Uma ufuna ukufunda ukuthi umanyolo wemvelo noma umquba wenziwa kanjani, lapha sizokukhombisa ezinye Izinhlobo Zomquba kanye nezici zazo. Lapho kwenziwa umquba, ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza yezinto eziphilayo kusetshenziswa, njengezinsalela zamaqabunga e-ulethisi, ama-beet, amakhasi awolintshi nobhanana, phakathi kokunye izinsalela zokudla ezilahlwayo futhi ngale ndlela singathola umkhiqizo wemvelo ongakhokha ngawo. phansi. Ngiyakumema ukuthi wazi izinhlobo eziphambili ze-Compost, ezisetshenziswayo.
umquba
Emvelweni, izitshalo zimunca imisoco namaminerali ongqimbeni lomhlabathi aqoqa imisoco ekuboleni kwamaqabunga, izimpande, iziqu, nezinsalela zezilwane. Ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngemisoco ezitshalweni ezitshalwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa umanyolo wamakhemikhali, nokulandela izimfundiso zemvelo, kwenziwa umquba. Ngakho-ke, umquba uwumquba wemvelo noma umanyolo onezindlela noma amasu ahlukene okufanele acaciswe, kusukela ekuboleni kwezinsalela zemifino, futhi lapho uhlanganiswa emhlabathini futhi, izitshalo zimunca imisoco.
Izitshalo ezitshalwe ezindlini zihlale zidinga umsoco ngesikhathi sokukhula kwazo futhi lapho zitshalwe ezimbizeni, izakhi emhlabathini zilinganiselwe, ngenxa yalokhu kufanele zinikezwe ngokufaka umanyolo noma umanyolo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amakhemikhali noma ama-organic. Uma kwenzeka ufuna ukonga imali futhi ube nesikhala esanele, unenketho yokwenza umquba ekhaya futhi ngaleyo ndlela unikeze izakhi ezitshalweni ozitshalayo.
Ukubola kwalokhu okuluhlaza kufinyelelwa ngemva kokudlula inqubo yokuhlakazeka ezingeni lokushisa elithile kanye nomswakama kuze kube yilapho isivundile noma izinto eziphilayo ezinothe ngemisoco. Ukuze izitshalo nezilwane ezihilelekile kule nqubo zihlakazeke, ngaphezu kwezimo ezifanele zomswakama kanye nezinga lokushisa, ama-microorganisms kufanele futhi angenele: isikhunta, amabhaktheriya, izinambuzane, ama-molluscs nabanye, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, umphumela ufinyelelwa. ukuphela kunomquba.
Lapho izinto sezihlakazeke ngokuphelele, kutholwa umanyolo ophilayo onsundu omnyama noma umquba, iphunga lawo lifana nomhlaba omusha futhi uma wenza ukuhlaziya ukuzala, inani kanye nohlobo lomsoco owakhiwa ngalo lizokhonjiswa. Lo manyolo ophilayo uphakanyiswa ukuthi usetshenziswe ukubuyisela inhlabathi yezitshalo ezimbizeni, izitshalo, ezitshalwe ngqo emhlabathini wezingadi nezitshalo zezolimo.
Umquba usetshenziselwa futhi ukuvimbela inhlabathi ekuwohlokeni, ngokusiza ukunikeza imisoco evumela ukuthi kwenziwe izinqubo zemvelo eziholela ekongeni inhlabathi kanye nokwenza umquba noma i-organic matter, ukuqinisa ungqimba lomhlabathi ovikela izingqimba ezijulile zenhlabathi. inhlabathi. , lapho kwenziwa khona izinqubo zamakhemikhali nezomzimba zokwakheka kwesakhiwo senhlabathi, ukubola, ukumuncwa kwezakhi eziningi, i-acidity noma i-alkalinity yomhlabathi, okuyingxenye yemvelo yomhlabathi.
Izinhlobo Zomquba
Ngokwalokhu okushiwo ngenhla, umquba noma umquba utholakala ezintweni zemifino nezilwane. Ukuze kutholwe umquba, le mpahla eluhlaza kufanele idlule ekuboleni kanye nenqubo yokuvutshelwa okuvumela umsoco ukusiza ukubuyisela umhlabathi lapho usuhlanganiswe emhlabathini futhi izitshalo zisebenzisa lokho ezikudingayo ukuze zivundise.
Umanyolo we-organic noma umquba ungatholwa kusetshenziswa izinsalela zotshani obusanda kusikwa noma obuthenwe, amaqabunga omile, amakhambi, ezinye iziqu ezincane nezimpande. Ungasebenzisa futhi umquba, i-fishmeal, sawdust, isibonelo. Izinsalela ezitholakala emisebenzini yezolimo zinhle kakhulu ukuzisebenzisa ekwenzeni umquba. Ngokuya ngempahla eluhlaza esetshenzisiwe, indlela esetshenzisiwe, izinhlobo ezahlukene zomquba zizotholakala. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo.
umquba oyisisekelo
Kuyindlela elula yokwenza izinto eziphilayo, yenziwa ngokubeka izingqimba eziningana zezinto eziphilayo enye phezu kwesinye futhi uqaphele ukuthi izinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama wanele. Lo manyolo ukhiqizwa ngaphakathi kwethangi elivaliwe noma elivuliwe noma isitsha. Uma wenza umquba esitsheni esivaliwe, kufanele ube nezilinganiso ezanele futhi uqinisekise izimo zokushisa kanye nomswakama odingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlakazeka kwempahla eluhlaza esetshenziselwa ukwenza umquba. Isikhathi sokukhiqiza singaba izinyanga ezimbalwa.
Uma umquba wenziwa ngaphandle, imbobo iyavulwa emhlabathini futhi impahla eluhlaza okufanele iboliswe ifakwe izingqimba. Kulesi simo, inqubo yokuhlakazeka kwezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza umquba ishesha, lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yezinambuzane zenhlabathi ezisheshisa inqubo yokuhlakazeka. Izinto ezibolayo kufanele ziphendulwe njalo, ngenhloso yokuthi yonke ingxube ibole ngokulinganayo.
umquba oshisayo
Isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ukukhiqiza lolu hlobo lomquba, umquba, inhlabathi namanzi, ilungiswa ibekwe phansi. Amabhaktheriya e-Aerobic abamba iqhaza ekuhlakazweni kwezinto ngokushintshanisa umoya-mpilo ovela emoyeni. Lolu hlobo lomquba oshisayo lujwayele ukukhiqizwa ezitshalweni zezolimo ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Indawo ekhethiwe ukulungisa lo mquba kufanele ibe endaweni enomthunzi omncane, ingene umoya futhi ibe endaweni evulekile, yenziwa phansi.
Ukwenza lolu hlobo lomquba, uchungechunge lwezingqimba zamagatsha esihlahla namagxolo abekwe phezu komhlabathi, kanye nezinto ezincane neziminyene ezifana nezinsalela zotshani obusanda kusikwa, amaqabunga omile, izimbali ezisele, eziswakanyiswe kusengaphambili. . Ukwandisa izinga lokushisa, ungqimba lomquba lubekwe, futhi ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, inhlabathi ibekwe phezu kwale ngxube futhi yonke into ivalwe ngokungeza amanzi amancane.
Lokhu kulungiselelwa okuchazwe ngenhla ukwenza umquba oshisayo kuphindaphindwa kathathu noma kane kuze kube yilapho inqwaba ifinyelela ukuphakama okungamamitha angu-1,75. Ukuvimbela ukuba ingasakazeki, izinti namagatsha abekwa emaphethelweni enqwaba ukuze ayisekele futhi anikeze ukuzinza kuyo yonke inqwaba.
Le nqwaba imbozwe ngoseyili noma ngepulasitiki futhi ngale ndlela ivikeleke ezimeni zemvelo, njengemvula, imisebe yelanga, imimoya enamandla nokunye. Njengoba ubulongwe nempahla yegatsha kubola, inqubo yokubola inyusa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-60°C. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo izinga lokushisa liyehla futhi, uma lokhu kwenzeka, amanzi kufanele engezwe enqwabeni yomquba ukuze kuqedwe inqubo.
ikhofi umquba
Njengoba igama layo lisho, imfucumfucu yekhofi isetshenziselwa ukwenza lolu hlobo lomquba noma umanyolo, lolu hlobo lwemfucuza luyahlukaniswa ngoba lubola ngokushesha. Lezi zinsalela zekhofi zifakwa emgodini emhlabathini. Lo mgodi kufanele umbozwe ngokuphelele. Lolu hlobo lomquba owenziwe ngekhofi luyakhiqizwa futhi lulungele ukusetshenziswa emasontweni ambalwa. Umanyolo owenziwe ekhofini usetshenziswa kakhulu engadini ngoba unephesenti eliphezulu le-nitrogen. Uma lo manyolo uxutshwe namanzi, kungatholakala umanyolo owuketshezi wenitrogen.
