukene zama-conifers nezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla ezikhula ngokushesha zingabakhiqizi bokhuni oluthambile. Ngenxa yokuthi kulula ukuyithola, izindleko ze-softwood zishibhile. Le softwood ayihlali isikhathi eside kunokhuni oluqinile. Lolu khuni luphathwa kalula kodwa lunesimo esibi sokuqhekeka. Inohlamvu oluncane kunokhuni oluqinile, okwenza ingabukeki kangako futhi ngenxa yalokho ngokuvamile kufanele ipendwe, ivanishiswe noma ifakwe ibala. Izinhlobo zikaphayini, i-birch, poplar, balsa, cypress nabanye. Izinkuni ze-Chestnut ziwubulukhuni obuphakathi futhi zingasetshenziswa njengokhuni oluthambile.
Izinhlobo Zesihlahla
Ngezansi amagama nezici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla, ukhuni lwazo noma isiqu siwela ohlwini lwezigaba zokhuni oluqinile kanye ne-softwood. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ze-softwood kukhona i-Pine, i-Fir, ne-Cedar. Phakathi kwamagama okhuni oluqinile kukhona iMaple, Beech, Mahogany, Teak, phakathi kwabanye.
I-Fir
Izinkuni zomuthi we-Fir ziwuhlobo lwe-softwood, lungatholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu, ngenxa yalesi sizathu sitholakala kalula emazweni afana neSpain. Isici salolu khuni umbala walo omhlophe ophuzi ophuzi, uwukhuni olulula ukuphatha. I-fir wood isetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ifenisha, izinsimbi zomculo kanye nokwakhiwa ukwenza iminyango namafasitela, ibonakala ngokuphikisana kwayo okuphezulu nomswakama.
Iphayini
Ukhuni lukaphayini luthambile, njengoba lunjalo namanye amaconifers. Ngenxa yokuthi ziyizinkuni ezithambile kakhulu, kulula ukuzisebenzisa futhi zingasetshenziswa ukwenza izithombe eziqoshiwe. I-pine wood ingenye yezinkuni ezonga kakhulu ezivame ukusetshenziswa ekwakheni. Namuhla, izinkuni eziningi ezithambile ziyaziwa ngegama elijwayelekile elithi "pine" futhi lapho zivaliwe, zithola ithoni enombala wezinyosi. Iwukhuni oluphatheka kalula futhi lunokuthungwa okufanayo, okulwenza lukhetheke kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe bokubaza ekwenzeni ifenisha, amaphaneli, nokubumba.
Ukhuni lomsedari
Uhlobo lwe-softwood lutholakala emisedarini. Izinhlobo zomsedari ezivame kakhulu zinombala wokhuni obomvu, ukhuni lwawo lunephunga elilula, luthambile kancane ngokuvumelana futhi lunohlamvu oluqondile. Izinhlobo zemisedari ezibomvu zasentshonalanga zinikeza izinkuni ezifunwa kakhulu zokwenza ifenisha nezinto zokusetshenziswa ngaphandle, ngoba ziphikisana nomswakama ngaphandle kokubola. Kuwukhuni olungabizi olusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha yasengadini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyathakazelisa ukwazi mayelana izinambuzane ezithinta izinkuni.
izinkuni ze-maple
Ukhuni lwesihlahla se-maple luwela esigabeni sokhuni oluqinile. Kuwukhuni olungatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, umbala walo ulula futhi iphimbo lalo lingaba amathoni amhlophe aphuzi kanye nepinki. Nakuba iwela esigabeni sokhuni oluqinile, ukhuni lwalo lunobulukhuni obuphakathi nendawo futhi luphila isikhathi esifushane. Nokho, isetshenziselwa ukwakha kanye nokwenza ifenisha nezinsimbi zomculo. Ukhuni lwawo alubhekwa njengebalulekile emakethe.
izinkuni ze-beech
Isihlahla se-beech sinokhuni oluqinile kakhulu. Lesi sihlahla sisatshalaliswa kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi kulula ukutholakala eSpain. Umbala wokhuni lwayo ubomvu futhi njengoba iguga iba mnyama. Naphezu kokuba ukhuni oluqinile, luyalawuleka, lusetshenziselwa ukwenza izinsimbi zomculo, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zefenisha. Iwukhuni oluqinile.
Ukhuni lomlotha
Lesi sihlahla esivela ezwekazini laseYurophu singatholakala nakwamanye amazwe aseMelika.Sinokhuni oluqinile lwekhwalithi enhle kakhulu, nokho, aluthathwa njengobalulekile. Umbala wayo unombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, ukhuni lwawo alukwazi ukumelana nokushaqeka nokugoba. Kuyizinkuni ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo zokusekela, ngokuvamile zisetshenziselwa iminyango yangaphakathi. Inomsebenzi wokuba nemicu eqondile kanye namafindo ayo afana namehlo e-partridge.
I-Walnut ebizayo
Ukuba izinkuni eziwela esigabeni esinzima, kubiza kakhulu. Lolu khuni luhlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi lunemithambo yesici. Umbala wokhuni lwawo umnyama nge-purple hue, ukhuni lwawo ngenxa yokuqina kwawo lumelana nokuqhekeka, ukushaywa futhi luhlangene kakhulu, ngakho lufanele ukusetshenziswa okuhlukile. Lolu khuni lusetshenziselwa ukwenza ifenisha, izindonga zodonga, phansi, iminyango, imihlobiso ehlukahlukene, izinto eziphendukile nokunye.
U-El Roble
Lolu khuni oluqinile lutholakala ngombala obomvu nomhlophe. Lezi zinkuni zitholakala kalula eSpain futhi zaziswa kakhulu ngokuba ngolunye lwezinkuni ezinzima kakhulu ezitholakala emakethe. Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kunzima ukuyilawula nokusebenza, iyinkuni enhle kakhulu futhi enobuhle enenani eliphezulu lezomnotho emakethe. Lolu godo lusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwefenisha kanokusho, uphahla lwamapulangwe ezindonga naphansi.
Izinkuni ze-Mahogany
Isihlahla se-mahogany sidabuka eMelika futhi izinkuni zaso zaqala ukuthakazelelwa ngabaseYurophu ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa kweNew World. Kuwukhuni olusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwefenisha ye-mahogany, umbala walolu godo unombala obomvu obomvu kuya obomvu obumnyama. Kuwukhuni oluqinile, olumelana nezikelemu zokhuni, olunohlamvu oluhle, luwukhuni oluqinile futhi luhle ukusebenza nalo futhi luyaziswa kakhulu ngabakhabhinethi. Izinkuni zayo zisetshenziselwa ukwenza phansi, ifenisha, izakhi zokuhlobisa zangaphakathi.
teak
I-teak iwukhuni oluqinile olwaziswa kakhulu phakathi kwababazi, umbala walo ujusi ophuzi ngokuthungwa okufanayo kanye nokusanhlamvu okulula. Uma kuvezwe ekukhanyeni kuba mnyama kancane, kuthole umbala onsundu ojulile, omuhle kakhulu futhi othandwa abantu. Lolu khuni luyamelana nokubola, izinambuzane, futhi kulula ukuluqhuba ngokushelela. Kuwukhuni olufanele ukwenza ifenisha nezakhiwo ezithwala imithwalo; imelana nemithelela nokugoba.
Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngemvelo, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde lokhu okuthunyelwe okulandelayo:
- Indlela yokunakekela iplanethi
- Ihlathi eliphansi
- amanzi olwandle
