I-Los I-Marine Biomes, ngokungangabazeki iyindawo yokuhlala enkulu kunazo zonke ekhona ePlanethi Yomhlaba, okuyindawo yokuhlala inqwaba yezidalwa eziphilayo. Kusetshenziswa u-70% wembulunga yonke futhi kuhlinzeka ngamaphesenti angama-90 okunikezwa koketshezi olubalulekile. Zitholele lapha yonke into mayelana nalesi sistimu esihle semvelo sasolwandle.
I-Marine Biomes
Kuma-biomes akhona emvelweni, okuyi-terrestrial biome, zasolwandle zasolwandle kanye ne-freshwater biome. Inqunywa yi-World Wide Fund for Nature. Kufanele, ama-marine biomes yiwo ahlala endaweni enkulu kakhulu ngokuphathelene nendawo yonke iPlanethi Yomhlaba enayo. Igqame ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi futhi kanye nayo, ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinhlobonhlobo Izici zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kwezigaba zabo.
Ngalo mqondo, ama-marine biomes ayikhaya elinikeza ukuphila, ukulalela nokuhlonipha imvelo yezinto eziphilayo. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zakha izitshalo nezilwane ezibanzi kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo. Kusukela ku-plankton kuya ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezinkulu. Lapho iLanga kanye nezigameko zalo kuyisiqephu esibalulekile esingenela esizukulwaneni sensimu yokudla. Zidingani izinhlobo zezilwane ukuze ziphile?
Kokubili ukujula okukhona kwamanzi ayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elihlangabezana nakho kwenza ibhalansi nokuqhubeka. Lapho ukuhluka kwayo okuphawulekayo kuyizizathu ezithonya kakhulu futhi zilimaze ukuphila, ukuziphilisa noma ukuba khona kwale biome ebalulekile nedingekayo.
Ama-Marine biomes angamalungu eqembu elincane elingaphansi kwe izinto eziphilayo zasemanzini, ethatha isamba esimelela u-70% wendawo yonke yomhlaba. Amanzi akhona anosawoti kanye nemvelo ehlukahlukene futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ku-biomes yasolwandle, abantu bathola iphesenti elikhulu lokudla kwabo. Icebile ngezakhi, amavithamini namaminerali. Kanye nokuhlinzekwa koketshezi olubalulekile, olumelela u-90% walo.
Ama-Biomes wePlanethi Yomhlaba
Ama-biomes akhona kuPlanethi Yomhlaba anqunywe yi-World Wide Fund for Nature, ngolimi lwesiNgisi oluhambisana ne-World Wide Fund for Nature. Okwethulwa njengenhlangano noma isikhungo esingezona ezikahulumeni esilwela ukongiwa kwemvelo, esifinyelela umhlaba wonke, esafinyelela esisekelweni saso ngo-1961.
Ukuba nokuhlonzwa kwayo ngokusemthethweni e-United States of America naseCanada, ngaphansi kwegama le-World Wildlife Fund, evame ukuhlonzwa ngokuthi "WWF".
Lapho kusetshenziswa imibandela, ukuhlonipha izinkambiso nezigaba, kokubili okuvela endaweni kanye nendawo ebonakalayo, kanye nesizinda se-biotic kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngihlukanisa futhi ngisungule okulandelayo, njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-biomes:
- I-Terestrial: Ama-Terrestrial biomes yilawo ahlanganisa izitshalo nezilwane eziguqukayo, ezikhulayo futhi ezithuthukayo emhlabeni. Okusho ukuthi, endaweni yasemhlabeni yeshalofu lezwekazi. Noma ngabe kusezintabeni, ezingwadule, ezigodini noma emathafeni.
- Osolwandle: I-Los izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, yilawo amele imiphakathi yezitshalo nezilwane. Zibonakala ngokuguquka, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa ezindaweni ezimbozwe amanzi anosawoti, okungukuthi, olwandle, olwandle noma ogwini lwezwekazi, izixhobo zamakhorali, phakathi kokunye.
- Amanzi amnandi: Ama-biomes amanzi ahlanzekile imiphakathi yezitshalo nezilwane, yona, iguquke, ikhule futhi ithuthuke. Ebusweni bePlanethi Yomhlaba, embozwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile, kucatshangelwa ukuthi lezi ziyimifula, amachibi, imifudlana, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, phakathi kwabanye.
Izindawo eziqondile ze-Marine Biomes
I-Los izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, anezindawo ezintathu noma izindawo eziqondile zamanzi awo anosawoti, ezihlukaniswa ngezehlakalo lapho imisebe yelanga ithinta futhi ifike khona. Lokhu okulandelayo:
- I-Euphotic: I-euphotic zone noma indawo lapho imisebe yelanga ithinta ngokuqondile futhi ngokuphelele, imuncwe ngokugqamile. Lokhu kutholakala ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lomzimba wamanzi anosawoti.
- i-dysphotic: I-dysphotic zone noma indawo ingenye lapho izehlakalo zokukhanya kwelanga zivame ukungena ngokungahambisani okuphawulekayo nobuthaka. Iyingxenye yenqwaba yamanzi etholakala ngaphansi kwendawo ye-euphotic.
- I-Aphotic: Indawo ye-aphotic noma indawo ileyo etholakala ngaphansi kwendawo ye-dysphotic, lapho ngenxa yokujula okuphezulu kwendawo yayo. Isigameko sokukhanya kwelanga asingeni. Ngemva kwalokho, intuthuko ibhekisela enanini lezakhamzimba eziyindlala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lenza indawo ejule kakhulu yamanzi anosawoti olwandle.
Indawo yalawa ma-Biomes
I-Los izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle banobuhle nokuhambisana nokuba sezilwandlekazi ezinhlanu ezinkulu. Ukuba namandla okusungula kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibanzi kakhulu neziphelele kunazo zonke. Izilwandle ezinelungelo lokuba yikhaya lezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Pacific
- I-Atlántico
- I-Arctic
- U -ndico
- I-Antarctic (i-Southern Ocean)
Isimo Sezulu Sasolwandle
Mayelana nesimo sezulu, izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle Zinezinga lokushisa elivame ukuba phakathi kuka-4°C noma u-39°F. Ukwazi ukuthi ngasezigxotsheni kubanda, ukufudumala njengoba uquqaba lwamanzi lusondela enkabazwe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zasolwandle, kokubili izilwane kanye nezitshalo, zithintwa izinguquko noma izinguquko ezivelayo maqondana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuchayeka elangeni.Okuvamile ukuthi, njengoba kwenzeka ku-terrestrial biome, izilwane eziningi zishintsha isimo sazo esivamile. ukuziphatha noma ukufuduka phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, lapho isimo sendawo ezungezile sishintsha size senze ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okuvamile kungenzeki.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo kwabaphansi, njengakumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngoba ukukhishwa kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi kubangela ukufa kwezitshalo nezilwane. Amakhorali athinteka kakhulu kangangokuthi athambekele ekulahlekelweni umbala wawo, ngezinhlekelele eziningi zemvelo.
Izinhlobo zama-Marine Biomes
Izinhlobo zama-marine biomes zisungulwa yi-World Wide Fund for Nature. Hlela-ke, ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo noma izinhlobo zama-biomes, okuyizi:
I-Coastal Marine Biomes
Lolu hlobo lwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini lwembulunga yonke, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezindawo ezisemhlabeni kanye nezindawo ezihlala emanzini. Ukuba nekhono lokuhlanganisa okubanzi nokungenakuqhathaniswa Izimbali nezilwane zasolwandle, eduze nendawo yasemhlabeni.
Lezi zibonakala ngokuba sengozini enkulu yezehlakalo zokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu noma ukushintshana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi biomes zasolwandle yilapho isenzo semimoya siwela khona, kanye namagagasi.
Esinye isici ezizwela kakhulu kuso umphumela omubi lapho abantu bekhula, okubathinta kakhulu. Njengesibonelo esivame kakhulu, ukungcola okukhiqizwa yimfucuza ngaphandle kokulawula kulahlwa yonke indawo, kulezi zindawo.
I-Open and Deep Sea Biomes
Lolu hlobo izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, itholakala kuwo wonke amanzi olwandle ePlanethi Yomhlaba, okungukuthi, ulwandle i-Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Indian and Antarctic. Kokubili izitshalo nezilwane zalo kucebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, zakha okubaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa futhi ihambisana nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze kube okuphelele, kanye nokulungile, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa okufanayo. Ukuzwela kakhulu izehlakalo ezishintshayo noma izinguquko endaweni yesimo sezulu ezibhekana nazo.
I-Oceanic Island Marine Biomes
Lolu hlobo lwama-biomes yilolo olutholakala kuzo zonke iziqhingi zasolwandle eziqukethwe kwiPlanethi Yomhlaba, ezinothile ngezilwane nezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukugcizelela ukuthi bathambekele ekuthuthukiseni izici zabo zezitshalo nezilwane zimele ngakho, ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi zihlukanisiwe.
Eziqhingini ezisolwandle, ukuziphatha okufanayo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukukhula, nokuthuthuka akwenzeki. Futhi banelungelo lokuhluka kuma-biomes abo, angatholakali kwezinye izindawo. Kuvamile ukuthi izimo zayo zezulu azifani ngokuphelele.
I-Tropical Coral Marine Biomes
Lolu hlobo izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, yilezo ngeshwa ezisengozini futhi zisengozini yokunyamalala ePlanethi Yomhlaba. Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo wesigameko esibangelwa izinguquko zesimo sezulu, kanye nokuba khona kwe-microplastics.
Ama-Microplastic yiwo wonke lawo avela ekucekeleni phansi kweziqukathi ezahlukene, amabhodlela noma izinto zale nto ephonswa olwandle. Kuhlanganisa nezikhwama ezingaduki kanye nezingxenye zamanethi okudoba. Lokho ukuba selwandle ngemva kokufinyelela ukuwohloka ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukufa kwezilwane zasolwandle, nakho kuthinta amakhorali asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi ziyingxenye yekhaya, indawo yokukhosela, kanye nomthombo obalulekile wemithombo yezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, izilwane, neminye imikhakha. Lokho kwenza kube nokwenzeka ibhalansi kanye nesethi yemvelo yayo yonke i-biome.
Izici ze-Marine Biomes
Phakathi izici main of the izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle okulandelayo:
- Inamanzi anosawoti omkhathi obanzi.
- Inezindawo ezintathu noma izindawo ezichazwe ngokuma zibheke phezulu, ezakha uquqaba lwamanzi alo, ahamba ngokuvumelana nesigameko abayithola emisebeni evela eLangeni, yilezi: i-euphotic, i-dysphotic kanye ne-aphotic. Ukuba, i-euphotic, leyo esezingeni eliphezulu ethola iLanga ngokuqondile. I-dysphotic, okuyiyona etholakala ngaphansi kwe-euphotic, ye-solar indidence encane kanye ne-aphotic, okuyiyona lapho imisebe yelanga ingafinyeleli kuyo.
- Izitshalo nezilwane zayo zihlobene eduze nesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-pH equkethwe emanzini awo. Okuxhunywe ekugxilweni kwayo kukasawoti, konke ndawonye yikho okuvumela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphelele nokuhlukahlukene, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ukuba kwenzeke. Futhi ukuzuza kusukela kubhalansi efanele kakhulu evuna wonke umuntu.
- Inokusabalalisa okubanzi nokubanzi kakhulu kwezitshalo nezilwane, ezikleliswe njengenani elikhulu kunawo wonke kuPlanethi Yomhlaba.
Izindlela Zokusiza I-Marine Biomes
Izindlela zokusiza izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle Ziningi, futhi zihlukahlukene. Lapho ngayinye ngayinye, inokwehluka ukuthi ithinta abantu kuphela. Ngoba yizo ezinethonya elibi endaweni yalezi zitshalo zasolwandle. Phakathi kwamafomu avelele akhona njengokuqwashisa abantu bonke, kukhona okulandelayo:
- Khuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza.
- Khuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zigweme ukudoba olwandle ngokungakhethi.
- Ungalahli imfucumfucu yepulasitiki olwandle. Konke kuqala ngokunakekela amabhishi nendawo ezungezile. Ngoba njengoba nje lezi zindawo zinikeza ngokugcwele ingcebo nobuhle bazo, abantu kufanele babuyisele ukubonga kwabo ngokuyilondoloza nokuyivikela.
- Sebenzisa ngokuqaphela izindawo zasolwandle, ngenkathi uhamba ngesikebhe, kayak, yacht, isikebhe nanoma iyiphi enye.
- Veza ukwesekwa kwazo zonke izinhlangano ezifuna ukulondoloza impilo yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, ngoba zonke zinezela kokungaphezulu.
- Sabalalisa ulwazi ngomthelela odalwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu endaweni ezungezile kanye nasezintweni eziphila olwandle. Ngoba uma wonke umuntu efaka isandla kancane, umehluko uzozwakala.
- Zama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okufinyelela endaweni ezungezile, okubangela ukungcola okuqhubekayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo Izinhlobo zomthelela kwezemvelo. Okukhona, njengoba kwaziwa, ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kunemvelaphi yakho ekungcolisweni okweqile okudalwa ngabantu endaweni ezungezile. Okuholela ezinguqukweni zesimo sezulu ezithinta ngokungenakuvinjelwa izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
- Ungathengi imikhiqizo ngokusobala eyenziwe ngabantu basolwandle noma ama-coral reef, atholakala ngobucwebe bezinga eliphezulu noma ezinye izinto zenani eliphezulu. Ukuthi okuwukuphela kwento abaza nayo ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
