I-Las Izinyanga zemars Ziyisihloko esithakazelisa kakhulu kusayensi yezinkanyezi yesimanje, kokubili ngenxa yezizathu zokwakheka nokunamathela kwazo njengamasathelayithi eplanethi ebomvu, kanye nomthethosisekelo wawo nemisebenzi, engafani ncamashi neyeNyanga yeplanethi yethu. Uma ufuna ukujula kulesi sihloko, ungafunda nge amasathelayithi eMars.
Ubuwazi ukuthi i-Mars, iplanethi engumakhelwane wethu esimisweni sonozungezilanga, inezinyanga ezimbili esikhundleni seyodwa, njengaseMhlabeni?
Yebo, umakhelwane wethu obomvu unamasathelayithi amabili emvelo noma izinyanga: Phobos y ake sithi Zombili zatholwa ngekhulu le-12, impela ngo-Agasti 1877, XNUMX yisazi sezinkanyezi saseMelika u-Asaph Hall.
Ukuwathola kwakuyisenzo esihle kakhulu sokuhlola izinkanyezi ngaleso sikhathi ngenxa yokusondelana kwemizila yenyanga ezungeza iMars, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuyithola ngenxa yokukhanya kweplanethi ngokwayo, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi, njengezinyanga, zombili zincane ngempela. Kulo mongo, umuntu angaqonda ukubaluleka kokwazi ilukuluku lesimiso sonozungezilanga.
Ukwenza lokhu, uHholo wasebenzisa i-refractor engamasentimitha angama-66 etholakala ku- I-Washington Naval Observatory, e-United States, okuyiqiniso elithakazelisayo, okwakuyingqapheli enkulu kunazo zonke nenamandla kunawo wonke angaleso sikhathi.
Zombili lezi zinyanga zincane futhi azifani, empeleni zifana nama-asteroid kuneNyanga yethu, okuthi ngenxa yobukhulu bayo ibe yindilinga ngokuphelele.
Ukuqagela ngaphambi kokutholwa Kwezinyanga ze-Mars
Nakuba zombili iNyanga ye-Mars zatholakala ngo-1877, imibono yokuqala mayelana nokuba khona kwazo ihlehlela emuva eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 futhi kuthiwa yabangelwa isazi sezinkanyezi saseJalimane. UJohannes Kepler, owayecabanga ukuthi ukwakheka kwesimiso sonozungezilanga kufanele kulawulwe ukuvumelana kwezinombolo uPythagoras ayekuhlongoze kuwumsebenzi wakhe.
Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngomsebenzi othakazelisayo walo sosayensi? Ungaphuthelwa isihloko sethu mayelana ezithakazelisayo impilo nomsebenzi kaJohannes Kepler
Umbono owasetshenziswa uKepler ukuze asekele umbono wakhe wokuthi iMars inezinyanga ezimbili wawulula kakhulu: iplanethi yethu, uMhlaba, esendaweni yesithathu emzileni welanga uneNyanga eyodwa kuphela kanti iJupiter yayisendaweni yesihlanu futhi ngaleso sikhathi kwakukholelwa ukuthi kuphela. kwadingeka 4 izinyanga ngoba ngaleso sikhathi kuphela 4 Amasathelayithi aseGalile. Kunobudlelwano obuthokozisayo phakathi kwalokhu kucabanga kanye nethiyori ye ukuzungezisa kanye nomjikelezo wokuhumusha we-Mars.
Ngakho, ngenani lezinombolo, iMars, eyayiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwakho kokubili, yathola izinyanga ezimbili.
Ngokuqinisekile idatha uKepler ayenayo yayingalungile ngokuphelele, njengoba kwakunjalo nesimiso sokuvumelana kwezinombolo (okwathi ngemva kweminyaka eyalahlwa ngokwakhe) kanye neqiniso lokuthi wayeqinisile ngenani leNyanga ye-Mars kwakungeyona into engaphezu kwengozi ejabulisayo.
Izinyanga ze-Mars: Umlando wamagama
KwakunguHall ngokwakhe, lapho ebathola, owanakekela ukuqamba izinyanga ezisanda bonwa zeplanethi ebomvu. ucingo olukhulu kakhulu Phobos futhi encane kokubili, ngimbiza I-Deiphos. Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana ezahlukene iziphuphutheki zemvelo, lesi sixhumanisi sizoba wusizo kuwe.
Asho ukuthini lamagama?
Iqiniso elimangalisayo ukuthi iHholo wababhapathiza esebenzisa amagama amawele kaNkulunkulu weMpi wamaRoma, iMars (wayeyoba olingana namaRoma no-Ares, unkulunkulu wempi wamaGreki); Phobos (okusho ukwethuka) kanye ne-Deimos (ukwesaba).
U-Asafa Hall akazange athole ukuthi wayefaneleka kangakanani ukusebenzisa “abantwana” njengesithenjwa sokukhetha amagama ezinyanga zaseMartian.
Ocwaningweni olwenziwe ngo-2018 ngabakwa I-Southwest Research Institute E-United States, iNyanga ye-Mars ingaba ngokoqobo amadodakazi eplanethi i-Mars, njengoba ngokocwaningo, izinyanga zenziwe ngamaminerali afanayo neplanethi ngokwayo.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi zombili izinyanga zikaMars zingamatshe amabili amakhulu ayinsalela akhishelwe emkhathini weMartian ngemva kokuba iplanethi ihlangabezane nokungqubuzana okukhulu nenye indikimba yasezulwini (okungenzeka isibhakabhaka esikhulu) cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4.000 edlule, kuyilapho isimiso sonozungezilanga sasiseyindawo enobutha kakhulu yokuphila. Ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nomkhuba we Uhambo oluya ku-Mars esihlokweni esilandelayo.
Izinyanga ze-Mars: Phobos
I-Phobos inkulu kunazo zonke ezinyangeni ezimbili ze-Mars futhi futhi, kulezi ezimbili, iseduze kakhulu neplanethi, njengoba le nyanga izungeza ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-9300 kuphela ukusuka ebusweni beplanethi. Eduze kakhulu, uma sicabanga ukuthi inyanga yethu ingama-384.000 km ukusuka eMhlabeni.
Nakuba ithathwa njengeNyanga ngenxa yenkathi yayo yokuzungeza i-Mars, empeleni ibukeka njenge-asteroid ngoba incane kakhulu. I-Phobos ikala amakhilomitha angu-29 x 18.4 nje kuphela futhi ukwakheka kwayo kungavamile, njengoba noma iyiphi i-orphan asteroid ingase ibukeke. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nalolu hlobo lwendikimba yasezulwini, bheka isihloko sethu esithi amatshe enyanga.
Ngenxa yokuba seduze kwayo neplanethi, i-Phobos ithintwa kakhulu amandla adonsela phansi ale planethi, iqeda umjikelezo ojikelezayo esikhathini esingamahora angu-7.6 nje.
Nakuba yakhiwe ngamatshe aqinile, indaba yayo iyingcosana kakhulu, iveza inani elikhulu lokubhoboza kanye nokubhoboza okujwayelekile. Ukuqaphela kwakamuva okwenziwe ngophenyo I-Mars Global Surveyor bonisa ukuthi indawo yenyanga yenziwe ungqimba lwe regolith cishe ugqinsi lwamamitha ayi-100.
Nakuba kungakaqinisekiswa, akukhishwa ngaphandle kokuthi amaqoqo amanzi ayiqhwa, afana nalawo atholakala kuyi-Mars, angase alale ngaphansi kwe-Phobos. Lokhu kutholakala kungaba okubalulekile kulaba i-exobiology kanye nempilo yangaphandle.
Ngokungafani neNyanga yethu, i-Phobos ihlale ibhekene ngendlela efanayo ne-Mars ngenxa yomphumela wento eyaziwa ngokuthi i-tidal anchoring, noma ukuzungezisa okuvumelanayo, njengoba yaziwa futhi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba isathelayithi ithatha isikhathi esifanayo ukuqedela ukunyakaza kokuzungeza njengesikhathi esithathayo ukuze umuntu abuyele emzileni, ngakho-ke izohlale ikhombisa i-hemisphere efanayo ku-eksisi yayo yokuzungezisa.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu obuncane bePhobos kanye nebanga eliseduze kwayo neplanethi, kancane kancane izolahlekelwa ijubane layo lokuzungeza ngenxa yokudonsela phansi komhlaba. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi inyanga izolahlekelwa ukuzungeza kwayo futhi ithinte i-Mars cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-50.
Okuthile okufanele sicabange ngakho uma sisakholelwa ukuthi singasungula amakoloni abantu ku-Mars. Uma ungathanda ukufunda okwengeziwe nge-Mars, vakashela isihloko sethu ku- Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-Mars.
Izinyanga ze-Mars: I-Deimos
I-Deimos incane kunazo zonke Ezinyangeni ze-Mars, izilinganiso zakamuva ezenziwe ama-probe ku-Mars ziveze ukuthi le sathelayithi yemvelo encane inobubanzi obungamakhilomitha angu-12.4 endaweni yayo ebanzi kakhulu.
I-Deimos futhi ingaphandle kwezinyanga ze-Red Planet, ilele ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-23.500 ukusuka ebusweni be-Mars. Ngenxa yalokho, isikhathi sayo sokuzungeza sithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunesewele layo. I-Deimos ithatha isilinganiso samahora angu-30.3 ukuqedela ukuphenduka okukodwa emhlabeni.
Njenge-Phobos, ingaphezulu le-Moon Deimos lenziwe ikakhulukazi nge-regolith ecoliseke kakhulu. Iphinde ibe nensada yetshe eliqinile elakhiwe ngekhabhoni.
Ukucatshangelwa kokuqala ngemva kokutholakala kweDeimos kwasikisela ukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, ukuma, nokubunjwa kwayo, le nyanga yayiyisibhakabhaka esivamile esasiphazanyiswe amandla adonsela phansi eMartian eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu edlule. Nokho, ucwaningo lwamuva lusikisela ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi inyanga yaba umphumela wokushayisana phakathi kweMars nenye indikimba enkulu yasezulwini, eyayizoyiqondisa kangcono umoya we-Mars.
Ukubuka iDeimos eMhlabeni akulula kakhulu ngoba iyindikimba yasezulwini encane kakhulu futhi njengoba iseduze neplanethi yayo, kusibekela ukukhanya kokucwebezela kweMars.
Nokho, njengoba uphenyo lwasemkhathini oluthunyelwe ukuze luhlole iplanethi ebomvu, kuye kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqoqa imininingwane enembile ngokubunjwa kwenhlabathi yawo kanye nokuba khona kwamaminerali abalulekile endaweni yawo.
Iqiniso elimangalisayo ngale nyanga ukuthi izungeza eduze kakhulu nomugqa wenkabazwe yaseMartian futhi incane kakhulu kangangokuthi ayinakubonwa isuka ku-Mars ezindaweni ezikude ezingaphezu kuka-83.7°.
