Ukubuka isibhakabhaka ngobusuku obucwebezelayo nobuthule kusengenye yezinto ezisishiya singenamazwi. Akunandaba ukuthi uhlala edolobheni noma edolobhaneni elikude elisezintabeni.phakamisa ikhanda lakho bese bheka ukuthi izinkanyezi zikhanya kanjani Kuvusa into engumuntu: ilukuluku, ukumangala, kanye nesifiso sokuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani phezulu lapho.
Lo mhlahlandlela wenzelwe labo abafuna ukuthatha leso sinyathelo sokuqala basuke "esibhakabhakeni esihle kakhulu" baye "Ngiyazi ukuthi ngibheke ini futhi ngiyazi ukuthi ngingakujabulela kanjani kangcono." Akudingeki ube yisazi sefiziksi, noma wazi amafomula angajwayelekile, noma ube netheleskopu ebizayoNgesiqondiso esincane, amaqhinga alula kanye nokuzijwayeza uzokwazi ukubona izinkanyezi, ukulandelela amaplanethi, ukuqonda izigaba zeNyanga nokukhetha kahle izinsimbi zakho zokubuka, kusukela kuma-binoculars alula kuya ku-telescope ethuthukisiwe kakhulu.
Kungani kufanelekile ukufunda ukubuka isibhakabhaka
Ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngemishini namasu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukubuka isibhakabhaka kunikezani ngempela. Isayensi yezinkanyezi yama-amateur ingenye yezinto ezimbalwa zesayensi umuntu angazijwayeza. ngaphandle kwelabhorethri ngaphandle kwesibhakabhaka, futhi uma ufisa, ithuluzi elincane lokukhanya.
Kuwo wonke unyaka, kusukela ezindaweni zethu eziphakeme, singazibona zihamba phezulu izinkanyezi eziyinhloko zesizini ngayinye, ibhendi ekhanyayo ye-Milky WayAmaplanethi akhanya kakhulu, izenzakalo ezifana nokufiphala kwelanga nenyanga, ukuhlangana okuphawulekayo phakathi kweNyanga namaplanethi, ngisho neminye imithala ebonakala ngamehlo enyama noma ngamatheleskopu amancane.
Isiqondiso esiwusizo njengalesi siyakusiza, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthi ukuze uziqondise endaweni yokugcina izinto yasezulwini futhi uqonde ukunyakaza kwayo okuyisisekeloNgakolunye uhlangothi, ukukhetha izinhloso ezithakazelisayo: izinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili, amaqoqo ezinkanyezi avulekile nayindilinga, ama-nebulae kanye nemithala efinyeleleka ngama-binoculars noma ama-telescope aphansi, ngaphezu kwakho konke ongazingela ngaphandle kosizo olungaphezu kwamehlo akho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi ungayifunda kanjani ikhalenda yasezulwini: izigaba zenyanga, amafasitela angcono okubuka amaplanethi, ukudlula kwamasathelayithi akhanyayo noma izihlambi zezinkanyeziNgalolo lwazi uzothola okuningi kakhulu kuhambo ngalunye, noma ngabe unesikhathi esifushane ngemva kwesidlo sakusihlwa.
Ukuzijwayeza esibhakabhakeni: amaphuzu amakhulu, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho kanye nezinkanyezi ezibalulekile
Isihluthulelo sakho konke ukwazi ukuthi ubheke kuphi. Ngaphandle kwesiqondiso, isibonakude noma ama-binoculars awasizi ngalutho.ngoba ngeke wazi ukuthi uzozikhomba kuphi noma ukuthi ubonani ngempela embonweni wamehlo.
Indawo yokuqala yakudala enyakatho yezwe yi- Inkanyezi Epholileokucishe kuphawule inyakatho yasezulwini. Ukuze uyithole, indlela elula ukuthola kuqala indawo edumile I-Big DipperI-Dipper, inkanyezi ebonakala kakhulu ebumbeke njenge-ladle noma ipani lokuthosa. Uma welula umugqa ongokomfanekiso oxhumanisa izinkanyezi ezimbili zangaphambili ze-ladle phezulu cishe izikhathi ezinhlanu, uzofika ePolaris, iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho, etholakala e-Ursa Minor.
Omunye umngane ozokuhola yi- Umlaza weCassiopeia, eme njengo-W noma u-M kuye ngokuthi ikuphi esibhakabhakeni. Ukuvulwa kwaleyo W kukhomba nasePolaris, ngakho-ke phakathi kweBig Dipper neCassiopeia unenxantathu ebhekiselayo ekuvumela ukuthi uthole enyakatho cishe ngokushesha, noma ngabe ungumqali.
Ukwazi lezi zibalo eziyisisekelo kuzokunika ukuzethemba. Nge-Big Dipper, i-Polaris, ne-Cassiopeia, manje usungakwazi "ukubambelela" kumephu yesibhakabhaka Bese uqala ukugxuma uye kwezinye izinkanyezi: ulandela isibambo seBig Dipper ufika e-Arcturus (eBoötes) bese, usiyandisa, uye eSpica (eVirgo); ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinkanyezi zangaphambili zeBig Dipper zikuholela eRegulus, eLeo. Kancane kancane uzoluka imephu yakho yengqondo.
Ukuze kuhlelwe kahle lokhu kufunda, kuyasiza ukujwayelana nemibono efana nokuthi amaphuzu ayinhloko, i-zenith, umkhathizwe, i-equator yasezulwini kanye nezinsika zasezulwiniAsikho isidingo sokungena ezindleleni, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isibhakabhaka sihlelwe ngezixhumanisi, njengemephu yomgwaqo, nokuthi izinkanyezi zibonakala zihamba ngenxa yokujikeleza koMhlaba.
Amashadi ezinkanyezi, ama-planisphere, izinhlelo zokusebenza kanye nama-simulators ezinkanyezi
Namuhla sinamathuluzi esinawo, eminyakeni embalwa edlule, ayengacatshangwa kumuntu othanda izinto zokuzijabulisa ovamile. Ngale kwama-atlase ezinkanyezi akudala kanye nama-planisphere ephepha ajikelezayoUnezinhlelo nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezikwazi ukulingisa ukubukeka kwesibhakabhaka kunoma iyiphi indawo nosuku.
I-Los ama-planisphere aphrintiwe kanye namakhathalogi ezinkanyezi Zihlala ziwusizo kakhulu ekufundeni. Zimelela izindawo zezinkanyezi, izinkanyezi ezikhanya kakhulu, ama-nebulae, amaqoqo, nezinye izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni esijulile ngokwezixhumanisi zazo. Zilungele ukubonwa ensimini, njengoba zingadingi amabhethri noma isevisi yamaseli.
Ezweni ledijithali, kukhona isofthiwe yekhompyutha yamahhala efana ne- I-Stellarium, i-HNSKY noma izinhlelo ezifanayookudala kabusha isibhakabhaka ngezinga elimangalisayo lemininingwane. Ungasheshisa noma ubuyisele emuva isikhathi, ushintshe indawo, usebenzise amalebula ezinkanyezi noma ezinto, futhi uphrinte ngisho namamephu enziwe ngokwezifiso esikhathi sakho sokubuka.
Kuselula, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokubuka isibhakabhaka Sebebe ngabalingani ababalulekile be-astrotourism. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana ne-Sky Map, i-SkySafari, i-Star Tracker, noma amathuluzi okuthola izinkanyezi zisebenza ngokukhomba ifoni yakho ephathekayo esibhakabhakeni bese zibonisa ngesikhathi sangempela ukuthi yiziphi izinkanyezi nezinkanyezi ozibonayo.
Lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza azithathi indawo yokufunda, kodwa ziyakusheshisa: Ungahlola ngokushesha ukuthi isiqephu esifiphele osibonayo siyiqembu lezinkanyezi, umthala, noma ifu elincane nje.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziyakusiza ukuhlela uhambo lwakho, ukumaka ukuphuma kwenyanga nokushona kwenyanga, ukubonakala kweplanethi, kanye nezikhathi ezinhle kakhulu zokubuka izinto ezithile.
Okungabonakala ngeso lenyama: Inyanga, amaplanethi, iMilky Way kanye nemithala
Awudingi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwensimbi ukuze uqale ukujabulela isibhakabhaka ngempela. Ngamehlo akho ungabona okungaphezu kwalokho okucabangayo.ikakhulukazi uma ubalekela izibani zedolobha.
Umlingiswa oyinhloko ongaphikiswana ngaye LunaYinkanyezi evuza kakhulu ukuqala ngayo: ibonisa izigaba eziphawuleka kakhulu, ishintsha ukubukeka kwayo phakathi nenyanga, futhi ukwakheka kwayo kungabonakala ngisho nangaphandle kosizo lwe-optical uma isesigabeni sayo sokuqala noma sokugcina. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazichaza kanjani kuzokuvumela ukuthi uqonde ukuthi kungani inyanga ekhula ingabonwa ekuntweleni kokusa kanti inyanga ephelayo ayibonwa ekuntweleni kokusa.
eziningana Amaplanethi abonakala ngamehlo enyama njengezinkanyezi ezikhanyayo kakhulu ezingakhanyi.I-Mercury, i-Venus, i-Mars, i-Jupiter, ne-Saturn zingahlukaniswa, ngokuzijwayeza okuncane, nezinkanyezi ezivamile ngokukhanya kwazo, umbala, kanye nendawo. Iziqondiso ze-astronomical ephemeris kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza zizokutshela ukuthi kufanele uzifune nini futhi kuphi.
Uma usesibhakabhakeni esimnyama ngempela, kude nokungcola kokukhanya, ungajabulela umbukwane we- I-Milky Way inqamula isibhakabhaka isuka kolunye uhlangothi iye kolunyeLeyo bhande elimhlophe liwukukhanya okuhlanganisiwe okuvela ezigidini zezinkanyezi emthaleni wethu, futhi amaqoqo amaningi avulekile nezindawo ze-nebula zifihliwe ekubonakaleni kulowo mfula wezinkanyezi.
Zikhona ngisho imithala engabonwa ngaphandle kwesibonakude Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile, njengakwi-Andromeda Galaxy, ibonakala njengodaka oluncane nolude. Isimo sayo sibonakala kalula ngama-binoculars noma nge-telescope encane, kodwa ungayibona ithinta layo lokuqala ngeso lenyama uma wazi kahle ukuthi kufanele ubheke kuphi esibhakabhakeni.
Ukubaluleka kwesibhakabhaka esimnyama kanye nokukhetha indawo yokubuka
Ikhwalithi yesibhakabhaka ibaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi izazi zezinkanyezi eziningi ezingewona ama-amateur zivame ukuthi "Isibhakabhaka singumkhawulo"Ithuluzi elifanayo lingasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kakhulu edolobheni elikhanyayo noma endaweni yasemakhaya noma ezintabeni enesibhakabhaka esicacile.
Ngaphansi kwedome elikhanyayo lomuzi ophakathi nendawo uzobona kuphela izinkanyezi ezingamakhulu ambalwa ngokumelene nesizinda esimpungaFuthi izinto eziningi ezijulile esibhakabhakeni ziyanyamalala nje, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isibonakude sakho sinamamitha amangaki ububanzi. I-Milky Way, ikakhulukazi, ishabalale ngokuphelele ezindaweni eziningi zasemadolobheni.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, endaweni emnyama, umuntu ushintshela ku- izinkanyezi eziyizinkulungwane eziningana ziyabonakala, isizinda esimnyama esibonakala kahle kakhulu kanye nokuba khona okucacile kweMilky Way. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, itheleskopu encane, engama-80 noma ayi-100 mm, ingaveza imininingwane obungayiboni edolobheni ngisho noma usebenzisa ithuluzi elikhulu kakhulu.
Kungcono ukuthi ubaleke, noma nini lapho kungenzeka. okungenani amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka ezindaweni ezinkuluUkuze kubhekwe ngokujulile, abaningi batusa amabanga aseduze namakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka ezindaweni ezinkulu zasemadolobheni, kanye namakhilomitha angaba ngu-50 ukusuka emadolobheni amancane, befuna izindawo zasemakhaya, ezintabeni noma ezingaphakathi nezwe.
Izindawo ezinokukhanya okuncane, njengamanye amadolobha asezintabeni, seziyizindawo ezingokoqobo izindawo zokuvakasha kwezinkanyeziYilapho-ke “amaphathi ezinkanyezi” avame ukuhlelwa khona: imihlangano yokubuka nge-telescope, izingxoxo, kanye nemisebenzi eholwa ngabantu abangebona abafundi noma ochwepheshe, okuyindlela enhle yokufunda nokwabelana ngolwazi nabantu abanolwazi oluthe xaxa.
Lungiselela uhambo oluphephile nolukhululekile lwe-astrotourism
Ukuhlela ubusuku bokubuka kufana kakhulu nokulungiselela uhambo lwasebusuku lwezintabaUmgomo uwukuzijabulisa, kodwa ngaphandle kokugodola, ngaphandle kokuphelelwa yibhethri, futhi ngaphandle kokuthatha izingozi ezingadingekile.
Ngokuphathelene nezingubo, kuyalulekwa ukuthi ulethe izendlalelo eziningana, izingubo ezishisayo, ijazi elingangeni moya, isigqoko kanye namagilavu amancane kodwa afudumeleNgisho nasehlobo, ukuchitha amahora amaningana umile ubheke isibhakabhaka kubanda kakhulu, futhi umzimba uyakubona ngokushesha lapho kufika phakathi kwamabili.
Unganciphisi ukudla nokuphuza. Letha amanzi amaningi kunalokho ocabanga ukuthi uzowadingaLetha okuthile okufudumele uma ungakwazi (i-thermos yekhofi, itiye, noma ushokoledi oshisayo) kanye nokudla okulula okulula. Uma uhlelo luqhubeka isikhashana, uzojabula ukuthi unamandla amaningi.
Isikhwama semali kufanele sibe ne- ithoshi noma isibani sekhanda esinokukhanya okubomvu (ukuze ungakhangi wena noma abangane bakho futhi ugcine amehlo akho evumelana nobumnyama), ikhithi elincane losizo lokuqala, ibhethri langaphandle lefoni yakho ephathekayo (umkhuhlane udla amabhethri) futhi, uma uzochitha amahora amaningi, ngisho nesikhwama sokulala noma ingubo ebanzi.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokuphepha, akukubi neze ukusebenzisa ingqondo evamile: Kungcono kakhulu, ungahambi wedwa, futhi uma unquma ukuhamba, yazisa othile ukuthi uyaphi nokuthi ulindele ukubuya ngasiphi isikhathi.Futhi, vele, hlonipha indawo ezungezile: shiya indawo njengoba uyitholile, noma okungcono nakakhulu, ungenazo izibi noma iminonjana yokuba khona kwakho.
Kuqala amehlo, bese kuba ama-binoculars… bese kuba yi-telescope
Isilingo sokuphuthuma siyothenga isibonakude sikhulu kakhulu, kodwa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabaxhumanisi besayensi abaningi kanye nabasebenzi beplanethi kubonisa lokho. Kuhlakaniphe kakhulu ukuqala ngesibhakabhaka ngeso lenyama, bese kuthi njengesinyathelo sesibili, uqale ngama-binoculars..
Ukuchitha amasonto noma izinyanga eziningana ubukela ngaphandle kwezinsimbi kukuvumela Funda ukubona abantu ababaluleke kakhulu, ulandele ukunyakaza okubonakalayo kwendilinga yasezulwini, bese uthola indlela yeLanga, iNyanga, namaplanethi.Leso sisekelo siqinisekisa ukuthi uma ekugcineni usebenzisa ithuluzi, uyazi ukuthi ufunani nokuthi ungalitholaphi.
Njengesinyathelo sesibili, Ama-binocular ayithuluzi elihle kakhuluZinobukhulu obuphakathi, amasimu amakhulu okubukwa, futhi zibonisa isibhakabhaka ngendlela efanayo naleyo amehlo akho asibona ngayo, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukuhamba phakathi kwezinkanyezi nezinkanyezi.
Njengesinyathelo sesithathu, isibonakudeIyithuluzi eliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu nelithambile elidinga indlela yokufunda kancane: ukwazi ukulihlanganisa, ukulihlela kahle, ukuphatha i-mount yalo, nokukhetha ama-eyepiece afanele. Iseluleko esihle ukwenza ucwaningo lwakho, ukuya ezifundweni noma ukujoyina amaqembu abantu abathanda izinto ezintsha, kanye Ungaphuthumi uyothenga iteleskopu. ngaphambi kokuzama.
Nakuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi cishe uzofuna ukuba netheleskopu, Ama-binocular amahle ngeke ayeke ukuba wusizo.Ngisho noma ungumpetha: azinakunqotshwa ngokulandelela izindawo ezinkulu zesibhakabhaka, ukulandela izinkanyezi ezinomsila ezinde, ukubuka ukuhlangana okubanzi, noma ukuhamba nje eMilky Way.
Indlela yokukhetha ama-binoculars e-astronomy
Kunezibonakude ezingenakubalwa emakethe, kodwa akuzona zonke ezifanelekela ukubuka isibhakabhaka. Uma kusetshenziswa izinto zezinkanyezi ezivamile, amamodeli angu-7×50 noma angu-10×50 avame ukunconywa.Inombolo yokuqala ikhombisa ukukhuliswa, eyesibili ububanzi bamalensi angaphambili ngamamilimitha.
Itheleskopu ye-7x50 inikeza izithombe ezikhanyayo kakhulu kanye nensimu ebanzi yokubukwa, ilungele ukuskena izindawo zeMilky Way, ukuthola amaqoqo avulekile, noma ukujabulela iNyanga yonke. I-10x50 inikeza ukukhuliswa okwengeziwe isagcina ukukhanya okuhle kanye nombono omuhle, okwenza ibe nokuguquguquka okukhulu kumuntu ojwayelekile ongewona umlandeli.
Amamodeli afana ne-7×35 noma i-8×40 nawo angasebenza, kodwa Ngokuvamile zinikeza ukukhanya okuncane kanye nemininingwane encane. ngezinto ezisabalalayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezibonakude ezingu-12×60, 15×70 noma 20×80 ezibamba ukukhanya okwengeziwe futhi zikhulise isithombe, kodwa zinensimu encane yokubuka futhi zinzima kakhulu.
Kuhle ukukhumbula umthetho oyinhloko wokuthi, Uma ukukhuliswa kukhulu, insimu yokubona iba ncane futhi ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuba bucayi kakhuluAma-binocular amakhulu, njenge-15x70 noma i-20x80, ekugcineni adinga i-tripod ukuze agweme ukudlidliza. Ngaleso sikhathi, uqala ukulahlekelwa enye yezinzuzo zawo ezinkulu: induduzo kanye nokuphatheka kalula.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukhetha yiphi imodeli, ama-binocular amahle azohlala enawe. Ngisho noma kamuva uthenga itheleskopu eyodwa noma ngaphezuluUzoqhubeka nokuzisebenzisa ukubuka izinto ngesikhathi esisodwa, ukuqhathanisa uhlaka, nokujabulela izinto ezikude kakhulu ezingalingani emkhakheni omncane wokubukwa kwama-telescope amaningi.
Ama-telescope: izinhlobo eziyinhloko nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke ngaphambi kokuthenga
Uma usuthole ulwazi oluthile ngeso lenyama nama-binoculars, sekuyisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuthenga i-telescope. Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ithelesikopu ayikwenzi ube yisazi sezinkanyezi ngokuzenzakalelayo.Njengoba nje isiginci singamenzi umculi: kufanele ufunde ukuthi ungasiphatha kanjani futhi uthole okuningi kuso.
Ama-telescope ahlukaniswe kabanzi abe imindeni emibili eyinhloko: ama-refractor kanye nama-reflectorAma-refractor asebenzisa ilensi yangaphambili, ebizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile, ephinda ukukhanya futhi ikugxilise endaweni egxile ngemuva kwepayipi. Abukwa "ngemuva" futhi avame ukuthandwa kakhulu ngokubuka iNyanga, amaplanethi, nezinkanyezi ezimbili.
Ama-reflector, ikakhulukazi lawo alolu hlobo iNewtonianBasebenzisa isibuko esiyinhloko esigobile phansi kwepayipi kanye nesibuko sesibili esiyisicaba eduze komnyango. Baphambukisa ukukhanya eceleni, lapho kubekwa khona i-eyepiece. Banenzuzo yokunikeza izithombe ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka kwe-chromatic (abahlukanisi ukukhanya kube imibala engafuneki) futhi, ngobubanzi obufanayo, bavame ukushibhile kakhulu kune-refractors.
Ngaphandle kwalokhu, kunemiklamo exubile neyincane efana ne- Schmidt-Cassegrain kanye MaksutovsZiyizibonisi ezinepuleti lokulungisa elingaphambili kanye nesibuko sesibili esigobile esivumela amashubhu amafushane anobude obude bokugxila, aphathekayo kakhulu futhi avaliwe emoyeni, okunciphisa ukuxokozela kwangaphakathi futhi kuthuthukise ukuzinza kwesithombe.
Emkhakheni we-refractors othuthuke kakhulu uzothola i-apochromaticLezi telescope, ezinamalensi akhiwe ngezinto ezintathu noma ezine kanye nengilazi ekhethekile (njenge-fluorite), cishe zilungile ngokuphelele ekushintsheni kwe-chromatic futhi zinikeza izithombe zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ezilungele ukubonwa kweplanethi okudingakalayo kanye ne-astrophotography, yize intengo yazo iphakeme kakhulu.
Ububanzi kanye nokukhulisa: okubaluleke ngempela
Uma ubheka amakhathalogi e-telescope, uzovame ukubona ukukhuliswa okukhulu kakhulu kukhangiswa. Iqiniso liwukuthi incazelo eyinhloko yesibonakude akuyona indlela yokukhulisa, kodwa ububanzi belensi noma isibuko sayo esiqondile.ngoba kuncike ekutheni iqoqa ukukhanya okungakanani nokuthi inganikeza isisombululo esingakanani.
Uma ububanzi bubukhulu, Isithombe sizokhanya futhi sibe nemininingwane eminingi.Isibukisi noma isibukisi esingu-150mm sizobonisa imininingwane eminingi nezinto ezibuthakathaka kunesingu-75mm noma esingu-100mm, uma nje ikhwalithi yokukhanya kanye nezimo zesibhakabhaka zilungile.
Njengereferensi, ukusetshenziswa okuvamile (iNyanga, iLanga elinesihlungi esifanele, amaplanethi, ama-comet, amaqoqo, ama-nebulae kanye nemithala ekhanyayo), kuvame ukunconywa. okungenani cishe amamilimitha ayi-100 ezibukisi kanye namamilimitha angama-60 kuya kwangu-80 ezibukisiNgaphansi kwalokho, yize uzobona okuningi, uzohluleka kancane ezintweni ezithile ezijulile zesibhakabhaka.
Ukwanda kunqunywa yinhlanganisela ye ubude obuqondile beteleskopu kanye nobesiqeshana sesoUkuhlukanisa ubude obuqondile beshubhu le-telescope ngobude obuqondile be-eyepiece kukunikeza ukukhulisa okuphumelelayo. Isibonelo, i-telescope engu-900mm ene-eyepiece engu-20mm inikeza ukukhulisa okungu-45x; ene-eyepiece engu-10mm, engu-90x; ene-eyepiece engu-6mm, engu-150x.
Kukhona umthetho obalulekile wokukhulisa okuwusizo kakhulu: ngokuvamile kuhambahamba nxazonke kabili ububanzi besibonakude esivezwa ngamamilimithaI-refractor engu-80mm ngokuvamile izonikeza ukukhulisa okuphezulu okungu-160x, i-refractor engu-100mm cishe engu-200x, njalo njalo. Ngale kwala manani, isithombe sivame ukuba sikhulu kodwa singacaci, ngaphandle kobusuku obungavamile kanye nezinto ezikhanya kakhulu.
Izindwangu zamehlo nezinye izesekeli ezibalulekile
Ngaphandle kwezibuko zamehlo, itheleskopu ayisebenzi. Ama-eyepiece angamalensi angashintshaniswa lapho ubeka khona iso lakho.bese unquma ukukhuliswa kanye nensimu yokubuka oyitholayo ekubonweni ngakunye.
Kukhona ama-eyepiece alula kakhulu anamalensi amabili noma amathathu acishe aphelelwe yisikhathi, kanye neminye imiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ebiza kakhulu, enezinto ezifika kweziyisikhombisa. Ngokuphathelene nenani lemali, enye yezindinganiso ezithandwa kakhulu yi-eyepiece yohlobo lwe-Plössl.ngamalensi amane noma amahlanu kanye nokusebenza okuhloniphekile kakhulu kokusetshenziswa okuningi.
Ubude obuqondile bezinto zamehlo busukela ku- amamilimitha ambalwa (2, 3, 5 mm) afinyelela ku-40 noma 50 mmAma-eyepiece amafushane anikeza ukukhulisa okuphezulu kakhulu kanye namasimu amancane okubuka; amade, ukukhulisa okuphansi kanye namasimu abanzi okubuka. Okokuqala, ngokuvamile kuyalulekwa ukuba nama-eyepiece okungenani amathathu ahlanganisa ububanzi obufanele, isibonelo, ama-25 mm, ama-10 mm, nama-5 mm.
Ngaphandle kwezici zamehlo, kunezinye izesekeli eziningana ezenza umehluko. ofuna Kuyisibonakude esincane esisizayo esinobukhulu obuphansi kanye nensimu ebanzi yokubuka, esifakwe epayipini eliyinhloko. Sisetshenziselwa ukuthola izinto; kubalulekile ukuthi siqondaniswe kahle nesibonakude ukuze lokho okuphakathi kwezinwele zaso kubonakale eqoqweni lamehlo.
Esinye isesekeli esivame kakhulu yi- Ilensi yeBarlowLe divayisi, efakwa phakathi kwe-eyepiece kanye ne-focuser, iphinda ubude be-focal obusebenzayo besistimu, iphindaphinde kabili noma iphindwe kathathu i-magnification ngezi-eyepiece ezifanayo. Uma isetshenziswa ngokuhlakanipha, yandisa kakhulu inhlanganisela engenzeka ngaphandle kokuthenga izi-eyepiece eziningi ezahlukene.
Izinhlelo zokufaka, ukulandelela, kanye ne-Go-To
Ipayipi elihle le-optical lidinga isisekelo esifanelana nobukhulu balo. Intaba ibaluleke njengeteleskopu uqobo.ngoba inquma ukuzinza, ukusebenziseka kalula, nokuthi ungalandela kalula kangakanani izinkanyezi ekuhambeni kwazo okubonakalayo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningana. izikhonkwane ze-azimuth Zikuvumela ukuthi uhambise itheleskopu ngokuqondile (ukuphakama) nangokuvundlile (i-azimuth) ngendlela eqondakala kalula, futhi eziningi zifaka izilawuli zokunyakaza okuhle ukuze kulungiswe kahle. Zilula futhi zilula, zilungele ukusetshenziswa okubonakalayo okuyisisekelo.
Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu phakathi kwabalandeli yi- Izikhonkwane zeDobsonianLezi zikhonkwane zisekelwe kumklamo "webhokisi" ojikelezayo lapho ithubhu libekwe khona, ngokuvamile i-reflector enkulu ye-Newtonian. Zinikeza ipulatifomu eqinile neyongayo yama-telescope aphakathi namakhulu, okwandisa ububanzi nge-euro ngayinye etshaliwe.
I-Las izikhwelo ze-equator Ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zinzima kakhulu, kodwa zinenzuzo enkulu yokuthi enye yezimbazo zazo ihambisana ne-axis yokujikeleza yoMhlaba. Uma sezilinganiswe kahle futhi zaqondaniswa ne-pole yasezulwini, zivumela ukulandelela izinto zasezulwini ngokujikeleza i-axis eyodwa kuphela, okuwusizo kakhulu ekuthwebuleni izinkanyezi kanye nokubuka isikhathi eside.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, lezi zinhlelo sezithandwa kakhulu. Iya kuLezi yizindawo zokubeka ezinenjini ezinamakhompyutha ahlanganisiwe kanye ne-GPS. Ngemva kokulungiswa okufushane kokuqala, ziyakwazi ukuthola nokulandelela ngokuzenzakalelayo izinkulungwane zezinto ezigcinwe kusizindalwazi sazo, kusukela eNyangeni namaplanethi kuya kuma-nebulae abuthakathaka kanye nemithala.
Lezi zinhlelo zenza kube lula kakhulu ukufinyelela ezinhlosweni ezinzima, kodwa Azithathi indawo yolwazi ngezuluEqinisweni, zijabulisa kakhulu uma usuvele wazi ukuthi ubonani nokuthi zingena kanjani ebalazweni lesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zidinga izindleko ezengeziwe futhi zengeza ubunzima bobuchwepheshe emishinini.
Isayensi yezinkanyezi yasemini, iLanga kanye nokuphepha kwamehlo
Ukubuka isibhakabhaka akuyona nje into eyenziwa ebusuku. ILanga liyisisulu esijabulisayo, uma nje kuthathwa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuqapha.Ebusweni bayo, amabala elanga, ama-faculae, kanye nezihlungi ezithile, ngisho nama-protuberance kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ku-chromosphere kungabonakala.
Ukubuka iLanga ngesibonakude noma nge-binoculars kubaluleke kakhulu sebenzisa izihlungi zelanga ezivunyiwe ezibekwe emlonyeni wethuluziZenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekile (njenge-mylar ensimbi noma ingilazi ethile) ezinciphisa ukukhanya kwelanga ziye ezingeni eliphephile. Noma yikuphi ukunganaki kungabangela ukulimala kwamehlo okungenakuguqulwa ngemizuzwana embalwa.
Ungalokothi uqambe amanga ngengilazi ebhemayo, ama-x-ray amadala, noma ezinye izinto ezenziwe ekhaya. Uma isihlungi esiqinisekisiwe singatholakali, kungcono ukumane ubonise isithombe seLanga esikrinini esimhlophe. (ngaphandle kokubuka ngeso) noma ukuya emisebenzini ehleliwe lapho kunemishini elungiselelwe ukubuka ilanga.
Uma uzochitha isikhathi esiningi ngaphandle emini, kungcono ukwengeza lezi zinyathelo zokuqapha Isikrini sokuvikela ilanga, isigqoko noma ikepisi, kanye nezibuko zelanga ezifaneleikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba noma ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuningi.
Kunoma ikuphi, umyalezo oyinhloko ucacile: Ungalokothi ubheke ilanga ngqo ngaphandle kokuvikelwa okufanele.ngisho nomzuzwana, kungaba ngamehlo enyama, ama-binocular, noma i-telescope.
Indlela yokusebenzisa kahle ubusuku ngabunye bokubuka
Uma usuwazi izisekelo, isinyathelo esilandelayo ukuthola okuningi esimisweni ngasinye. Hlela okungenani okuncane kwalokho ofuna ukukubona Kwenza umehluko omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuphuma ungenalo uhlelo bese ugcina uzulazula ungenanjongo ngetheleskopu.
Ngaphambi kokuthi uhambe, hlola izenzakalo zezinkanyezi zenyangaIzigaba zenyanga, izikhathi zokuhamba kwamaplanethi, ukufiphala kwelanga okungenzeka, imvula yezinkanyezi ezikhanyayo, ukudlula kwe-International Space Station, noma ezinye iziphuphutheki ezikhanyayo. Ngalolu lwazi, ungakhetha amafasitela esikhathi lapho izinjongo zakho ziphakeme futhi zibekwe kahle.
Icebo eliwusizo kakhulu ukuzama ukubheka izinto noma nini lapho ungakwazi. lapho zifinyelela esicongweni eduze komngcele wendawo, okungukuthi, lapho zifika endaweni yazo ephakeme ngaphezu komkhathizweNgaleso sikhathi zidlula emoyeni omncane, azithinteki kakhulu yisiyaluyalu nokungcola kokukhanya, futhi ngokuvamile zinikeza isithombe esizinzile nesicacile kakhulu.
Kubuye kube lula Gcina uhlu oluyisisekelo lwezinto ezifanelana nezimo zakho.Uma usedolobheni, gxila eNyangeni, amaplanethi, izinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili, kanye namaqoqo ezinkanyezi ezikhanyayo; uma usesibhakabhakeni esimnyama, ungalwandisa uhlu ukuze lufake phakathi ama-emission nebulae, amaqoqo e-globular, kanye nemithala evelele.
Ekupheleni kobusuku, zinike imizuzu embalwa ubhale phansi lokho okubonile, ngaliphi ithuluzi, ngakuphi ukukhuliswa kanye nangaphansi kwaziphi izimo. Phatha incwadi encane yokubheka Kuzokuvumela ukuthi ubone intuthuko yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukhumbule imininingwane, futhi ulungise kangcono imephu yesibhakabhaka osikha ubusuku nobusuku enkumbulweni yakho.
Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, ukubuka isibhakabhaka kancane kancane kuba inhlanganisela ephelele yesayensi, ukuzindla, kanye nokuzijabulisa komuntu siquUkufunda ukuzijwayeza phakathi kwezinkanyezi, ukuqonda ukuthi kungani zishintsha ngezinkathi zonyaka, ukuhlukanisa amaplanethi nezinkanyezi, ukukhetha izinsimbi zakho kahle nokuzisebenzisa kahle, ukuhlonipha imvelo nokwabelana ngalokho okubonayo nabanye abantu kwenza ubusuku ngabunye ngaphansi kwezinkanyezi kube yinto entsha nento yokutholwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lakho noma indawo obuka kuyo.
