Ama-biome asolwandle ngokungangabazeki ayindawo yokuhlala enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ikhaya lezidalwa eziphilayo ezingenakubalwa. Amboza u-70% womhlaba futhi ahlinzeka ngamanzi angu-90% emhlabeni. Thola konke mayelana nale ndawo enhle yolwandle lapha.
I-Marine Biomes
Kuma-biome akhona emvelweni—asemhlabeni, olwandle, kanye namanzi ahlanzekile—njengoba kuchazwe yi-World Wildlife Fund, ama-biome olwandle athatha indawo enkulu kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nendawo iyonke yeplanethi yoMhlaba. Aphawuleka ngokuba yindawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo eziningi futhi, ngokwenza kanjalo, agcwalisa izidingo zezici ezahlukahlukene zokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinhlobo zawo.
Ngalo mqondo, ama-marine biomes ayikhaya elinikeza ukuphila, ukulalela nokuhlonipha imvelo yezinto eziphilayo. Khumbula ukuthi lezi zakha izitshalo nezilwane ezibanzi kanye nokusebenzisana kwazo. Kusukela ku-plankton kuya ezilwaneni ezincelisayo ezinkulu. Lapho iLanga kanye nezigameko zalo kuyisiqephu esibalulekile esingenela esizukulwaneni sensimu yokudla. Zidingani izinhlobo zezilwane ukuze ziphile?
Kokubili ukujula okukhona kwamanzi ayo kanye nezinga lokushisa elihlangabezana nakho kwenza ibhalansi nokuqhubeka. Lapho ukuhluka kwayo okuphawulekayo kuyizizathu ezithonya kakhulu futhi zilimaze ukuphila, ukuziphilisa noma ukuba khona kwale biome ebalulekile nedingekayo.
Ama-biome asolwandle ayingxenye yeqembu elincane lama -biome asemanzini , amboze u-70% wendawo yonke yoMhlaba. Amanzi awo anosawoti futhi aqukethe izinhlobo eziningi zezindawo zemvelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ku-biomes yasolwandle, abantu bathola iphesenti elikhulu lokudla kwabo. Icebile ngezakhi, amavithamini namaminerali. Kanye nokuhlinzekwa koketshezi olubalulekile, olumelela u-90% walo.
Ama-Biomes wePlanethi Yomhlaba
Ama-biomes akhona kuPlanethi Yomhlaba anqunywe yi-World Wide Fund for Nature, ngolimi lwesiNgisi oluhambisana ne-World Wide Fund for Nature. Okwethulwa njengenhlangano noma isikhungo esingezona ezikahulumeni esilwela ukongiwa kwemvelo, esifinyelela umhlaba wonke, esafinyelela esisekelweni saso ngo-1961.
Ukuba nokuhlonzwa kwayo ngokusemthethweni e-United States of America naseCanada, ngaphansi kwegama le-World Wildlife Fund, evame ukuhlonzwa ngokuthi "WWF".
Lapho kusetshenziswa imibandela, ukuhlonipha izinkambiso nezigaba, kokubili okuvela endaweni kanye nendawo ebonakalayo, kanye nesizinda se-biotic kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngihlukanisa futhi ngisungule okulandelayo, njengezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-biomes:
- I-Terestrial: Ama-Terrestrial biomes yilawo ahlanganisa izitshalo nezilwane eziguqukayo, ezikhulayo futhi ezithuthukayo emhlabeni. Okusho ukuthi, endaweni yasemhlabeni yeshalofu lezwekazi. Noma ngabe kusezintabeni, ezingwadule, ezigodini noma emathafeni.
- Osolwandle: I-Los izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, yilawo amele imiphakathi yezitshalo nezilwane. Zibonakala ngokuguquka, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa ezindaweni ezimbozwe amanzi anosawoti, okungukuthi, olwandle, olwandle noma ogwini lwezwekazi, izixhobo zamakhorali, phakathi kokunye.
- Amanzi amnandi: Ama-biomes amanzi ahlanzekile imiphakathi yezitshalo nezilwane, yona, iguquke, ikhule futhi ithuthuke. Ebusweni bePlanethi Yomhlaba, embozwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile, kucatshangelwa ukuthi lezi ziyimifula, amachibi, imifudlana, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, phakathi kwabanye.
Izindawo eziqondile ze-Marine Biomes
Ama-biome asolwandle anezindawo ezintathu eziqondile noma izindawo ngaphakathi kwamanzi awo angenasawoti, ezihlukaniswa nge-engeli lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kuhlasela khona futhi kufinyelele kuzo. Lezi zindawo zilandelayo:
- I-Euphotic: I-euphotic zone noma indawo lapho imisebe yelanga ithinta ngokuqondile futhi ngokuphelele, imuncwe ngokugqamile. Lokhu kutholakala ongqimbeni olungaphezulu lomzimba wamanzi anosawoti.
- i-dysphotic: I-dysphotic zone noma indawo ingenye lapho izehlakalo zokukhanya kwelanga zivame ukungena ngokungahambisani okuphawulekayo nobuthaka. Iyingxenye yenqwaba yamanzi etholakala ngaphansi kwendawo ye-euphotic.
- I-Aphotic: Indawo ye-aphotic noma indawo ileyo etholakala ngaphansi kwendawo ye-dysphotic, lapho ngenxa yokujula okuphezulu kwendawo yayo. Isigameko sokukhanya kwelanga asingeni. Ngemva kwalokho, intuthuko ibhekisela enanini lezakhamzimba eziyindlala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lenza indawo ejule kakhulu yamanzi anosawoti olwandle.
Indawo yalawa ma-Biomes
Ama-biome asolwandle anenzuzo eyingqayizivele kanye nokubaluleka kokuba sezilwandle ezinhlanu ezinkulu. Ngayinye yalezi zilwandle isekela ukuhlukahluka okubanzi nokuphelele kwezinhlobo zezilwane. Ama-olwandle anelungelo lokuba yikhaya lama-biome asolwandle yilawa alandelayo:
- Pacific
- I-Atlántico
- I-Arctic
- U -ndico
- I-Antarctic (i-Southern Ocean)
Isimo Sezulu Sasolwandle
Ngokuphathelene nesimo sezulu, ama-biome asolwandle ngokuvamile anamazinga okushisa acishe abe ngu-4°C noma angu-39°F. Kubanda kakhulu ngasezimpondweni futhi kuyashisa njengoba amanzi esondela enkabazwe.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zasolwandle, kokubili izilwane kanye nezitshalo, zithintwa izinguquko noma izinguquko ezivelayo maqondana nesimo sezulu kanye nokuchayeka elangeni.Okuvamile ukuthi, njengoba kwenzeka ku-terrestrial biome, izilwane eziningi zishintsha isimo sazo esivamile. ukuziphatha noma ukufuduka phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, lapho isimo sendawo ezungezile sishintsha size senze ukuthuthukiswa kwazo okuvamile kungenzeki.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngendlela efanayo kwabaphansi, njengakumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ngoba ukukhishwa kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi kubangela ukufa kwezitshalo nezilwane. Amakhorali athinteka kakhulu kangangokuthi athambekele ekulahlekelweni umbala wawo, ngezinhlekelele eziningi zemvelo.
Izinhlobo zama-Marine Biomes
Izinhlobo zama-marine biomes zisungulwa yi-World Wide Fund for Nature. Hlela-ke, ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo noma izinhlobo zama-biomes, okuyizi:
I-Coastal Marine Biomes
Lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle zitholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini emhlabeni jikelele, ikakhulukazi phakathi komhlaba namanzi. Zinamandla okusekela uhla olukhulu nolungenakuqhathaniswa lwezitshalo nezilwane zasolwandle nezasemhlabeni .
Lezi zibonakala ngokuba sengozini enkulu yezehlakalo zokuguqulwa kwesimo sezulu noma ukushintshana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezi biomes zasolwandle yilapho isenzo semimoya siwela khona, kanye namagagasi.
Esinye isici ezizwela kakhulu kuso umphumela omubi lapho abantu bekhula, okubathinta kakhulu. Njengesibonelo esivame kakhulu, ukungcola okukhiqizwa yimfucuza ngaphandle kokulawula kulahlwa yonke indawo, kulezi zindawo.
I-Open and Deep Sea Biomes
Lolu hlobo lwe- biome yasolwandle lutholakala kuwo wonke amalwandle oMhlaba, okuhlanganisa i-Atlantic, i-Pacific, i-Arctic, i-Indian, kanye ne-Antarctic Oceans. Izitshalo nezilwane zalo zicebile ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, okwenza kube ngenye yezindawo zemvelo ezibaluleke kakhulu.
Kodwa futhi ihambisana nezimo ezidingekayo ukuze kube okuphelele, kanye nokulungile, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa okufanayo. Ukuzwela kakhulu izehlakalo ezishintshayo noma izinguquko endaweni yesimo sezulu ezibhekana nazo.
I-Oceanic Island Marine Biomes
Lolu hlobo lwama-biomes yilolo olutholakala kuzo zonke iziqhingi zasolwandle eziqukethwe kwiPlanethi Yomhlaba, ezinothile ngezilwane nezitshalo ezinhlobonhlobo. Ukugcizelela ukuthi bathambekele ekuthuthukiseni izici zabo zezitshalo nezilwane zimele ngakho, ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi zihlukanisiwe.
Eziqhingini ezisolwandle, ukuziphatha okufanayo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukukhula, nokuthuthuka akwenzeki. Futhi banelungelo lokuhluka kuma-biomes abo, angatholakali kwezinye izindawo. Kuvamile ukuthi izimo zayo zezulu azifani ngokuphelele.
I-Tropical Coral Marine Biomes
Lezi zinhlobo ze -biome zasolwandle zisengozini ngokudabukisayo futhi zisengozini yokunyamalala ePlanethini Lomhlaba. Konke lokhu kungenxa yomthelela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nokuba khona kwe-microplastics.
Ama-Microplastic yiwo wonke lawo avela ekucekeleni phansi kweziqukathi ezahlukene, amabhodlela noma izinto zale nto ephonswa olwandle. Kuhlanganisa nezikhwama ezingaduki kanye nezingxenye zamanethi okudoba. Lokho ukuba selwandle ngemva kokufinyelela ukuwohloka ngaphandle kokukhiqiza ukufa kwezilwane zasolwandle, nakho kuthinta amakhorali asezindaweni ezishisayo.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lezi ziyingxenye yekhaya, indawo yokukhosela, kanye nomthombo obalulekile wemithombo yezinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo, izilwane, neminye imikhakha. Lokho kwenza kube nokwenzeka ibhalansi kanye nesethi yemvelo yayo yonke i-biome.
Izici ze-Marine Biomes
Izici eziyinhloko ze -biomes zasolwandle zifaka okulandelayo:
- Inamanzi anosawoti omkhathi obanzi.
- Inezindawo ezintathu noma izindawo ezichazwe ngokuma zibheke phezulu, ezakha uquqaba lwamanzi alo, ahamba ngokuvumelana nesigameko abayithola emisebeni evela eLangeni, yilezi: i-euphotic, i-dysphotic kanye ne-aphotic. Ukuba, i-euphotic, leyo esezingeni eliphezulu ethola iLanga ngokuqondile. I-dysphotic, okuyiyona etholakala ngaphansi kwe-euphotic, ye-solar indidence encane kanye ne-aphotic, okuyiyona lapho imisebe yelanga ingafinyeleli kuyo.
- Izitshalo nezilwane zayo zihlobene eduze nesimo sezulu, izinga lokushisa, kanye ne-pH equkethwe emanzini awo. Okuxhunywe ekugxilweni kwayo kukasawoti, konke ndawonye yikho okuvumela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphelele nokuhlukahlukene, ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ukuba kwenzeke. Futhi ukuzuza kusukela kubhalansi efanele kakhulu evuna wonke umuntu.
- Inokusabalalisa okubanzi nokubanzi kakhulu kwezitshalo nezilwane, ezikleliswe njengenani elikhulu kunawo wonke kuPlanethi Yomhlaba.
Izindlela Zokusiza I-Marine Biomes
Kunezindlela eziningi nezihlukahlukene zokusiza ama-biome asolwandle . Nokho, ngayinye yazo ingumthwalo wemfanelo wabantu kuphela, njengoba yithina esithinta kabi imvelo yala ma-biome asolwandle. Phakathi kwezindlela ezivelele kakhulu zokukhulisa ulwazi yilezi ezilandelayo:
- Khuthaza ukugaywa kabusha kwemfucuza.
- Khuthaza izinkampani ukuthi zigweme ukudoba olwandle ngokungakhethi.
- Ungalahli imfucumfucu yepulasitiki olwandle. Konke kuqala ngokunakekela amabhishi nendawo ezungezile. Ngoba njengoba nje lezi zindawo zinikeza ngokugcwele ingcebo nobuhle bazo, abantu kufanele babuyisele ukubonga kwabo ngokuyilondoloza nokuyivikela.
- Sebenzisa ngokuqaphela izindawo zasolwandle, ngenkathi uhamba ngesikebhe, kayak, yacht, isikebhe nanoma iyiphi enye.
- Veza ukwesekwa kwazo zonke izinhlangano ezifuna ukulondoloza impilo yezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle, ngoba zonke zinezela kokungaphezulu.
- Sabalalisa ulwazi ngomthelela odalwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu endaweni ezungezile kanye nasezintweni eziphila olwandle. Ngoba uma wonke umuntu efaka isandla kancane, umehluko uzozwakala.
- Zama ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okufinyelela endaweni ezungezile, okubangela ukungcola okuqhubekayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo Izinhlobo zomthelela kwezemvelo. Okukhona, njengoba kwaziwa, ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kunemvelaphi yakho ekungcolisweni okweqile okudalwa ngabantu endaweni ezungezile. Okuholela ezinguqukweni zesimo sezulu ezithinta ngokungenakuvinjelwa izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
- Ungathengi imikhiqizo ngokusobala eyenziwe ngabantu basolwandle noma ama-coral reef, atholakala ngobucwebe bezinga eliphezulu noma ezinye izinto zenani eliphezulu. Ukuthi okuwukuphela kwento abaza nayo ukucekelwa phansi kwezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
