Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kanye nabesifazane. Phakathi neminyaka edlule, ngiye ngezwa ukungavunyelwa kwezihloko ezinjengocansi, ukushaya indlwabu, kanye nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili kwabesifazane. Konke okuhlobene nenjabulo yocansi bekulokhu futhi kuyaqhubeka nokuba yimfihlo, uma kungekona okudabukisayo obala, kuyindaba yabesifazane. Kungani kungavamile ukuba owesifazane avume ukuthi ubukele izithombe ezingcolile noma ukushaya indlwabu? Kungani kuyisihloko esivamile phakathi kwabantu, ngisho umthombo wokuziqhenya nokuhleka? Kungani, ngokomlando, abesifazane baye bavinjelwa futhi baqhubeka nokuvinjelwa ekuvezeni obala izinto esizithandayo nezokuziphatha ngaphandle kokwahlulelwa ngakho? Kungani uma owesifazane ethatha imikhuba eyayihloselwe amadoda ekuqaleni, abhekwe njengeyehlisa isithunzi? KANYE, Ingabe i-porn inalo ithuba lokuba ngowesifazane??
Namuhla ku postposmo, sibuyekeza umlando wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi sihlaziye izizathu futhi ngokumelene nalolu hlobo lwe-cinema.
Konke mayelana ne-porn kanye ne-feminism
Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nomuzwa wecala
Ngekhulu le-XNUMX, uPapa uClement VII wabopha umshicileli wokuqala wencwadi ethi "The Sixteen Pleasures" ngokuqukethe imibhalo ethile evusa inkanuko. Ngemva kwalokhu, wasongela noma ubani owayenesibindi sokuphinde alinyathelise ngesijeziso esifanayo, futhi, yiqiniso, amakhophi ayimfihlo ayengalidalulanga igama lomshicileli ngokushesha avela.
Lena indlela icala lokuqala emlandweni izithombe zocansi ezingaphansi komhlaba baphishekelwe. Leli cala libalulekile njengoba libonisa ukuhlangana kokuqukethwe okuvusa inkanuko nomuzwa wecala, noma okuqukethwe inkanuko nesijeziso. Ngemuva kwalokho, amacala lapho abahleli nababhali bashushiswa khona ngokushicilela okuqukethwe kocansi-mbumbulu aphindwa, njalo ezandleni ze-Inquisition kanye neSonto LamaKatolika (González, 2017).
Lapho wenza ucwaningo ngezinkundla zokuxhumana futhi ubuza Ingabe wake wazizwa unecala lapho ubuka izithombe ezingcolile zobulili? Siyathola phakathi kwabesifazane kuphendula like:
- "Yebo. Ekuqaleni abangani bami babengayiboni, kwakungathi into embi kubantu besifazane, manje sengiyiqedile leyo mikhuba.”
- “Ngezinye izikhathi ngiye ngizizwe nginamahloni kakhulu kunokuba nginecala ngoba 'kuyinto engathandeki' noma into engavamile ngowesifazane ukubuka izithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Kwesinye isikhathi ngike ngizizwe nginecala ngokucabanga ukuthi amantombazane akumavidiyo kungenzeka ukuthi awavumanga akwenzayo ezigcawini zawo.”
- “Ngisakhula ngangizizwa nginecala ngenxa yokuthi kwakufana nento engavamile emantombazaneni, engekho. Manje angisenandaba."
- "Ngesikhathi ngiqala ukudla i-porn ngazizwa nginecala ngoba ngangicabanga ukuthi kwakungamukeleki kubantu besifazane ukwenza lokho."
- "Ngenxa yokuthi emphakathini wanamuhla akubonakali kahle ukuthi umuntu wobulili besifazane ubukela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi azijabulele, kuyinto ecishe ifihliwe."
- "Ngicabanga ukuthi intombazane akufanele isebenzise lo mkhiqizo."
- “Ngoba nganginemfundo yobuKatolika.”
- "Ngoba ayibonakali kahle emadodeni njengabesifazane."
Futhi, phakathi izimpendulo zamadoda, ezigqame kakhulu yilezi:
- "Ngoba akukho engikwenzayo ukuvimbela ukuxhashazwa kwabesifazane."
- "Ngobuqotho babalingisi kanye nendlela abaphathwa ngayo."
- "Ngesikhathi ngisemncane futhi ngingaqondi kahle ubulili bami noma inkululeko yocansi."
- "Ngicabanga ukuthi ngenxa yethonya lobuKristu."
- "Ukuphathwa kabi kwabantu besifazane."
Uma siqhathanisa izimpendulo, siyakubona lokho imbangela yokusolwa ayihlanganyelwa njalo. Nakuba izimpendulo zabesilisa zigxile "empathweni ecasulayo" kumlingisi we-porn, izimpendulo zabesifazane zikhuluma ngobandlululo emphakathini kanye "nomsebenzi njengowesifazane". Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthombo we icala lihlala lihlobene nowesifazane. Indoda njengomnakekeli, owesifazane njengesisulu.
Umlando omfushane we-Porn
Kodwa, ukuze sikwazi ukwakha umbono ngayo (hhayi ukuthi ngiwuchaze ngokwedlulele) kuzodingeka sazi ukuthi iqale kanjani futhi nini. Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile njengoba sizazi namuhla ngeke zizalwe, ngokunengqondo, kuze kusungulwe i-cinema.
La owesifazane wokuqala ukukhumula esikrinini wayengumlingisi uLouis Willy womqondisi u-Oskar Messter ngo-1896 [1]. Kodwa izithombe ezingenacala zika-Messter ngeke ziphinde zenziwe kabusha ebhizinisini lomhlaba wonke kuze kube sekuveleni kwe-cinema ye-8mm, lapho incazelo yangempela yemboni yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile isungulwa.
Ngaphansi kwalesi sakhiwo, izigcawu zocansi ezisakhula zaqala ukuqoshwa futhi amafilimu athunyelwe azoba yizinto ezibukwa yizikhulu, izicukuthwane nabacebile (Lust, 2008).
Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalombili, i ukufika kwe-VHS, evumele ukufinyelela kumafilimu abantu abadala kumabonakude wasekhaya, imele ukuhlehliswa kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini enesilinganiso esingu-X, ehlehliselwe ngemuva, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano kubakhiqizi nabasabalalisi bevidiyo abasha, nakuba futhi nokwehla kwekhwalithi yobuchwepheshe neyochwepheshe. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Candida Royalle, owayengumlingisi we-porn, usungule inkampani yakhe yokukhiqiza (i-Femme) ukuze avuselele imboni ngokwakha "i-cinema elinganiselwe ngo-X yezithandani" kanye nokukhuthaza ifilimu. umbono omusha wabesifazane ku-cinema. Imakethe yayingakakulungeli ukuyibiza nge-ethical cinema, ingasaphathwa eye-feminist.
Ngemva kwalokho, waqala Isistimu Yenkanyezi wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile, isikhathi lapho kuvela khona izinkanyezi ezinjengoRocco Siffredi noma uJenna Jameson, abalingisi abajwayele ukwenza lo msebenzi, baqale ukuvela emaphephandabeni futhi babe nesenzakalo sabo sabalandeli.
URocco siffredi
Kodwa-ke, nge ubunzima bomnotho amazwe aseNtshonalanga abhekane nawo kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yesibili yeminyaka, umkhakha wezocansi uzothinteka ngokuphawulekayo. Inzuzo yayo izokwehla ngo-50% (Barba, 2009), ngenxa yakho kokubili isimo esibi somnotho samazwe ngamazwe kanye ne-Internet boom kanye nempumelelo ye-porn yamahhala kuwebhu.
U-Annie Fafaza
Njengoba sibhekene nalesi simo, kanye negagasi lesithathu lokulwela amalungelo abantu besifazane elihlanganisa nezithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezingxoxweni zabo, kwavela—futhi kusaqhubeka nanamuhla— isibalo sabesifazane nabesilisa abalwela amalungelo abesifazane abathathe isinqumo sokuguqula imboni ngaphakathi; isibonelo, u-Anne Sprinkle, umlingisi we-porn owabiza lo mkhakha njengobandlululo ngokobulili futhi ongenasibopho. lapho sibhekene nenkinga ye-AIDS kanye nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi nokuthi uqhubekile nokuqondisa amafilimu akhe futhi ahlele izinhlelo lapho athuthukisa khona izici zakhe njengeciko, umfundisi wezocansi kanye nesishoshovu sabesifazane. Noma uNina Hartley, omunye umlingisi wezithombe zobulili ezingcolile owasiza ekuthuthukiseni imfundo yobulili futhi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuye “eziwumfanekiso wabadlali. Kuyinganekwane, akuhloselwe ukuba incwadi yemithetho noma umhlahlandlela” (Umhleli La Patilla, 2009). Ngalesi sitatimende, umlingisi ubonisa umehluko phakathi kwezithombe ezingcolile zobulili kanye nemfundo yezocansi, ngaphezu kwegebe elikhulu elikhona ezikhungweni zemfundo ukwenza okwesibili kuqondwe futhi kudluliselwe.
Louis Willy njengomqondisi u-Oskar Messter ngo-1896
[1] Ukulandelana kwakuhlanganisa nje owesifazane osemusha ongena kubhavu, kodwa, ngenxa yempumelelo yakho, umqondisi wakhulula ibhethri elikhulu lamafilimu abesifazane abanqunu benza imisebenzi eyahlukene.
Ziyini izithombe ezingcolile zobulili ezivamile?
Ngemva kokubuyekeza umlando, ake sihambe sizungeze imiqondo ethile ebalulekile kanye nokuzindla.
izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyagxekwa kuqhakanjiswe ngoba iqinisa ukwakhiwa komphakathi kobulili, enikeza abesifazane indima yabesifazane abakhuluphele kakhulu, nasendodeni indima yokuba ngamadoda-amandla. Ngokusho kwe-theorist yabesifazane, uma izikhundla zamandla ezikhiqizwa empilweni yomphakathi zicatshangwa ngokuphelele ngamadoda, lesi senzo sizophindwa ngaphandle kokubhekisela empilweni yangasese, lapho indoda izophinde ithathe indima evelele, lapho Ezimweni eziningi, khona-ke indoda izophinde ithathe indima eyinhloko. ama-binomials amadoda abusayo, azithobayo wesifazane azophindwa.
Lokhu kunokubhalelana okucacile ezithombeni zobulili ezingcolile ezivamile noma ezivamile, akumangazi ukuthi ubuhle bowesifazane obudlulele (hhayi obufazi) bumelwe kule cinema. Incazelo yaleli qiniso ingenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu amafilimu abhalwa, aqondiswe futhi akhiqizwe amadoda, okuphatha uhlobo njengomkhiqizo omiselwe cishe ngokukhethekile umthengi wesilisa. Kungakho sibona kulawa mafilimu abesifazane begqoke ngokuhambisana nobuhle obuvelele emqondweni wesilisa: ukushefa ngokuphelele, ukuhlinzwa, izithende eziphakeme, izingubo zangaphansi ezinhle, njll.
Uma sesamukele ukuthi abantu bayimikhiqizo yomphakathi, okulolonga futhi kuthonye kokubili imicabango yethu nalokho esikuthandayo, kanye nezinqumo zethu, kufanele sifeze lezi zifiso ngendlela eqotho kakhulu. futhi ilapha lapho kungena khona imfundo nabezindaba, abantu abayinhloko abaphethe ukusabalalisa ukwaziswa nokusifundisa okufanele sikwenze ngakho. Yile ndlela i-subjectivities eza ngayo empini, ngubani olungile futhi ongeyena, kanye nenkulumo-mpikiswano ebabazekayo yokuthi ukusesha iqiniso eliphelele kungenzeka noma cha, ukuthi kukhona yini isinqumo esilungile se-100% mayelana nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile. Yingakho impikiswano yezocansi ibanzi kangaka futhi ibangela izihibe eziningi. Ingabe i-porn ilungile? Ingabe kuyadingeka noma kuyingozi? Ingabe kufanele kube ngokwejwayelekile noma kwenqatshelwe? Ingabe abesifazane kufanele bavikele izithombe zobulili ezingcolile?
Kulula ukubona imibono ehlukene mayelana nalesi simo, kodwa okungenakuphikwa ukuthi namuhla izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyasetshenziswa, futhi ziningi, nokuthi ingxenye enkulu yokuqukethwe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile kuqhakanjiswe. I-inthanethi yenza izithombe ezingcolile zifinyeleleke kalula, kodwa hhayi ukwethembeka nakakhulu.
ABESIFAZANE KANYE NE-PONOGRAFI: IMPIKISWANO
Ubufazi buvuna izithombe ezingcolile
Uma kucatshangelwa lokhu okungenhla, kungashiwo ukuthi izizathu ze-pro kanye ne-anti-pornography-ngaphakathi emkhakheni we-feminism-zihlukaniswe zibe ezimbili, labo abavikela izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nalabo abamelene nazo.
✔ Abagqugquzeli bezocansi abafana no-Anna Span (u-Anna Arrowsmith) banikeza ezocansi indima enhle emphakathini. Laba bantu besifazane babheka ukuthi imboni yezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ikhona futhi ibilokhu ikhona umkhakha ophethwe ngamadoda futhi ugijimela amadoda futhi leli qiniso liyashintsha kancane kancane libe yisigameko lapho owesifazane uqondisa izithombe zobulili ezingcolile futhi owesifazane ubukela izithombe zocansi. Kodwa elinye iqiniso: amadoda nabesifazane balangazelela izinhlobo eziningi zobulili ezingcolile.
Sithi amadoda nabesifazane ngoba kungaba ukunciphisa ukuphetha ngokuthi ngabesifazane kuphela abafuna ukuhlukahluka okuningi: kufanele sivume ukuthi amadoda wesifazane, i-pro-pornography kanye nokuqaphela leli qiniso, futhi bathi bavumelana ne-porn yokuziphatha.
✔ Esinye isizathu esivikela i- ukuma kwe-pro-sex feminist [2] ukuthi kucatshangelwa ukuthi uHulumeni kanye nezikhungo, okufanele zisiqondise ekuqaleni, aziphethe ukufundisa ngezocansi ngendlela efanele, ewusizo nelungile, futhi othile kufanele akwenze. iningi labo abantu abasha baphendukela ku-porn ukuze babe nokuxhumana kwabo kokuqala nobulili. Eqinisweni, ukuntuleka kwemfundo eyanele yobulili kuyinkinga eshaqisayo, njengoba kungase kubonakale ekugxekeni kwalolu chungechunge. Shameless.
Inkinga? Lezo zithombe zobulili ezingcolile zamanje - ikakhulukazi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zamahhala - azidluliseli amanani okufanele futhi ziqhubekisele phambili izinhlaka zomphakathi ezikhona. "Uma kuphele. Ngifisa sengathi icala lilele kwezocansi futhi singaqeda umphakathi onobulili ngokuwuqeda. Kungaba lula kakhulu ”(Llopis, 2012).
[2] I-Prosex feminism, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-feminism yocansi noma i-feminism ekhululekile ngokocansi, iyinhlangano yamanje ngaphakathi kwemikhuba yabesifazane eyaqala ekuqaleni kwawo-XNUMX. Igxile embonweni wokuthi inkululeko yocansi iyingxenye ebalulekile yenkululeko yabesifazane. Le nhlangano yazalwa njengendlela yokusabela ku-anti-pornism feminism, ebeka ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile ziyingxenye yokucindezelwa kwabesifazane. Ingcaphuno eqoqwe ku-Wikipedia.
ubufazi ngokumelene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile
✘ I-feminism eyaziwa ngokuthi "igagasi lesibili" iwukuthi umvikeli wombono wokuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile azihlukaniseki nokucindezelwa nokungahloniphi ubulili. Omunye wabaphikisi abanethonya elikhulu, uGermaine Greer, wachazela i-BBC ukuthi imboni yezocansi “iwumbuzo wemali, hhayi inkululeko. Amanyala anendima ebalulekile kwezobuciko, kanye nobuciko obuvusa inkanuko, kodwa ukukhuluma ngokuqinile izithombe zobulili ezingcolile akuyona into engaphezu kwendlela yokwenza imali ”(Greer, apud Ventura, 2013).
✘ Umzimba womuntu kanye nocansi kuyakhangiswa njengomunye umkhiqizo womphakathi wanamuhla wonxiwankulu. Okusho ukuthi, njengakunoma yiliphi elinye ibhizinisi, inhloso yale cinema ukukhiqiza imali futhi kukhona osomabhizinisi abaningi bezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ababeka eceleni amalungelo abasebenzi nezindinganiso zokuziphatha ukuze bagxile kuphela kulokho abakubona kunenzuzo kakhulu.
✘ Ngaphezu kwalokhu, isishoshovu esilwela amalungelo abesifazane uBeatriz Gimeno, isekela laseSpain lePodemos eMphakathini waseMadrid, uyavuma ukuthi “kufanele sibuze ukuthi isifiso sakhiwe kanjani ngoba othile uphethe izifiso zabesifazane futhi ungonxiwankulu nobunzalamizi. ” ( I-Nut, 2016). Isisekelo salo silele embonweni wokuthi ezocansi ezaziwa kakhulu zimelela futhi ziqinisa izikhundla zamandla emphakathini, futhi ayifaki isandla ekuziqedeni.
✘ Esinye isimo esibucayi mayelana ne-porn sigxile ku- ukuxhashazwa kwabalingisi/abalingisi. "Ku-porn, njengobufebe, bakhuluma kuphela-noma sifuna nje ukulalela-kwabesifazane abazibona begcwalisekile futhi bejabule, hhayi kulabo abaye baphuma futhi basinda" (Casa Villa, 2016). Kulokhu, inhlangano ye-pro-sex iphikisana nalokho ukuxhashazwa kusobala ohlelweni lonxiwankulu, nokuthi kubonakala kulula ukuthatha isimo esibucayi ngokumelene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngesisekelo "sokuxhashazwa" kwabathengisa ngomzimba. Kodwa kulula futhi ukuklelisa amabhizinisi omhlaba, ake sithi, izingubo, axhaphaza abesifazane nezingane emazweni omhlaba wesithathu.
Konke lokhu kuholela embuzweni wezomthetho okuthi, ngamafuphi, futhi ngaphandle kokuvinjelwa okunengqondo futhi okudingekile kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile zezingane, okunye okunye. ezicini ezingokomthetho ezihlobene nezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ku-inthanethi zinezikhala ezingokomthetho, ngokuhlukile okuthile okujwayelekile okusebenzayo futhi ngesifaniso nokuthi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kunikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu, nakuba kungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ngendlela enobulungisa noma esemthethweni kakhulu.
Izithombe zobulili ezingcolile nokufundisa ngocansi
Ngamafuphi, kukhona ukuntuleka kwemfundo efanele yezocansi ezweni lethu, engenza kube nokwenzeka ukugwema imizwa yecala futhi ingafundisa ukuthi izithombe zobulili ezingcolile azilona iqiniso kodwa ziwumfanekiso wazo, njenganoma yimuphi omunye umfanekiso wesinema.
Abezindaba kufanele basebenzisane nezikhungo zemfundo, ukuze ukwakha umphakathi okhululekile nogxekayo. Kodwa yilezi zikhungo (izikole, izikhungo, amanyuvesi) kanye nesikhungo somndeni okufanele siphathe ukufundisa ngocansi.
Nokho, kucatshangelwa ucwaningo lwangaphambilini, kuyaphawulwa ukuthi Le mfundo ayanele futhi kusobala ukuthi intsha ayizitholi izinkulumo ezanele ezifundisayo. Bazithola, ngale ndlela, ngaphambi kwezithombe zobulili ezingcolile ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi yini abachayeka kuyo, ukuthi yini engokoqobo futhi yini engekho.
Njengomphumela walokhu kucabanga, kuphakama imibuzo okungenzeka iqale imigqa emisha yocwaningo: yini engenzeka uma imfundo egcwele yokuziphatha ngokobulili idluliselwa emphakathini? Emphakathini olingana kakhulu futhi ongenacala, lapho ubulili bungasenandaba, ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zinganyamalala? Ingabe izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zingaphumelela ngendlela efanayo ukube bezingenakho ukwenzelela?
Uma ufuna ukuqhubeka nokuqeqeshwa nge-feminism, lapha siyahamba izinkulumo eziyisithupha ngalezi zihloko.
I-Bibliography
- BEARD, David. (2009) 100 abaseSpain nezocansi. Barcelona, Spain. Janes Square
- GONZÁLEZ, D. (April 2017). Isivivinyo sokuqala sezithombe ezingcolile sikaPapa Clement VII. Wena Magazini. Itholiwe:
- LLOPIS, M. (Novemba 18, 2012) Ikholomu: Izithombe zocansi ezisifanele. [Iposi lebhulogi] Umtholampilo Ku-inthanethi. Itholiwe: http://www.theclinic.cl/2012/11/18/columna–el–porno–que–nos–merecemos
- LUST, Ericka (2008) Izithombe zocansi zabesifazane. York Digital Umshicileli.
- LA PATILLA MHLELI (August 9, 2013) Owayeyisihlabani socansi umchitha njengomhlahlandlela wezocansi. Iphinikhodi. Ibuyiselwe: https://www.lapatilla.com/site/2013/08/09/ex-estrella-del-porno-lo-desestima-como-guia-sexual-para-couples/
- VENTURE, D. (2013). "I-Porn yinhle." BBC. Itholiwe: http://www.bbc.com/mundo/noticias/2013/05/130506_pornografia_buena_feminista_finde
- [latuerka] (September 28, 2016) En clave Tuerka - Izithombe Zobulili Ezingcolile Nobufazi. [Ifayela levidiyo] Litholiwe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nbzVa6XwQ0
