I-capybara, ngokwesayensi eyaziwa ngokuthi IHydrochoerus hydrochaeris, iyigundane elidabuka eNingizimu Melika futhi libhekwa njengezinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngokubukeka kwawo okungavamile nendlela yokuphila eyingqayizivele, ama-capybara aye aheha isithakazelo sezazi zezinto eziphilayo, izazi zokulondolozwa kwemvelo, nabathandi bemvelo emhlabeni wonke.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokuningiliziwe impilo ethokozisayo yama-capybara, indawo yawo yokuhlala, ukuziphatha komphakathi, ukuphakela, kanye nokubaluleka kwawo ku-ecosystem yaseNingizimu Melika. Ngena nathi olwazini olujulile lwe i-capybara: igundane elikhulu elithakazelisayo laseNingizimu Melika.
Indawo yokuhlala kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwendawo
Ama-capybara atholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo eNingizimu Melika., okuhlanganisa amazwe afana neBrazil, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina kanye ne-Uruguay. Zikhetha izindawo ezinemifula, amaxhaphozi, amachibi, namachibi, njengoba ziyizilwane ezihlala emanzini ezijwayele ukuhlala emanzini nasemhlabeni. I-Capybaras iyingxenye yezilwane zasePatagonian ezihlala kulezi zindawo. Ngenxa yokuhlala kwazo ezindaweni ezinomswakama, zingahlotshaniswa ne izilwane zasePatagonia.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo kuhlanganisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini., kusukela emahlathini aminyene asezindaweni ezishisayo kuya ezindaweni ezivulekile zamathafa nezikhotha.
Izici zomzimba
I-capybara iyigundane elikhulu elingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-1,2 kanye nesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-60., nakuba ezinye izifanekiso ezingavamile zingadlula lawa manani. Zinomzimba oqinile, oyisilinda onemilenze emifushane. Ikhanda layo likhulu uma liqhathaniswa nomzimba, linamehlo amancane nezindlebe, kanye nekhala elinezikhala ezihlukene, njengoba kwenzeka ezingulubeni. Amazinyo ayo abukhali abukhali futhi akhula ngokuqhubekayo kukho konke ukuphila kwawo ukuze kunxephezele ukuguga okubangelwa ukudla kwayo okudliwa uhlaza.
Imilenze yeCapybara mifishane kodwa iqinile, futhi ijwayele ukubhukuda.. Izinyawo zabo ezinolwembu ziwasiza ukuba ahambe ngokushesha emanzini, futhi izinzipho zawo ziwusizo ekumbeni nasekuhloleni umhlabathi. Uboya bakhe bukhulu futhi bukhulu, enama-shades ahlukayo ukusuka kokumnyama kuya kokubomvu, okubanikeza ukufihla okuhle kakhulu endaweni yabo yemvelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinezindlala zephunga esikhunjeni sazo ezikhiqiza into enamafutha esetshenziselwa ukuphawula indawo yazo.
Ukuziphatha komphakathi
Ama-capybara ayizilwane ezihlala njalo futhi ahlala ngamaqembu amakhulu akha imihlambi. Le mihlambi yakhiwe ngabantu abangaba ngu-10 kuye kwangama-30, nakuba amaqembu amakhulu aye aqoshwa ngezinye izikhathi. Isigaba esiphakathi kwephakethe sisungulwa ngokusebenzisana komphakathi, futhi amaqembu ngokuvamile aholwa owesilisa ovelele kanye nowesifazane ovelele.
Ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-capybaras kwenziwa ngokuphimisela, ukuthinta komzimba kanye nephunga. ekhishwa yizindlala zabo zephunga. Benza imisindo enjengokukhala, ukuklolodela, nokuklolodela ukuze baxhumane futhi baxwayise ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona. Ukwengeza, bayalungisana futhi bakhuhlane njengendlela yokuqinisa ubuhlobo phakathi kweqembu. Ukuziphatha kwabo emphakathini kufana nokwabanye izilwane zase Patagonia.
Ukuzala kanye neminyaka yokuphila
I-Capybaras yizilwane ezihlala umuntu oyedwa., okusho ukuthi zakha amapheya azinzile. Ukukhwelana kungenzeka unyaka wonke, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame kakhulu ngenkathi yezimvula. Ngemva kwe-a isikhathi sokukhulelwa yizinsuku ezingaba ngu-150, ezinsikazi zizala udoti phakathi komdlwane owodwa noyisishiyagalombili, nakuba okuvamile kungamabili kuya kwamane. Emancane anesimo lesincane, lokusho kutsi asekhulile futsi anganyakata ngemuva kwekutalwa.
Mayelana neminyaka oyiphila ngayo, ama-capybara ngokuvamile ahlala iminyaka engu-8-10 endle, nakuba ezinye zezibonelo sezifinyelele iminyaka engu-12. Ekuthunjweni, iminyaka yabo yokuphila ingaba yinde kancane, ifinyelele eminyakeni eyi-15. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila se-capybara singathinteka yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kokudla, ukufinyelela emanzini, ukudliwa, kanye nempilo evamile yomuntu ngamunye.
Uhlobo lokuphakela
I-Capybaras idla uhlaza ngokuyinhloko. futhi zidle izitshalo ezihlukahlukene zasemanzini nezasemhlabeni. Ukudla kwabo kuhlanganisa utshani, amaqabunga, amagxolo nezithelo, futhi bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi bephakela futhi bedla ukudla. Zinohlelo olukhethekile lokugaya ukudla oluzivumela ukuthi zivubele ukudla esiswini sazo esiyinkimbinkimbi, zizisize zikhiphe imisoco entweni yezitshalo okunzima ukuyigaya. Ngenxa yokudla kwabo, kubalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi ye- i-ecosystem ezindaweni zamahlathi aphansi.
Ukubaluleka kwemvelo
I-Capybaras idlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem ehlala eNingizimu Melika. Njengezilwane ezidla uhlaza, ukudla kwazo kunomthelela ekuhlakazweni kwembewu ngendle yazo, okusiza ukuvuselelwa nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezitshalo endaweni yazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo ezihlala emanzini lapho ama-capybara ahlala khona azuza ngokuba khona kwawo, njengoba edla izitshalo zasemanzini ngokweqile, ngaleyo ndlela avimbele ukwakheka kwezingqimba eziminyene ezingase ziphazamise ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ngale ndlela baba nesandla ekulinganiseni kwe-ecosystem.
Ngaphezu kwalokho indima yayo ekuhlakazweni kwembewu nasekulondolozeni imvelo yasemanziniAma-capybara nawo ayizisulu zezilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye, kuhlanganise nama-caiman, ama-jaguar, izinhlwathi nezinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama. Ukuba khona kwazo kunikeza lezi zilwane ukudla futhi kusiza ukugcina ibhalansi yamaketanga okudla endaweni yazo yemvelo. Maqondana nokuba khona kwabo ochungechungeni lokudla, kuyathakazelisa ukubona ukuthi zihlobana kanjani nezinye izilwane ezifana ne-jaguar endaweni yabo.
Isimo sokongiwa kwemvelo
Nakuba ama-capybara okwamanje engabhekwa njengezilwane ezisengozini, abhekana nezinsongo ezihlukahlukene.. Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho kanye nokulahlekelwa indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokufudukela emadolobheni kuyizici eziyinhloko ezithinta izakhamuzi ze-capybara kwezinye izifunda. Isidingo sesikhumba sayo, inyama namafutha, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo emithini yesintu, kunomthelela ekuzingeleni okungekho emthethweni.
Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokulondoloza ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila isikhathi eside kwalezi zinhlobo zezilwane, njengoba zidlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni imvelo. Lokhu kuhilela ukuvikela izindawo zemvelo ze-capybara, ukukhuthaza imfundo kanye nokuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokulondoloza lezi zilwane, kanye nokuqinisa imithetho nezilawuli zokulwa nokuzingela ngokungemthetho.
Uhlobo oluyingqayizivele: i-capybara, igundane elikhulu elithakazelisayo laseNingizimu Melika
I-capybara iyisilwane esithakazelisayo nesiyingqayizivele esimelela ingxenye ebalulekile yemvelo yaseNingizimu Melika.. Ubukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele (kwigundane), ukuziphatha kwalo emphakathini kanye nokujwayela kwayo endaweni yasemanzini kuyizici ezilenza libe uhlobo olutusekayo. Ngokudla kwawo okudliwa utshani kanye nendlela yokuphila yasemanzini, ama-capybara adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvuseleleni imvelo kanye nokugcina ukulingana kwemvelo.
Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinsongo ezibhekene nalezi zinhlobo futhi sithathe izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuzivikela. Kuphela ngokulondolozwa okufanele nokuhlonipha izilwane zasendle lapho singaqinisekisa khona ukusinda kwama-capybara nezinye izilwane ezisengozini yokushabalala emhlabeni wethu. Kumelwe siqhubeke sifunda ngama-capybara, sikhuthaze ukongiwa kwawo, futhi siqinisekise ukuthi izizukulwane ezizayo zingamangala ngalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo ezihlala emifuleni nasemaxhaphozini aseNingizimu Melika. Masivikele i-capybara: igundane elikhulu elithakazelisayo laseNingizimu Melika.