Uma sikhuluma ngezinyanga, sigxila ngokushesha enyangeni yoMhlaba. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi ayigcini nje ngeplanethi yethu; amaplanethi amaningana nawo amelelwa yizigidi zezinyanga, enye yazo eyiSaturn. Kulesi sihloko, ngizokhuluma ngalokho kanye: izinyanga zikaSaturn.
ISaturn njengePlanethi
I-Saturn iyiplanethi yesithupha ukusuka eLangeni ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga , eyesibili ngobukhulu ngobukhulu nangesisindo ngemva kwe-Jupiter, futhi iyona kuphela enesistimu yendandatho ebonakala eMhlabeni. Igama layo livela kunkulunkulu wamaRoma uSaturn. Uma ungathanda ukuhlola okwengeziwe ngale planethi, ungafunda ngamaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-Saturn noma izici zayo.
Ingenye yamaplanethi amakhulu angaphandle noma anegesi. Isici esivelele kakhulu seSaturn yizindandatho zayo ezikhazimulayo. Ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwetheleskopu, iSaturn yayiyiplanethi ekude kakhulu kunawo wonke afundwayo futhi, emehlweni enyama, yayingabonakali ikhanya kakhulu noma ikhangayo. UGalileo wayengowokuqala ukuthola lezi zindandatho ngo-1610, kodwa ukuphambuka okuphansi kwezindandatho kanye nokukhanya kwesibonakude sakhe kwaqala kwamholela ekukholweni ukuthi kwakuyizinyanga ezinhle kakhulu zikaSaturn.
Kulokhu, uChristiaan Huygens, enezinsiza zocwaningo ezingcono, wakwazi ukukhombisa amasongo ngokucacile ngo-1659. UJames Clerk Maxwell, ngo-1859, wabonisa ngokwezibalo ukuthi amasongo awakwazi ukuba yinto eyodwa eqinile kodwa kunalokho kumelwe abe yizigidi zama-athomu amancane. Izinhlayiya ezakha amasongo kaSaturn zihamba ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angu-48,000 ngehora, okushesha ngokuphindwe ka-15 kune-ball bearing.
Ungase ube nentshisekelo naku: IZINTO EZINTATHU EZIBALULEKILE ZOMkhathi WOMHLABA EZIVUMELWA YI-NASA.
ISaturn nezinyanga zayo
Izinyanga eziningi ezizungeza iSaturn ziyahlukahluka ngesimo, ubukhulu, kanye nemvelaphi. Ezinye zinobuso obuqinile, obuqoshwe ngezithombe, kanti ezinye zingena kalula futhi zimbozwe yizinhlayiya eziqinile, ezineziqhingi nezintaba. Zonke zinezimbobo ngamazinga ahlukene, kodwa ngayinye inomlando wayo ohlukile. Ungafunda kabanzi ngamasathelayithi emvelo uma unesifiso sokuhlola lesi sihloko kabanzi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezinyanga zikaSaturn.
Ezinye, njengoDione noTethys, zibonisa ubufakazi bomsebenzi we-geological , futhi ubuso bazo buyahlukana futhi buhlukana. Ezinye, njengoJanus no-Epimetheus, kubonakala sengathi beziyingxenye yama-satellite amakhulu ahlukana futhi ahlukana, futhi manje imijikelezo yawo isetshenziswa njalo ekuthuthweni. Ukuqonda ukuthi lezi zinyanga zixhumana kanjani nohlelo lweSaturnian kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngomlando walolu hlelo lwamaplanethi. Ungahlola futhi kabanzi mayelana nezici ze-Uranus , enye yezindawo ezinkulu zegesi.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uPrometheus noPandora basebenzisana nezinto zendandatho, belusa indandatho ekuzuleni kwabo. Amanye amasathelayithi amancane abanjwe ekuzuleni okufanayo, njengeTethys noDione. Inkolelo-mbono yalezi zinyanga isinikeza ukuqonda okuningi ngomlando wesistimu yeSaturnian kanye neSistimu Yelanga esimweni esijwayelekile.
Iziqongo zeNyanga eziyi-13 zikaSaturn
Ezinye zezinyanga zikaSaturn yilezi:
1. Inyanga Titan.
Lena inyanga yesibili ngobukhulu ohlelweni lonke lwelanga, ngemuva kukaGanymede, enye yezinyanga zikaJupiter . Inesimo sezulu esigoqene ngokuqinile esingamakhilomitha angama-600 ubukhulu, esakhiwe yi-nitrogen engama-95%. Ubuso bayo bugcwele imifula namachibi e-ethanol ewuketshezi kanye ne-methanol. Ungafunda kabanzi ngale nyanga esigabeni sethu semibuzo yesistimu yelanga.
2. Luna Rea.
URhea, inyanga kaJupiter, wakhiwe yiqhwa elingamakota amathathu kanye nedwala elingamakota elilodwa. Kufana nebhola elikhulu leqhwa. Libizwa ngegama likaTitaneness Rhea, udadewabo nomkaCronus (owayezoba uSaturn ezinganekwaneni zamaRoma ), kanye nonina kaZeus (kuJupiter). URhea futhi uyisathelayithi ethakazelisayo yokufunda maqondana nezici zamanye amaplanethi.
3. Inyanga Iapetus.
Inyanga u-Iapetus inohlangothi olulodwa olukhanyayo nolumhlophe kanye nohlangothi olulodwa olumnyama nolumnyama, olufana ne-ayisikhilimu kashokoledi ne-vanilla. U-Iapetus wayenguyise omkhulu ka-Atlas no-Prometheus.
4. Moon Phoebe.
UPhoebe inyanga ezungeza iSaturn ngendlela ephambene nezinyanga ezikhuphukayo zeSaturn . Ingamakhilomitha angaba ngu-200 kuphela ububanzi futhi ayikhiphi ukukhanya; imnyama kakhulu. Iyinto ethakazelisayo kososayensi, abacabanga ukuthi ingaba yinsalela yezinkanyezi evela ngaphandle kweSistimu Yelanga ebanjwe umjikelezo weplanethi. UPhoebe wayengomunye wamaTitan, kodwa igama lakhe lanikezwa no-Artemis, unkulunkulukazi wezolimo nokuzingela.
5. Inyanga Enceladus.
Le nyanga inezintaba-mlilo zeqhwa ezisebenza ngezintaba-mlilo . UCassini wabona imifantu lapho iqhwa elincibilikisiwe laliqhekeka khona, kwakha ifu lomhwamuko wamanzi endaweni eseningizimu yenyanga. Ingenye yezinto ezikhanya kakhulu ohlelweni lwethu lwelanga. I-Enceladus yayiyiplanethi enkulu, enezikhali eziyikhulu eyaphuma egazini lika-Uranus lapho indodana yakhe uCronus imbulala inzalo. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, ifihliwe ngaphansi kweNtaba i-Etna, okwengeza emfihlakalo yayo.
6. Inyanga Hyperion.
I-Hyperion, inyanga ebhekwa njengomlindi, yayinguyise kaSelene (inyanga), uHelios (ilanga), no-Eos (ukusa). Lesi sathelayithi esingavamile, esigcwele imigodi neqhwa, siyingane kaPhoebe no-Iapetus. Lezi zinyanga ezintathu zikude kakhulu neSaturn emizuliswaneni yazo. Ukujikeleza kwazo akujwayelekile futhi akujwayelekile.
7. I-Luna Pan.
Inyanga yesikhombisa yiPan, ejikeleza phakathi kwezindandatho zokuqala zikaSaturn futhi ingenye yezinyanga ezingomelusi ezisiza ekugcineni isikhala esiphakathi kwazo. Iqanjwe ngegama likankulunkulu wamaGreki owayelusa imihlambi. Ucwaningo ngalezi zinyanga lungathuthukisa nokuqonda kwethu ngemvelaphi yokuphila okungenzeka.
8. Inyanga Tethys.
I-Tethys, inyanga ezinganekwaneni, ingunina wama-Oceanids ayizinkulungwane ezintathu. Ine -crater enkulu , eyabangelwa umthelela othile, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Odysseus' Crater, kanye nesigodi esikhulu esibizwa ngokuthi i-Ithaca, indawo yokuhlala ka-Odysseus. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yakhiwe kakhulu yiqhwa futhi inganikeza izinkomba mayelana...
9. Luna Dione.
UDione, inyanga, waziwa njengendodakazi kaTethys futhi, ngokusho kwe-Iliad, unina ka-Aphrodite . Le nyanga yenziwe ngokuphelele ngama-silicates neqhwa, okwenza kube yinto ethakazelisayo yokufunda izinhlelo zenyanga zamanye amaplanethi.
10. Luna Mimas.
I-Mimas ingenye yezinyanga eziningi zeSaturn , futhi ijikeleza eduze kakhulu neplanethi. Incane futhi ineqhwa. Ososayensi eCornell University eNew York basanda kuphetha, ngemva kokutadisha izithombe zayo kanye nokujikeleza kwayo, ukuthi ingaphakathi lenyanga alivamile. Kunamathuba amabili: kungaba iqandisiwe ngokuphelele futhi ide, njengebhola le-rugby, noma igcina ulwandle olumanzi olungaba lubalulekile empilweni yangaphandle komhlaba.
11. Pandora Moon.
I-Pandora inyanga kaSaturn eyatholakala ngo-1980 yi-Voyager probe. Empeleni iyisidumbu esifana kakhulu ne-Prometheus eseduze. Igama likaPandora livela kowesifazane wokuqala ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki. Kanye no-Prometheus, zombili ziyizinyanga zomalusi zendandatho yangaphandle kaSaturn, i-F Ring. Ukuzifunda kunganikeza ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuziphatha kukaSaturn njengeplanethi.
I-Pandora ikhombisa ama-crater amaningi kune-Prometheus futhi inezindawo zokungenisa umoya okungenani ezimbili ezingamakhilomitha angama-30 ububanzi, yize ingenayo izindawo eziphakeme noma izigodi ezibalulekile. Njengoba iphansi futhi i-albedo yayo iphakeme kakhulu, i-Pandora ibonakala ingumzimba oqinile, obandayo. Ngenxa yocwaningo olulinganiselwe olutholakala kulezi zinto ezimbili, okuningi kwalokhu okubonwe kusalokhu kungaqinisekiswa.
12. Luna Jano.
Inyanga uJanus iyisathelayithi yendabuko kaSaturn, eyaziwa nangokuthi uSaturn X. Iqanjwe ngegama likankulunkulu wamaRoma uJanus . UJanus uhlanganyela umjikelezo ofanayo nenyanga u-Epimetheus. Izazi zezinkanyezi zavuma ukuthi kwakukhona umzimba owodwa kuphela kulowo mjikelezo, futhi njengoba lokhu kuyiqiniso, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuthi ukubonwa kwezinto ezimbili ezahlukene kungahunyushwa njengokungathi ziyinto eyodwa. Ucwaningo lwezindlela zazo zokujikeleza kanye nokuguquguquka kungasiza ekuqondeni uhlelo lwezinyanga lukaNeptune.
13. Inyanga ka-Prometheus.
UPrometheus usebenza njengesathelayithi yomalusi yomphetho wangaphakathi wendandatho kaSaturn i-F . I-Pandora iyisathelayithi yomalusi yomphetho wangaphandle wendandatho. Uma ungathanda ukufunda kabanzi ngalezi zinhlobo zezinyanga, ngiyakumema ukuthi uhlole [isixhumanisi solwazi olufanele].
Le nyanga inesimo eside kakhulu, esilinganiselwa cishe ku-148 by 100 by 68 km. Ineziqongo eziningi nezigodi, kanti eminye imigodi engaba ngu-20 km ububanzi ibonakala. Kodwa-ke, inemigodi embalwa kakhulu kunenyanga eseduze iPandora, noma inyanga i-Epimetheus noJanus.
Nakuba kuneziphuphutheki eziningana nezinyanga ezizungeze iplanethi yethu ethakazelisayo iSaturn, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi kubalulekile ukugxila kakhulu ezifundweni nasocwaningweni olukhiqizwa yizinyanga zikaSaturn.