Umquba noma i-earthworm humus
Umquba wezikelemu noma i-earthworm humus, njengoba negama lawo likhomba, ukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izikelemu, ikakhulukazi izikelemu ezibomvu, ezihlonzwe ngegama lesayensi elithi I-Lumbricus rubellus, ngokuba isilwane esinama-saprophagous esidla izinto eziphilayo njengomquba. Phakathi nenqubo yokusetshenziswa komquba, amagesi akhululwa futhi i-vitamin B12 ikhiqizwa ezintweni ezibolile yizibungu, ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlanganisela zokudla okunomsoco.
Ukwenza umanyolo ngezikelemu ezibomvu kunomgomo wokwenza izimo ezifanele ukuze lezi zikelemu ezibomvu zenze umanyolo wezinga eliphezulu futhi zandise amazinga omsoco enhlabathini etshalwayo. Lo manyolo uzuzisa kakhulu izitshalo kanye nama-microorganisms asebenza ngokubambisana nezimpande zezitshalo, ezivikela ekungcolisweni isikhunta namagciwane.
Izikelemu ezibomvu zidla izinto ezihlukahlukene eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nezinsalela zokudla, ngaphandle kwezithelo ezisawolintshi nemifino yomndeni wakwagalikhi no-anyanisi. Kule ndlela yokukhiqiza umquba nge-vermiculture, ebizwa nangokuthi i-vermicomposting, kufanele ibe nezinga elihle lomswakama wemvelo, cishe u-70%, kanye nezinga lokushisa elingu-21°C ngokwesilinganiso, lezi zimo zizoqinisekisa ukuzala kabusha kwezimpande kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. imbewu.umanyolo.
umquba womquba wenkukhu
Ngesikhathi sokwenza umquba, ihlangana nezinyoni ukusiza izinto eziphilayo ukuthi ziwohloke ngokushesha. Izinkukhu zivame ukusetshenziselwa ukusiza ekuhlanganiseni le nqubo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba izinkukhu zidla izinto eziphilayo, lokhu kwaziswa kuyiswa endaweni okuphakela kuyo izinkukhu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinkukhu zihlanganisa indle yazo, ebizwa ngokuthi umquba wenkukhu. Umquba wezinkukhu usheshisa inqubo yokubola kwezinto eziphilayo futhi, ngakho-ke, umanyolo noma umquba ukhiqizwa ngokushesha.
umquba waseJapane
Lo mquba odabuka eJapan ubuye ubizwe ngokuthi "bokashi", wavela kubalimi berayisi balelo zwe, okwathi ngenhloso yokukhiqiza umanyolo wemvelo noma umquba ophuma kudoti ovela emasimini erayisi eJapan. Inenzuzo yokuthi ukukhiqizwa kwayo komanyolo kuyashesha uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi sokukhiqiza somanyolo ojwayelekile noma wendabuko.
Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngoba umanyolo waseJapane noma bokashi, ama-microorganisms ayengezwa entweni eluhlaza ukuze akhiqize lo manyolo, owenziwe ngamanzi, ama-molasses kanye nemvubelo, izinto eziphilayo ezisheshisa inqubo yokubola futhi umanyolo ukhiqizwa ngokushesha. Kumquba we-bokashi baphinde bangeze umquba okhiqizwe ngobulongwe benkukhu nomlotha, izinkomishi zelayisi namalahle nezinye izinto eziphilayo ezingashintshaniswa zinikeze amaphesenti ahlukene omsoco.
Ngiyakumema ukuthi ufunde lokhu okuthunyelwe okulandelayo, ukuze uqhubeke nokwazi imvelo emangalisayo nokuthi singayinakekela kanjani: