Imithelela yemvelo izehlakalo ezidala ushintsho endaweni ezungezile, olubangelwa imbangela ekhiqizwa umsebenzi noma ukungenelela komuntu, ngokuvamile amaphrojekthi okuthuthukiswa komnotho abangela umthelela wemvelo. Qhubeka ufunda lesi sihloko lapho uzofunda khona ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zomthelela wendawo.
Izinhlobo Zomthelela Wezemvelo
Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-Environmental Impact, izinhlobo ezahlukene ziyaziwa futhi ngokuyisisekelo zihlukaniswa ngemvelaphi yazo, kulezo ezibangelwayo, isibonelo: ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yemvelo njengokuxhashazwa kwamahlathi noma izinsiza zokudoba; noma ezingavuseleleki, njengokuxhashazwa kwamafutha ne-bauxite.
Ukungcola, okubangelwa yilawo maphrojekthi adala uhlobo oluthile lwemfucuza futhi akhiphe amagesi noma uketshezi endaweni ezungezile. Ngenxa yokusebenza kwesikhala, okungashintsha izimo zemvelo zendawo, noma ngemisebenzi efana nokukhipha ukhula, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwensiza nokunye. Imithelela yezemvelo ihlukaniswa ngokwemininingwane yayo.
Izinhlobo Zemithelela Yendawo Ezungezile zihlukahlukene kuye ngezici noma izici, zihlukaniswa ngokuthi: ezinhle noma ezimbi, eziqondile noma ezingaqondile, eziqongelelayo noma ezihlangene, ezihlehliswayo nezingenakuhlehliswa, ezamanje noma ezingaba khona, ezesikhashana noma ezingunaphakade, futhi futhi zendawo noma ezisatshalaliswa. Izici zalokhu ngakunye kuvezwe ngezansi.
omuhle noma omubi
Uma kuxoxwa ngesihloko se-Environmental Impacts, ngokuvamile kukholakala ukuthi mibi, nokho-ke, imithelela ingaba mihle futhi lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yesenzo noma umsebenzi okuhloswe ngawo ukubuyisela indawo ethintekile endaweni yemvelo. Phakathi kwemithelela engemihle kwezemvelo, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwemithombo yemvelo, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo yemvelo, ukungcoliswa yimfucuza noma imfucuza eqinile, phakathi kokunye, kungavezwa.
eziqondile nezingaqondile
Imithelela eqondile noma engaqondile kwezemvelo ingaba mihle, ibe mibi nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo zemithelela. Okubenza bahlukanise njengomthelela oqondile yingoba lo mthelela ungabonwa futhi ukalwe ngokushesha. Ngokungafani nomthelela wemvelo ongaqondile obonakala ngemuva kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuqongelela noma ukusebenzisana
Ihlukaniswa njengemithelela eqongelelekayo yendawo ezungezile, isamba semithelela yosayizi abancane kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isamba sale mithelela endaweni efanayo singaholela emthelela omkhulu endaweni ezungezile. Ukwengeza, le mithelela ye-synergistic yenzeka lapho izenzo ezehlukene ezidala isigameko esikhulu sezemvelo zenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa.
ehlehliswayo noma engenakuhlehliswa
Imithelela Ehlehliswayo nengabuyiseleki emuva yileyo lapho indawo ethintekile noma into ingabuyiselwa khona, ngemva kokwenza uchungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile ezifana nalezi: ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi angcolile, ukubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo zehlathi ezivamile endaweni, phakathi kokunye. Ihlukile Kumthelela Wemvelo Ongenakulungiseka ngoba ngalolu hlobo Lomthelela Wendawo Ezungezile, indawo ethintekile noma into ayinakutholwa. Kuphakathi kokuthi ngenxa yobukhulu bomthelela, ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwemithelela emincane noma ngenxa yokuthi okwamanje azikho izindlela zokwelapha zokululama kwayo.
okwamanje noma okungenzeka
Njengoba igama layo lisho, Imithelela Yezemvelo yamanje iyenzeka ngaleso sikhathi. Ihluke kulokho okungase kube khona Imithelela Yezemvelo imithelela enamathuba amaningi okuthi yenzeke esikhathini esizayo, uma izinyathelo zokuvikela zingathathwa okwaziwayo ukuthi ziyakwazi ukuyigwema.
okwesikhashana futhi unomphela
Imithelela Yemvelo ingabonakala njengeyesikhashana, lapho kungenzeka ukuthi indawo ethintekile izonyamalala futhi ilulame Ngokocwaningo lomthelela kwezemvelo, umthelela wesikhashana yilowo onesilinganiso sesikhathi esiphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 kuya kweyi-19. Ngakho-ke, uma umthelela usungaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 ubudala noma kulindeleke ukuthi udlule iminyaka engama-20, kuwumthelela waphakade.
yendawo futhi yandile
Uma umthelela uthinta indawo eyodwa kuphela noma indawo, kuthiwa umthelela wendawo, ngokungafani nalapho umthelela ubhebhetheka futhi uthinta izindawo ezihlukene noma izindawo ezikude nendawo umsuka ovele kuyo umthelela, uwela ngaphansi kokuhlukaniswa komthelela osabalalisiwe. . . Ngokufanayo, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, imithelela ingaba yezinhlobo ezahlukene ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izibonelo Zomthelela Wezemvelo
Ukungcoliswa komoya: Umthelela endaweni ezungezile ukhiqizwa amagesi aqalwe yimisebenzi yezimboni, ukukhishwa kwamagesi yizimoto nezinye izimoto ezihamba kulo lonke idolobha, ngaphezu kokushiswa kwezinto ezimbiwa phansi ngezinye izindlela, okubangela ukungcoliswa komkhathi. .
Ukungcoliswa kwamanzi: Ngenxa yokuchithwa kwezinkampani ezahlukene, kanye namanzi angcolile angahlanziwe avela emadolobheni nasemadolobheni, amanzi angcoliswe amakhemikhali ezolimo afana nomanyolo ovela emasimini ezolimo, ukungcoliswa kwemfucumfucu eqinile njengenqwaba yeziqukathi zepulasitiki ezifika emifuleni nasezilwandle.
Umthelela ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwenhlabathi: Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi ngenxa yemfucuza kawoyela ophuma ezimotweni, imfucuza yemvelo evela kwezolimo, imfuyo kanye nemisebenzi yedolobha, phakathi kokunye.
Ukulahlekelwa ukungcoliswa kwezimila: Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwamahlathi ngokugawula izihlahla ukuze imboni yamapulangwe ithole izinkuni zokukhiqiza ifenisha, izinto zokwakha izindlu, amapensela nezinye izinto. Futhi ngenxa yomlilo wehlathi obangelwa abashisi noma ukwandisa umngcele wezolimo noma ukusungula amadolobha amasha, phakathi kwabanye.
Lokhu kubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwezindawo eziningi zamahlathi, ukulahlekelwa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ukungcoliswa komoya kwenhlabathi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa inhlabathi engaphezulu, okubangela ukugwaduleka komhlabathi. Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunciphisa ukwakheka komoyampilo kanye nokuthathwa kwe-CO2 ukuze kukhiqizwe ushukela kanye nesitashi somsoco wesihlahla.
Izinto ezisetshenziswa ngemisebe, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi kusuka kumandla enuzi azosetshenziswa emazweni ahlukene njengeFrance neJapan, kungamandla angangcolisi kangako kunamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kodwa nokho, kukhiqiza ama-isotopes anemisebe nemiphongolo ye-plutonium ekhulula izinhlayiya ezinobuthi amakhulu eminyaka. .yeminyaka. Ngokunjalo, ukulahlwa kwemfucuza ekhipha imisebe emshinini wokuphehla amandla enuzi lapho enqanyulwa futhi ehlakazwa kunzima kakhulu.
Izimbangela Zomthelela Wezemvelo
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, isintu sasebenzisa ezinye zezinsiza zemvelo ukuze siphile ngokunethezeka, sibe nomthelela emvelweni njengoba sasihlala sihlala endaweni eyodwa, sakha amadolobhana futhi ngenxa yalokhu salungisa umhlabathi, isimo sezwe, amanzi aso, safuya ezinye izilwane, ukuphatha ukulungisa indawo ezungezile ukuze kuzuze abantu, esikhundleni sokuguqula isintu ngenqubo ehamba kancane yokuzivumelanisa nezimo njengezinye izinhlobo zezilwane.
Umthelela wemvelo obangelwa isintu uvame ukungabi nacala, ngoba imvelo inamandla okuphendula nokuzibuyisela ngokwayo ngesikhathi esifushane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba amaphrojekthi eqhubeka ethuthuka, inani labantu landa futhi lafuna izinsiza ezifana nokudla, amanzi, izindlu, nezinye izinkonzo, imithelela emvelweni iye yanda futhi yaba nomthelela unomphela, kanti nemvelo ayikwazanga ukusimama kwezinye zalezi zidingo. .
Imodeli yezomnotho eyasungulwa kusukela ngeNguquko Yezimboni isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwenani elikhulu lempahla eluhlaza kanye nokuguqulwa kwayo ngezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, ezikhiqiza izinsalela eziningi ezingcolisayo ezithinta imvelo. Umthelela wale phrojekthi ungaba muhle noma omubi, owesikhashana noma unomphela. Ngokusho kwalokhu, izimbangela zemithelela yemvelo zingaba:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi ezimboni kanye nenhlalo-mnotho okusekelwe kulezi zintuthuko kwaqala ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili futhi kuyaqhubeka nokukhula.
- Isikhathi eside, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni kwenziwa ngaphandle kwezihibe ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomhlaba, okuphawula umehluko wezomnotho phakathi kwamazwe athuthukile namanye ampofu nalawo angathuthukile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwashaywa imithetho yezemvelo ngenhloso yokulawula, ukubeka imingcele kanye nokujezisa labo abalimaza izinga lemvelo.
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwemodeli yezenhlalo nezomnotho esekelwe ekusetshenzisweni ngokushesha kwezinto, okukhiqiza inani elikhulu lemfucuza futhi kudinga ubuchwepheshe obukhulu bokushintshwa kwemikhiqizo yabathengi. Lolu hlobo lwentuthuko ludinga imizamo emikhulu emisebenzini yokuvuselela kabusha eseyimbalwa futhi akuwona wonke umuntu olungele ukuyenza.
Ukuhlolwa komthelela kwemvelo
Izinhlobo ezehlukene zemithelela yezemvelo ebangelwa izenzo zomuntu zikalwa futhi zixilongwa ngenqubo yokuphatha yobuchwepheshe eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). I-EIA yenziwa ngesikhathi iphrojekthi yenzelwa umsebenzi ongase ubangele umthelela futhi, unenjongo uma yenziwa noma uma iphrojekthi kufanele yenziwe kabusha, kuye ngezindleko zezomnotho ukwenziwa kwayo. zihlanganisa.
Ngokwemithetho eminingi yezemvelo, ama-EIA ayimfuneko ngesikhathi kwenziwa amathenda, njengoba uMbuso emazweni amaningi unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela imvelo. Ama-EIA enzelwe iphrojekthi ethile, kucatshangelwa uhlobo lomsebenzi okufanele wenziwe, izinto zokwakha nezinto zokusebenza okufanele zisetshenziswe, izinqubo nobuchwepheshe obuhilelekile, nokunye.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngemvelo emangalisayo nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde lokhu okuthunyelwe okulandelayo:
- Ukunakekelwa Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene
- Imisebenzi yokuzijabulisa yokunakekela imvelo
- Izinkinga zemvelo eMelika