Ukwakhiwa komphakathi kanye nezakhiwo zakhiwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ezifana usimende, imishayo, amatshe, amanzi, isihlabathi, phakathi kwabanye. Ngayinye yazo ibaluleke kakhulu ekuzinzeni kwesakhiwo kodwa futhi ingasebenza njengama-ejenti angcolisayo, ngenxa yezinqubo zazo zokukhiqiza noma ngenxa yezinsalela lapho zisetshenziswa. Okulandelayo sizokwazi inketho yezemvelo enobungani nemvelo eyaziwa ngokuthi izitini ze-Ecological.
Izitini Zemvelo
Imisebenzi yezokwakha kanye neyomphakathi yakhiwa izakhi ezahlukahlukene (usimende, amathayili, imishayo, phakathi kwabanye) ukwenza umsebenzi wokwakha, izitini ziyizinto eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ekufezeni lezi zakhiwo, izitini ziyinqwaba yodaka olubhakiwe olunonxande. shape futhi isetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga nezakhiwo. Zenziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nobumba, i-kaolin, i-alumina, i-illite namanye amaminerali; ihlanganiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ize ithathe isimo oyifunayo.
Kwakhiwe ingqalasizinda eminingi ngale nto, okuyingxenye esetshenziswa kakhulu ngumuntu ukuthuthukisa umphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni. Maphakathi no-1999, unjiniyela wezokwakha owaziwa ngokuthi uHenry Liu wasebenza ezimbonini zamandla ashisayo lapho kwakhiwa khona izitini zezakhiwo zomphakathi, eqaphela ukuthi inqubo yokuzenza yakhiqiza amathani omlotha ofinyelela ezigidini ezingama-45, okubangela umthelela omkhulu kwezemvelo. ngemfucuza enqwabelene, imfucumfucu emanzini kanye nezinhlayiya ezilenga emoyeni.
Njengamanje, kuye kwavela imizamo eminingi yezemvelo, ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni izinto, izakhi kanye nezinqubo ezilimaza imvelo, lokhu kungenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokungcola okubonwa emhlabeni, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo kanye nokuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu. Izitini ziwuhlobo lwempahla engcolisa kakhulu futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zidinga amandla amaningi ukuze zenze. Ngenxa yalokhu, iphakamisa izitini zemvelo ezakhiwe ngezinto ezingenamthelela omubi emvelweni, kulandela ukwakhiwa okuhloniphekile nokusebenzisa izakhi ezisimeme zokwakha. Eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ecobricks.
Ukushintshwa kwezitini zendabuko kugxile ekusebenziseni izinto ezisimeme ezikhuthaza ukonga ugesi, ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint kanye nokukhuthaza ukusimama kwendawo ezungezile; izitini zemvelo zenziwa ngezinto ezingakhiqizi umthelela wemvelo. Banikeza ukumelana okufanayo noma okukhulu kunezivamile, kanye nenduduzo nokuphepha.
I-Ecoladrillos noma izitini zemvelo zingenziwa ngezinto ezihlukahlukene, ezinikeza izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene, kodwa zonke zinikeza izinzuzo ezingeni lemvelo kanye nokusimama; Ezinye zalezi zitsha zihlanganisa amabhodlela epulasitiki, ubumba, phakathi kwezinye. Njengamanje kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinkampani ezihlinzeka ngezitini zemvelo ezicutshunguliwe ngentengo efinyeleleka emphakathini, futhi kukhona ngisho nezindlela ezihlukene zokwenza lesi sitsha ngezinto ezenziwe ekhaya.
Izinhlobo zezitini ze-Ecological
Izitini zemvelo zinezimfanelo ezifanayo nezitini zendabuko, kodwa zisebenzisana nendawo ezungezile ngokusebenzisa izinto ezingalimazi kangako, ezibangela udoti omncane kodwa ngokusebenza okufanayo nokuhlala isikhathi eside. Njengamanje, izinhlobo ezahlukene zezitini ze-eco sezenziwe, zishintsha izakhi zokwakhiwa kwazo, ezichazwe ngezansi:
Izitini Zomlotha Wamalahle
Kwakuyizinto zokuqala ezasetshenziswa uHenry Liu ngo-1999, zibalulekile ekubuyiseleni umlotha okhiqizwa kuma-boilers wezitshalo zamandla kagesi ngamalahle, ngaphezu kokusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elisetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.
isitini esimnyama
Kuwuhlobo lwesitini olusacwaningwayo, ngakho-ke lusesigabeni se-prototype, sahlongozwa nguMichael Laracy noThomas Poinot, abaholi beqembu enkampanini ye-MIT; ochwepheshe banikeza inketho yokwenza izitini ngemfucuza evela embonini yephepha eNdiya. Ukuze kushintshwe isitini esibomvu (inhlanganisela yobumba) ezweni, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezinsiza kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwazo; ngale ndlela inzuzo ingatholakala kudoti wezimboni.
Izitini ze-Hemp kanye ne-Straw
Lolu hlobo lwesitini lwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili nge-hemp notshani noma ngamagobolondo amakinati, kuzo zombili izimo kunikezwa umkhiqizo ongazweli onezici zokuvikela, osiza ukonga amandla, ukunciphisa ukushisa nokusetshenziswa kwesimo somoya.
isitini esingalingani
Kuwuhlobo lwesitini olufana kakhulu nolwejwayelekile olwenziwe ngobumba, kulokhu lusebenzisa ngokunenzuzo izakhiwo zalo zokuvikela imvelo ukuze kuzuze imvelo. Izitini ezingavamile zenziwa ngokungeza izakhiwo zejometri ngendlela yonxantathu kanye nonxantathu, ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali angakwazi ukulawula nokunciphisa ukushisa, ukugcina imvelo ipholile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubangela ukufakwa kwe-acoustic futhi njalo kunikeza isakhiwo sobuhle kuma-facade.
Izitini Zomhlaba noma Isihlabathi Esicindezelwe
Lapho umhlaba unomswakama futhi uhambisana nezinye izakhi, ungahlanganiswa futhi unikeze isakhiwo sangaphakathi, ngalesi simiso izitini zomhlaba noma isihlabathi esicindezelwe zadalwa. Abiza kakhulu kunezinye futhi antekenteke kakhulu kunezitini zendabuko ngisho namabhulokhi kakhonkolo, kodwa ane-insulation ephakeme enciphisa umthelela we-carbon footprint emkhathini.
Isitini Esiqandisiwe Sentuthu
I-Massachusetts Institute of Technology igcina indinganiso yesimanjemanje yezitini eziluhlaza, isebenzisana ne-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, iphakamisa into ehlakaniphile, engasindi, futhi ehambisana nemvelo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-airgel, eyaziwa nangokuthi intuthu eqandisiwe. Ziyakwazi ukusekela izikhathi ezingu-160.000 zesisindo sazo futhi zivumela ukuphrinta kwe-3D okulula.
Izitini Zepulasitiki Esenziwe Kabusha
Izitini zemvelo zepulasitiki esenziwe kabusha yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu abantu, akwaziwa ukuthi ngubani owasungula, owaziwa ngokuthi izitini ze-eco ezenziwe ngemfucuza yasekhaya ikakhulukazi ngamabhodlela e-polyethylene alahliwe, alungele ukwakha izindonga nezindlu ezincane. Inqubo esetshenziswayo ilula kakhulu, isihlabathi noma imfucuza engeyona eyemvelo (iphepha, amakhadibhodi noma izikhwama) ifakwa ebhodleleni.
Inhloso eyinhloko ukugcwalisa amabhodlela ngezinto ezinikeza ukumelana, khona-ke kufanele ziqoqwe ekubunjweni lapho usimende uzongezwa khona ukugcwalisa izikhala. Ngesikhathi somiswa, kuzotholakala izitini ezinosayizi omuhle ezingasetshenziswa njengesikhunta samabhulokhi.
Izinzuzo zezitini ze-Ecological
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezitini zemvelo, ngayinye inikeza izinzuzo ezihlukene ezizuzisa kokubili isintu kanye nemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuyancomeka ukuthi kukhethwe eyodwa ebhekelela izidingo ezisemqoka zabantu futhi kucatshangelwe umphakathi. Ngalokhu kuyadingeka ukukhumbula izinzuzo zezitini zemvelo ngaphezu kwendabuko echazwe ngezansi:
- Ilondoloza
Ukwakhiwa kwezitini zemvelo kubonisa isici sokulondoloza, ngoba zingenziwa ngesandla ngezinto ezilahlwayo noma ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa, ngaphezu kokwelashwa kwazo okuvumela ukonga amandla uma kuqhathaniswa nokujwayelekile.
- Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinye izici
Bavumela ukuthi babe nezakhiwo ezisebenza njenge-insulator yomswakama, futhi banesibopho sokunciphisa umsindo nokulawula izinga lokushisa lemvelo (ukushisa noma ukubanda).
- Umthelela Ophansi Wezemvelo
Akuyona imfihlo umthelela omkhulu wemvelo izenzo zomuntu eziye zaba nawo endaweni ezungezile, ukucekela phansi imvelo, ukungcolisa imisinga yamanzi nokwandisa ukuwohloka kongqimba lwe-ozone. Njengamanje kunezinqubo eziningi zemvelo ezakhiwe ngezinto ezingenabungozi emvelweni futhi ezidinga izinqubo ezilula zokuchazwa kwazo, phakathi kwazo izitini ze-eco.
- Khanyisa
Izitini zemvelo zilula kakhulu kunezitini ezivamile, ikakhulukazi ngoba zinciphisa isikhathi sokwakha kanye nomzamo omncane wabasebenzi.
Izinzuzo ze-Ecological Plastic Bricks
Izinto ezikhethwayo zokwenza izitini zemvelo ziyipulasitiki, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imfucuza eyinhloko yomphakathi, ngakho-ke kufunwa izinketho zemvelo ezivumela ukuthi zisetshenziswe kabusha, kulokhu ukukhiqizwa kwezitini ze-eco. Ezinye zezinzuzo zayo zichazwe ngezansi:
- Zivumela ukufudumala okuphindwe kahlanu kunezitini zobumba ezibomvu.
- Banikeza ukufakwa okukhulu kokwakhiwa kwezindonga noma izindonga ezinobukhulu obuncane, cishe amasentimitha angu-15 kuya kwangu-30.
- Alula kakhulu, anesisindo esingaphansi kwekhilogremu.
- Zinokumelana okukhulu nokushisa okuphezulu futhi zikwazi ukumelana nomlilo, ngokusho kokuhlolwa kokusabalalisa ezivumela ukuqoqa ekilasini le-RE2, okubhekwa njengento enokusakazeka okuphansi.
- Isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza yokusebenzisa imfucuza yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha.
- Ayinamthelela ekwenzeni umhlabathi ube ugwadule, ngoba ukucaciswa kwawo akudingi ukuthintana nawo ngqo.
- Zibunjwa kalula ngemishini yezandla futhi azidingi ukudubula kumahhavini amakhulu; Lokhu kusiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komoya, ngaphezu kokungabangeli ukugawulwa kwezihlahla.
Ngokubona zonke izinzuzo zezitini zemvelo ezenziwe ngamabhodlela epulasitiki, zivumela ukuba nazo njengenketho yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zomphakathi ezifana nezindonga, izindonga, izindlu futhi ziye zasetshenziselwa ukwakha izakhiwo emiphakathini.
Inqubo yokwenza izitini ze-Ecological ngamabhodlela ePlastiki
Njengamanje, imiphakathi eminingi isebenzise inketho yokusebenzisa izitini zemvelo ekwakheni izindlu zabo, ukusebenzisana nemvelo kanye nokuba indawo efinyeleleka kalula emindenini eyakhayo. Izinyathelo okufanele zilandelwe ekwenzeni lolu hlobo lwempahla zimi kanje:
Isiteji 1: Ukulungiswa kwamabhodlela epulasitiki ezitini (ecobricks)
- Qoqa wonke amabhodlela epulasitiki okungenzeka (okungcono kakhulu), uwahlanze futhi ulondoloze ama-tampons ngamunye.
- Qala ukugcwalisa ibhodlela ngalinye eliqoqiwe ngazo zonke izinto ezingase zibe khona, isibonelo amakepisi epulasitiki, ucwecwe lwe-aluminium, izikhwama zepulasitiki, isiliva, phakathi kokunye.
- Phusha zonke izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa phansi ubangele ukuthi zonke zihlanganiswe.
- Qinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinto ezisetshenzisiwe zigcwalisa impahla futhi zihlanganise yonke into ize ivalwe ngepulaki.
- Le nqubo kufanele isetshenziswe ngebhodlela ngalinye lepulasitiki elifuna ukusetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwesitini.
Isiteji sesi-2: Ukucaciswa kwezitini zemvelo
Amabhodlela epulasitiki agcwele imfucumfucu angama-ecobricks epulasitiki enziwe ekhaya, khona-ke kufanele uqhubeke nokwandiswa kwamabhulokhi wokwakha. Lesi sigaba sizohluka kuye ngobukhulu kanye nenjongo yokwakha njengezakhiwo ezikhuphukayo (amabhulokhi amakhulu) noma izindonga ezincane (amabhulokhi amancane).
- Lungiselela unxande wokhuni ozosebenza njengesikhunta ngokuya ngezilinganiso zebhulokhi ofuna ukuyakha. Kunconywa ukwenza isikhunta eziningana ukuze ukwazi ukulungisa ibhulokhi engaphezu kweyodwa ngesikhathi. Ngokuvamile, amabhodlela ayisikhombisa ububanzi ngo-3 high asetshenziswa.
- Bese kwenziwa ukuxuba kukasimende.
- Beka i-ecobricks ngayinye esikhunjeni sokhuni bese wengeza usimende kuzo zonke izikhala ofuna ukuzigcwalisa.
- Linda isikhathi esidingekayo kuze kube yilapho yonke into isomile, cishe usuku lonke; kulokhu kuzoxhomeka esimweni sezulu kanye nendawo lapho ukwakhiwa kwenziwa khona.
- Uma sesomile ngokuphelele, ibhulokhi kufanele lingabunjwa futhi isitini sizobe sesilungele ukusetshenziswa.
Inkampani ephromotha yePlastiki Ecobricks
Namuhla kunezinkampani eziningi ezinombono wezemvelo, ezisebenzisa izinqubo ezithinta imvelo futhi zikhuthaza nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ehambisana nemvelo. Abanye baqhamuke nombono wokushintsha izitini ezijwayelekile kufakwe ezinye ezinobungani bemvelo, njengeCordoba foundation etholakala e-Argentina eyaziwa ngegama le-Ecoinclusion, ebhekele ukukhiqiza izitini zemvelo kusetshenziswa amabhodlela epulasitiki.
I-Ecoinclusion yinhlangano engenzi nzuzo eyasungulwa maphakathi no-2014 ngabalingani abathathu, umbono wabo wawuwukubandakanywa komphakathi kanye nemvelo yendawo. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhathazeka kanye nokusekelwa koMkhandlu Kazwelonke Wesayensi Nokucwaninga Kwezobuchwepheshe (CONICET), badale iphrojekthi egxile ekwenziweni kwe-potene-terephthalate (PET) kusuka ezitsheni zepulasitiki ezilahlwayo, ukuyihlanganisa nosimende ohlanganisayo nokunye. izithasiselo zamakhemikhali. , ukuthola umkhiqizo onezinto zokunamathela zezinhlayiya zepulasitiki kanye nosimende.
I-PET isetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezitini zemvelo nokusebenzisana nemigomo enconyiwe yokuvuselela kabusha, njengoba kule nqubo isitini ngasinye esakhiwe sisebenzisa amabhodlela epulasitiki alahliwe angaba ngu-20.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: