Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Bezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuchelela

  • Amanzi abalulekile kwezolimo, ngakho amaphrojekthi okunisela aseduze nemithombo yemvelo.
  • Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuchelela, ngayinye inezici zayo, izinzuzo kanye nokubi.
  • Ukunisela nge-Drip and sprinkler kungokwesimanje futhi kuyasebenza, kodwa kudinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kokuqala.
  • Izinhlelo zokunisela zingadala imithelela engemihle kwezemvelo, njengokufakwa kukasawoti enhlabathini kanye nokwanda kwezinambuzane.
Infinita Naturaleza

Imizuzu ye-10

Amanzi awumthombo oyisisekelo wazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ngenxa yalokhu, lapho kwenziwa iphrojekthi yokwandisa ezolimo, itholakala eduze nemithombo yamanzi emvelo, ngale ndlela amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela izitshalo. Izindlela zokunisela ezihlukene zenzelwe, ezilungiselelwa izitshalo ezitshaliwe. Yazi Izinzuzo kanye Nobubi Bezinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuchelela.

IZINHLOBO ZOKUNKASA

Izinhlobo Zokuchelela

Ngokunisela, amanzi adingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwezitshalo anikezwa, ikakhulukazi uma engakwazi ukumbozwa ngamanzi emvula. Izinhlelo zokunisela ezihlukene zivumela ukwanda komkhiqizo wezolimo ngokuguqula indawo yezolimo enezilimo ezidla imvula ibe iphrojekthi yezolimo eniselwayo. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuchelela zilungele izindawo ezifana nezingadi, ama-nursery noma izindawo zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo ezinkulu zezitshalo.

Intuthuko yezolimo eniselwayo noma imiklamo yezolimo eniselwayo yenziwa ngokunikela kwenani lamanzi adingwa izitshalo ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokunisela okwenziwa. Ukuze kuqaliswe le phrojekthi yokunisela ngenkasa, kufanele kutshalwe imali ephezulu ekuqaleni kanye nengqalasizinda ethile yamanzi, okuhlanganisa: imisele, imisele yamanzi, amachibi, izifafazi nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nesiphakamiso esiningiliziwe sobuchwepheshe esilungiselwe izinsiza zezomnotho. yentuthuko yezolimo.

Amanzi, njengoba kwashiwo ngaphambili, abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okufanele kwezitshalo kanjalo nezolimo.Phakathi kwezitshalo ezitshalwa ngaphansi kokuniselwa, kugqama izihlahla zezithelo ezihlukahlukene, irayisi, imifino kanye nobhontshisi, uma sibala ezimbalwa. Ukutholakala kwayo kuhlobene nokwakhiwa kwe-biomass yezitshalo ezintsha. Isibonelo, ezitshalweni ezinjengotamatisi, amakhabe, amakhabe, ulethisi, inani lamanzi ngaphakathi kwalezi zitshalo likhulu kunama-90%. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi amanzi awumthombo obalulekile kanjani ekukhiqizeni ukudla okwengeziwe, nokho, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi awumthombo oncishiswayo.

Ingqalasizinda

Ukuze kufakwe Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zokuchelela, kunconywa lezi zinsiza ezilandelayo kanye nengqalasizinda: Amadamu noma ichibi lamanzi kanye nedamu lalo, amachibi amanzi, amaxhaphozi noma izindawo zokunisela noma zokuphambukisa, imithombo ejulile noma engashoni, iziteshi zokumpompa, imisele yamanzi, imigudu yamapayipi okudlula ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nohlelo lokudonsa amanzi. Ngokunjalo, uhlelo lokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okunisela ngamashaneli avulekile, amapayipi eziteshi kanye namanethiwekhi okusatshalaliswa anengcindezi.

Ngokusho kwezinsiza kanye nengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe, izinhlelo ezahlukene noma Izinhlobo zokuchelela zingasetshenziswa. Emisebenzini eminingi yezolimo (95%) indlela amanzi ahanjiswa ngayo iwuhlobo lwezikhukhula noma lokuchelela ngemisele. Ngaphezu kwalolu hlobo, olusetshenziswa kakhulu i-sprinkler irrigation system kanye ne-drip irrigation system.

Lezi zakamuva izindlela zokuchelela ezintsha kakhulu futhi ezidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuthe xaxa kokuqala kanye nokuphatha okujulile kunokusebenzisa imisele noma isistimu yokunisela ngaphandle, kodwa zombili izinhlelo, kokubili ukuconsa ne-sprinkler zizuza ekuphathweni okungcono nokonga amanzi futhi zixazulule izingqinamba. okuhlobene nokuchelela kwezitshalo, okuyizinhlobo zokunisela yilezi:

  • Ukuchelela ngemisele.
  • Ukunisela ngezikhukhula noma ukucwiliswa emanzini okwenziwa ezindaweni ezijulile ezitholakala phakathi kwamagquma amabili.
  • Isistimu yokuchelela ye-sprinkler. Ngalolu hlobo lokunisela amanzi afuthwa ebusweni bomhlaba kanye nezitshalo ezifana nomphumela wemvula.
  • Ukuchelela ngokungenela noma imisele yokuchelela
  • Ukunisela ngamaconsi okubizwa nangokuthi ukuchelela kwendawo. Phakathi nalokhu kuchelela, amanzi anikezwa ngamaconsi noma i-jet yamanzi enhle kakhulu, ngokusebenzisa ipayipi yepulasitiki enezimbobo ezifakwe noma eduze kwezitshalo.
  • ukuchelela kwe-drainage

Izici Zezinhlobo Zokuchelela

Izici zezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuchelela zivezwe ngezansi, kanye nezinzuzo kanye nobubi bazo kanye nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo, kuchazwa ukuthi zisetshenziswa kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izilimo okuphakanyiswa ukuthi zisetshenziswe, ngoba zithela amanzi, zigwema izifo futhi amanzi amaningi okunisela.

Uhlelo lokunisela imisele

Imisele noma uhlelo lokunisela ngezikhukhula luklanyelwe ukuze amanzi ajikeleze emiseleni, izakhiwo zawo zifakwe ngaphambi kokulinywa kwezindawo ezithile. Ukusebenzisa lolu hlobo lokuchelela, izingxenye ezihlukene zezitshalo, njengamaqabunga, azihlangani namanzi okunisela.

IZINHLOBO ZOKUNKASA

Izinzuzo

  • Kuyisistimu engadingi ukufakwa futhi ilula kakhulu, ibuye ibe nesici sokuthi izitshalo azihlangani ngqo namanzi.
  • Izindleko zokuyifaka ishibhile uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokunisela, ngenxa yezingxenye zalolu hlobo lokunisela, ishibhile uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinhlelo zokunisela.
  • Ukunisela ngemisele kuvumela amanzi kuphela ukuthi ahlangane nezimpande zezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela kugwemeke ukulimala emaqabunga azo, izimbali nezithelo ngokuhlangana namanzi.
  • Uhlelo lokunisela imisele luyanconywa ezinsimini zezithelo ezincane kanye nezindawo eziyisicaba noma zomhlaba ezifanayo.

nebubi

  • Lolu hlelo lokunisela lune-drawback yokudinga umthamo omkhulu wamanzi.
  • Ukuchelela ngezikhukhula, ngoba kusebenza ngokugeleza okukhulu kwamanzi, kuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamanzi ngenxa yokuhwamuka kwawo.
  • Kuyisistimu eyenza kube nzima ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanzi amuncwa izitshalo futhi alahlekele ngemisele.
  • Noma ngubani osebenzisa lolu hlobo lokunisela kufanele akwenzele endaweni lapho kusebenza khona uhlelo, ngakho kufanele abe manzi.

Ukuchelela ngenkasa

Lolu hlobo Lokunisela lubonakala ngokunikeza izitshalo amanzi ngamanani aphansi kakhulu ngenxa yokucindezela okuphansi okusebenzayo, ukusabalalisa ukudonsa kwamanzi ngethonsi ezimpandeni. Lolu hlelo lokunisela lufakwe ngamashubhu amancane, abekwe phezu komhlabathi noma angcwatshwe. Isetshenziselwa ukunisela ngokunemba okukhulu futhi lokhu konga amanzi amaningi, kanye nalokhu ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokuhwamuka kanye nokungenwa kuwo kuyagwenywa. Lolu hlelo lokunisela njengamanje lusetshenziselwa ukuchelela izitshalo zemifino, izilimo eziyizigaxa, izihlahla zezithelo, okusanhlamvu, imifino, izimbali kanye nezindawo ezincane.

Izinzuzo

  • Phakathi kwezinzuzo zezinhlelo zokuchelela ngamaconsi ukuthi ingasetshenziswa endaweni enemithambeka ehlukene ngisho nasezindaweni eziwumqansa noma ezinamatshe.
  • Ingasetshenziswa ngenani elincane kanye nokucindezela kwamanzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlelo zokunisela. Lokhu kufezwa ngoba ukuchelela kubalwa kuye ngenani lamanzi adingwa yisilimo.
  • Lolu hlelo lokuchelela lusebenza kahle enhlabathini enesihlabathi
  • Njengoba ukutholakala kwamanzi kubalwa ngokwezidingo zesilimo ngasinye, kunzima ukuthi kube nensalela yamanzi ngakho-ke ukukhula kokhula kuyalawuleka.

nebubi

  • Ngenxa yosawoti wamaminerali emanzini okunisela, izindawo zokuphuma kwamanzi zemibhobho zingavaleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi zivimbele ukuthi amanzi angaphumi. Ukunisela okungajwayelekile kwenzeka kuso sonke isilimo.
  • Ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokunqwabelana okuphezulu kosawoti phezulu lapho amaconsi amanzi ewa khona, ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni zemvula encane.
  • Amasistimu wokunisela ama-Drip irrigation anezindleko eziphezulu zokuqala zokutshala ngenxa yohlobo lobuchwepheshe okufanele busetshenziswe kanye nezilawuli ezizenzakalelayo ezifakiwe.

Isistimu yokuchelela ye-sprinkler

Uhlelo lokuchelela lokuchelela luhlanganisa ukufakwa kwamapayipi kanye namashaneli angaphansi komhlaba noma angaphezulu lapho amanzi okuchelela asakazwa khona. Lokhu kufinyelela izitshalo ezilingisa amanzi emvula.

Izinzuzo

  • Ngesikhathi sokunisela, isiqondiso samanzi kanye namandla okuqagela kwamanzi kungalungiswa kuma-sprinklers.
  • Ingafakwa endaweni eyisicaba njengezindawo ezinemithambeka noma ama-depressions emhlabathini.
  • Idinga amanzi okunisela amancane kunesistimu yokunisela yemisele.
  • Ngokuqhathanisa uhlelo lokunisela lwemisele nesistimu yokuchelela yokuchelela, inani lamanzi okuchelela elilahlekile likhulu ekucheleni kwemisele. Amapayipi aqinile afakwe ohlelweni lokunisela lokuchelela avumela ukuthi afinyelele indawo enkulu yomhlabathi futhi amandla okukhipha amanzi angaqedwa ukuze kuncishiswe izitolo noma amajethi amanzi okunisela ukuchelela insimu yonke.
  • Nakuba amanzi okunisela ephuma ngomfutho wejethi, afinyelela ezitshalweni njengamathonsi amanzi amancane, abeke noma ashaye kancane indawo yezitshalo, okungukuthi, nakuba ephuma ngomfutho lapho efika ezitshalweni, azishaye. ngobumnene ngaphandle kokushaya noma ukubangela umonakalo ebusweni bayo.

nebubi

  • Amandla okukhipha amanzi okunisela, kanye nenani labafafazi ukuze baxhume ohlelweni, kufanele kubalwe kahle, kunikezwe ukuthi ngenxa yendawo enephutha, isiqondiso sokuphuma kwamanzi anganele, ukumbondelana kwendawo ezoniselwa. Kuholela ekumoshweni kwamanzi kungenasidingo, noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi kwezinye izindawo zezitshalo.
  • Idinga amanzi okuchelela amaningi kunama-drip irrigation system.
  • Nisela izitshalo kuzo zonke izingxenye zazo futhi uma inhlabathi iba manzi kakhulu, izimpande zingabola, kanye nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo.

Umthelela wendawo

Umthelela wemvelo wezinhlelo zokuchelela zezolimo ubangelwa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokunisela, imithombo yamanzi, noma ngabe amanzi angaphezulu noma angaphansi komhlaba, indlela agcinwa ngayo, indlela amanzi asatshalaliswa ngayo, kanye nezindlela zokufakwa kwensimu kanye nezindlela zokunisela. imishini.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amanzi okunisela izitshalo abethathwa emithonjeni engaphezulu efana nemifula; ngokufanayo, emazweni amaningana aseyingxenye yokutshala izimali ezinkulu kakhulu emkhakheni kahulumeni. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo engaphansi komhlaba emanzini okunisela kumaphrojekthi abiza kakhulu kuye kwenziwa cishe iminyaka engama-30.

Izinhlelo zokunisela ezaziwayo ukuthi zisebenzisa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba zitholakala ePakistan, eNdiya naseShayina, ukusebenzisa la manzi, amashubhu ajulile akhiwe ukuze athathe amanzi emanzini, futhi ahambisana nezinhlelo zokunisela ngamanzi avela phezulu. Imithelela engemihle kwezemvelo yezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zokuchelela ihlanganisa:

  • Ukugcwala kanye nokufakwa kukasawoti emhlabathini wezolimo.
  • Ukwanda kwezifo ezitshalweni ezisakazwa ngamanzi.
  • Ukufuduka kwemiphakathi noma izinguquko ezindleleni zokuphila zabahlali.
  • Ukwanda kwezilokazane zezolimo ezahlukene.
  • Ukuqiniswa komsebenzi wezolimo okuthandwa ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokunisela, kungaholela ekugugulekeni kwenhlabathi, ukungcoliswa kwemithombo yamanzi ngokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali e-agrochemicals.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi ezixutshwe namanzi okunisela kungaphazamisa ikhwalithi yemithombo yamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngenxa yokwanda kwenani le-algae, i-eutrophication yemisele engaphansi kanye nokunisela.
  • Amaphrojekthi okunisela ahlanganisa izindawo ezinkulu, akhe amadamu futhi achezukise imifula, okuholela kumthelela omubi ongase ube khona emvelweni ngenxa yezinguquko ku-hydrology kanye ne-limnology yezindawo ezihamba amanzi.

Ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokwazi imvelo emangalisayo nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ngokufunda lokhu okuthunyelwe okulandelayo: