Indawo emnyama, ekhula njalo, iyikhaya lezindikimba zasezulwini ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezaziwayo, yonke into engaphakathi kuyo ibukhulu bomndeni, ngakho, kuleso sikhala esingapheli singathola izinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke, kodwa Uyazi ukuthi kungani bebizwa ngalelo gama?
Ake sithi kusobala ukuthi ubukhulu bayo buhlobene kakhulu nayo, nokho-ke kunezici ezimbalwa eziholela ekutheni ibizwe ngezinkanyezi ezinkulu zezulu nomhlaba. Esikhaleni hhayi kuphela ukwenza amaplanethi angenalutho, singasho futhi ukuthi kunendawo enkulu yokungabaza kwethu kobuntu.
Isici esiyinhloko salezi ziqhwaga zendawo yonke sisekukhanyeni ezikukhiphayo, njengoba ukukhanya kwawo kungaphezu kokuphindwe izikhathi eziyi-10 kuya kweziyinkulungwane kunokwelanga lethu, kanye ne-radius yalo iphakathi kwezikhathi eziyi-1.000 neziyikhulu umsakazo welanga. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana ne- ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi, kuyathakazelisa ukuhlola ukuthi lezi zakhiwo zithinta kanjani ukuhlukaniswa.
Ungafunda futhi: Izinto ezi-5 odinga ukuzazi mayelana ne-2022 starburst
Izinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke zitholakala ngaphandle kwesikali esaziwa ngokuthi "Ukulandelana Okuyinhloko", lesi yisifunda somdwebo we-Hertzsprung-Russell lapho iningi lezinkanyezi litholakala khona. imizimba yasezulwini. Uma ufuna ukuqonda kangcono lo mdwebo kanye nokusebenziseka kwawo, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana izici zezinkanyezi.
Zibizwa kanje lezi zinkanyezi "ukulandelana okukhulu". izinkanyezi ezibandayo kakhulu kulesi sigaba ama-dwarfs abomvu, anesisindo esiphansi.
Nakuba izinkanyezi ezitholakala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ama- supermassive blue giants. Umdwebo we-Hertzsprung-Russell Kuwuhlelo lwezibalo olubonisa izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lezinkanyezi ngokusekelwe ekukhanyeni kwazo, ngakho imizimba esemkhathini ingahlukaniswa, kulokhu, izinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke.
Ungafunda kabanzi ngakho ku: Ukwakheka, Ukuguquguquka kanye nezinhlobo zemithala
Kodwa ingabe uyazi ukuthi zakhiwe kanjani izinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke?
Inkanyezi endaweni yonke iba ingxenye yomndeni omkhulu lapho yonke i-hydrogen etholakalayo ukuze ihlanganiswe emnyombweni wayo isiphelile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inkanyezi ishiywe. ukulandelana okuyinhloko. Uma ufuna ukungena ujule emjikelezweni wokuphila wezinkanyezi, ungafunda ngakho konke mayelana nezinkanyezi.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inkanyezi enesisindo sokuqala esingaphansi kuka-0,4 mass solar ayikwazi neze ukufaneleka njengenkanyezi enkulu. Lezi imizimba yasezulwini Ingaphakathi lawo lixutshwe yi-convection ngakho-ke ayaqhubeka ehlanganisa i-hydrogen ize icime ngokuphelele phakathi kwenkanyezi.
Kungaleso sikhathi lapho singasho khona ukuthi baba a Inkinjana emhlophe yakhiwe ngokuyisisekelo nge-helium. Nokho, inkolelo-mbono ibikezela ukuthi isikhathi sale nqubo sikhulu kunenkathi yamanje yendawo yonke.
Ilanga lethu liyinkanyezi esesigabeni esiyinhloko sokulandelana, selineminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500, futhi kulinganiselwa ukuthi liyohlala kulesi sigaba eminye iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.500. Nokho, lapho ukunikezwa kwe-hydrogen emnyombo kuphelelwa, ILanga lethu lizoqala ukwanda futhi ubuso bayo buzophola, okuzophumela ekubeni ibe inkanyezi enkulu yendawo yonke ebomvu.
Gxilisa amehlo akho esibhakabhakeni futhi ucacise ngezinkanyezi ezinkulu zomhlaba wonke
Uma ubheka phezulu esibhakabhakeni singabona ukuthi zonke zilingana ngobukhulu, ezinye zicwayiza kakhulu kunezinye, kanti ezinye ziyavezela zidlula zishiya umugqa. umzila okhanyayo like: izinkanyezi ezidubulayo; konke lokhu uma sibheka ebusuku, ekukhanyeni kwenyanga ebandayo.
Nokho, phakathi nosuku iLanga yilona inkanyezi eseduze emhlabeni wethu, kodwa inkanyezi isencane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye. Inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke endaweni yonke eyaziwayo inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-165 kunelanga.
Kodwa ilanga lethu likhulu ngokwanele ukuba lingaqukatha izinkanyezi ezingu-1.000.000 XNUMX XNUMX ezisuka emkhathini usayizi womhlaba emsakazweni wakho. Izazi zezinkanyezi zisebenzisa umthamo welanga njengereferensi yokulinganisa ubukhulu bezinye izindikimba zezinkanyezi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungafunda kabanzi mayelana inkanyezi enkulu ku-Milky Way nokubaluleka kwayo endaweni yonke.
Izinkanyezi ezintathu ezidumile zomhlaba wonke
Abayona ingxenye yesigidi, kodwa phakathi kwezigidi zezigidi zezigidi endaweni yonke, nokho, baziwa kakhulu futhi abaseduze kakhulu isimiso sethu sonozungezilanga, kubalulekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuthi lezi zinto ezitholwe ngokwesayensi ngokwenkathi yethu yesayensi, nokuthi zilinganiselwe kuzo, ziyinkomba nje yalokho esinolwazi olujulile ngakho namuhla.
1). Hawu Scuti
I-UY Scuti iyinkanyezi ebomvu etholakala endaweni Umlaza we-scutum, isihlangu; Ubukhulu bayo bucishe buphindwe izikhathi ezingu-1.708 kuneLanga lethu, lesi sibalo siyisilinganiso esibalwe ngokusekelwe kumingcele yemethrikhi engaqondile. Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana Ayini ama-nebulae? kanye nobudlelwano bayo nomjikelezo wezinkanyezi, kuyatuseka ukuhlola ukwakheka kwayo.
Lesi akusona isilinganiso esinembile ngokuphelele, nokho, umkhawulo wephutha uwukuthi 192 imisebe yelanga. Noma iyiphi indlela, ngisho nasenguqulweni yayo encane kunazo zonke, ihlala iyinkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke eyaziwa futhi yafundwa kuze kube manje.
Ukuba nomcabango noma umbono wobukhulu bakhe, ngaphakathi kwale nkanyezi bekuyongena ezigidini ezingu-5.000 XNUMX zelanga lethu.
ezimbili). WOH G2
Esinyathelweni sesibili sezinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke i-WOH G64, lesi ngesinye sezinkulu ezikhonjwe umuntu, singaphezu 160.000 light years away yeplanethi yethu enguMhlaba, ngenxa yalesi sizathu ososayensi bazama ukukala indawo ekuyo ngqo.
Lo mzimba wenkanyezi omkhulu awutholakali ku-Milky Way yethu. Izungeza umthala ongumakhelwane owaziwa ngokuthi iLarge Magellanic Cloud. Ubukhulu bale nkanyezi bulinganiselwa izikhathi ezingu-1.540 XNUMX kunobelanga. Ubunzima bokulinganisa umjikelezo oqondile Kungenxa yothuli oluzungeze inkanyezi, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ngezazi zezinkanyezi ukuthola indawo eqondile yenkanyezi.
Ngalo mqondo, kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi lezi zidondoshiya zakhiwe kanjani. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nenqubo ku i-nebula yeplanethi.
3). R.W. Cephei
Kulokhu sizochaza enye yezinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu endaweni yonke, inombala osawolintshi, lezi yizo ezinamandla okukhanya kakhulu endaweni yonke. Umdondoshiya wasezulwini Itholakala kumlaza i-Cepheus, futhi inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-535 kuneLanga lethu.
Uma sifuna ukuba nesilinganiso noma ireferensi yobukhulu bale nkanyezi, singasho ukuthi ubukhulu bayo bukhulu kunobuka umzila weJupiter, okungukuthi, umdwebo owenziwa yile planethi ekuhumusheni kwayo uzungeze ilanga.
Kokubili ukukhanya kwayo kanye nohlobo lwayo lwe-spectral kuyahlukahluka, ngalo mqondo, mhlawumbe nobubanzi bayo, ngakho-ke usayizi ocashuniwe uyalinganiselwa kuphela ngososayensi.
Kubathandi bomkhathi, khumbula ukuthi izinkanyezi ezinkulu kakhulu akuzona njalo ezinobuningi obukhulu, noma ngokuphambene nalokho. Isibonelo: i-R136a1 iyinkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke futhi isilinganiso njengenkanyezi eyodwa i-hypergiant, nokho, i-radius yayo ingamamitha angama-35,4.
Njengoba intuthuko yesayensi ithuthuka emhlabeni wethu, njengababukeli bomkhathi, ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha ithuthuke kakhulu futhi iba yisisekelo socwaningo lwe-cosmic. Ukuze uhlole kabanzi mayelana nezimfihlakalo zendawo yonke, ungafunda umsuka wezinkanyezi ezinomsila.
Ngakho-ke, sithuthukela ekwakhiweni kwezibonakude ezikhula ngamandla, ngosizo kanye Ukubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe, buhlangene njengohlobo olulodwa, ukuze bathole lokho okufihliwe ezigidini zemithala entanta emkhathini ojulile. Mhlawumbe lezi zinkanyezi ezinkulu zendawo yonke zingasenza sibone okujule kakhulu okungaziwa ukuthi kunamandla adonsela phansi ezingqondweni zethu, ingabe sisodwa kulesi sikhala esikhulukazi esihlala kuso?
Qhubeka ufunda izindatshana zethu futhi ube a uchwepheshe we-cosmonaut, yabelana ngolwazi lwakho nabangani bakho, ngakho mhlawumbe, ndawonye, thola inkanyezi entsha enkulu endaweni yonke.
