Esigabeni esimaphakathi, ukuhlasela emigqeni yaseSt. Vith naseBastogne kwaqhubeka ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa futhi ngoDecember 18 amaJalimane asekela uHitler adlula enqoba iSchnee Eifel. Izigaba ezimbili zezikhali zibe seziqaliswa ngokumelene nezivikelo zeBastogne, kodwa iminyango yobunjiniyela baseMelika imisa intuthuko yaseJalimane ngochungechunge lwe izivimbamgwaqo, eside ngokwanele ukuze vumela i-101st Airborne Division ukuthi ifinyelele edolobheni elincane laseBelgian ngomhlaba ngoDisemba 19, ngesikhathi esibalulekile sempi.
Amayunithi ezempi aseJalimane ahluleka ukuthatha i-Bastogne nge-storm pass, eshiya isigaba samasosha avimbezele amayunithi angawodwa ase-US.
"Hamba esihogweni!": ukumelana kwe-101 e-Bastogne
Ngaleso sikhathi, u-Eisenhower kanye nezikhulu ezingaphansi kwakhe bathathile izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokumisa "ukuphulwa" inqwaba «) evuliwe ekusetshenzisweni okuhlangene. U-"Ike" uphathise iMontgomery amabutho ase-US 1st and 9th, ngomsebenzi wokusimamisa ingaphambili kanye vimbela amaJalimane ukuthi afinyelele i-Meuse bese eqhubekela phambili ekuhlaseleni. Njengesivikelo, amabhuloho aphezu komfula, aphethwe izigaba ezi-4 zamaNgisi, ayembiwa noma kunjalo.
Emkhakheni oseningizimu, ohlangothini lwesokudla oluhlangene, nokho, UGeneral George Patton nebutho lakhe lesithathu, wahlanganyela phambili ukuya empumalanga, isivele yenze ukujikela kwe-90 ° enyakatho (umsebenzi wobuciko ohlakaniphile nowokusebenza) ukuze ifinyelele ngokushesha eBastogne futhi yephule ukuzungeza kwayo..
Eqinisweni, kuse-Bastogne ukuthi isiphetho sekamu sinqunywa. Thatha lokhu umgwaqo omncane kodwa obalulekile empeleni yayizovumela amaJalimane ukuthi avikele inqaba esikhaleni esivuleke ekuthunyelweni kwe-Allied, ukuze baqhubeke nokuya ngaseMeuse. Kodwa ngenkathi amayunithi e-armored eqhubeka, Ibutho laseJalimane elihamba ngezinyawo liyehluleka ukunqoba ukuphikiswa okunamandla kwabagibeli bama-paratroopers baseMelika.
Ukuntuleka kwezinto zokunqoba uHitler
Khonamanjalo, isimo edolobheni elivinjezelwe siya ngokuya sibucayi: Amasosha aseMelika, angaba ngu-15.000, abenezinsuku bengenazo izinto ezidingekayo: kushoda izinhlamvu, ukudla, umuthi.. Izulu lisaguqubele, akukho ukwesekwa okuzovela phezulu. AmaJalimane acindezela ngamandla, kodwa umkhuzi we-101st, uBrigadier General Anthony C. McAuliffe, muhle ekuphatheni izimpahla ezimbalwa ezikhona kanye ukuqondisa ngempumelelo umlilo wezikhali.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amadoda akhe abonisa isibindi esikhulu nokuqina.. Ku amahlathi ayiqhwa azungeze i-Bastognengaphandle kwamajazi asebusika njengoba babephuthunyiswa ngaphambili, nezinhlamvu ezimbalwa, bengadlile izinsuku, abamemezayo. Eagles Akuyona into engaqondakali ukuthi, nanamuhla, ama-Paratroopers angu-101 aphakathi kwamayunithi aseMelika aziwa kakhulu futhi ahlonishwa kakhulu.
El Disemba 22 Kuyenzeka iqiniso elimangalisayo. I-patrol yaseJalimane iphakamisa ifulegi elimhlophe, isondela emigqeni yaseMelika futhi ihambise umlayezo: UGeneral von Lüttwitz, inhloko yebutho lezempi elivimbezele i-Bastogne, umema abaseMelika ukuthi bazinikele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo samasosha aseMelika sibi kakhulu. Iziboshwa, isikhulu saseJalimane siyaqinisekisa, zizophathwa ngenhlonipho.
Impendulo ebhaliwe uGeneral McAuliffe ayithumela kumaJalimane ihloselwe ukwehla emibhalweni yomlando: "Amantongomane!" kubhala uMcAuliffe, igama ngokwezwi nezwi elisho "amantongomane" kodwa lingabuye lihunyushwe ngokuthi "amabhola" (ngomqondo obanzi wokuthi "fuck you"), futhi elihunyushwa ngesiJalimane ngendlela eqondakala kakhudlwana ethi "Hamba!" esihogweni ! ".
Uhlome futhi ngokumelene noHitler!
Ngosuku olulandelayo, Disemba 23, isibhakabhaka sase sicwebile futhi amabutho aseMelika ahlinzekwa evela phezulu. Ukwengeza, izimpi manje zingakwazi ukunikeza ukusekelwa okusheshayo emadodeni aphansi. Noma kunjalo, Ngomhla zingama-24 kuZibandlela, olwandulela uKhisimusi, amaJalimane abonakala esezovala amandla awo eBastogne.. Ngobusuku bukaKhisimusi ukuhlasela okunamandla kwenzeka, kodwa kulokhu futhi ukuhlasela kwamaJalimane kuyanyanyiswa: Amasosha kaLüttwitz nawo alwa ngesibindi, egqugquzelwa ukuziqhenya kwezwe, kodwa aphelelwe amandla nesibhakabhaka sesizowa. ngaphezu kwabo, isiphepho samabhomu namagobolondo.
El Disemba 26, ngenkathi izinjini zama-allied fighters ziduma esibhakabhakeni, i I-US 4th Armored Division. UJenene uGeorge Patton waqhubekela phambili, enxusa iyunithi ukuthi isheshe, idlulisele yonke intshiseko yakhe emadodeni akhe. Amathangi USherman (M4-A1) nababhubhisi bamathangi Jackson (M-36), bese unikeza impilo empini enamandla ne Ama-Panthers ( zempi V) kanye amahlosi yamaJalimane, alwa ngokuzimisela ngakolunye uhlangothi.
Ikakhulu ezingenakuncishiswa I-Fallschirmjäger (okukhanyisa "abazingeli be-parachute"), ozakwabo "bodeveli abaluhlaza" abakhathaza isikhathi eside ama-Allies e-Battle of Cassino, babhekane namadoda kaPatton: behlangene ezindlini, phakathi kwezihlahla, babeka ukumelana okunamandla nokuphelelwa ithemba. Ekupheleni kosuku, ngemuva kokulwa kanzima, amathangi okuqala esigaba sesi-4 afinyelela endaweni yokuzivikela yedolobha futhi ajoyine i-101.. Kancane kancane ingxenye esele ye-3rd Army kaPatton, lapho i-4th Armored Division ivule khona indlela, ifohla isuka eningizimu futhi inqamula ukuvinjezelwa: impi yaseBastogne inqotshiwe.
Igebe livaliwe: i-allied counteroffensive
Njengoba amadoda e-3rd Army elwela ukusindisa i-Bastogne enyakatho, ama-Allies futhi bavimba unomphela ukuhlasela kukaPeiper kanye ne-1st SS Armored Division. Hitler wabe eseyalela u-Dietrich kanye ne-6th Army ukuthi bahlangane eningizimu futhi basekele uManteuffel, oqhubeka nokuqhubekela phambili entshonalanga nezigaba zakhe zezikhali, ngaseMeuse. Nokho, ngemva kokumangala kokuqala, ukuzivikela kwaseMelika manje sekuhlanganiswe, futhi ngokombono ocacile.. sky, ama-Allied fighter-bhombers aqala "ukudla" phezu panzer isi-German owaphelelwa uphethiloli futhi ngaphandle kokufakwa.
AmaJalimane manje anqotshiwe futhi Izigaba ezihlangene ziphinde zalahleka, zavala igebe elisuka enyakatho ngamabutho aseMontgomery (American 1st and 9th) futhi ukusuka eningizimu ngamabutho esithathu kaPatton.. Ukuhlasela kuhlulekile, kodwa uHitler akafuni ukukuvuma futhi ugcizelela ukuthi intuthuko iqhubeke. UManteuffel kamuva wayezothi:
“Ngashayela uJodl ucingo ngamcela ukuba azise iFührer ukuthi sengizohoxisa amabutho ami. Kodwa uHitler wasiphikisa lesi sinyathelo emuva. Ngakho esikhundleni sokuhoxa ngendlela ehlelekile nangesikhathi esifanele, saphoqeleka ukuba sihlehle imitha ngemitha ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuhlasela kwe-Allied, okwasho incithakalo kithi.
UVon Rundstedt akasamsekeli uHitler
Ngombono ofanayo, von Rundstedt, umkhuzi we-Western Front, wamelana nokuhlasela kwe-Ardennes kusukela ekuqaleni:
“Bengingathanda ukukumisa ukuhlasela kusenesikhathi, lapho kwacaca ukuthi bekungeke kufezeke inhloso yayo kusenesikhathi; kodwa Ngokucasuka uHitler waphikelela ngokuthi kufanele aqhubeke. Kwakuyi-Stalingrad yesibili ".
NgoJanuwari 16, imigqa emibili ye-Allied ihamba phambili, evinjwe iqhwa eliwugqinsi, bahlangana eHouffalize, enhliziyweni ye-Ardennes. Ukuphunyuka," isigaxa ", njengoba ama-Anglo-Americans azoyibiza kanjalo, ivaliwe. I-Herbstnebel waqothuka
Ukuhlolwa kanye nemiphumela ye-Ardennes ecasulayo ngokumelene noHitler
Ngokunganaki bezichaya ekuhlaselweni okuphikisayo e-Ardennes, bengazinaki zonke izixwayiso zokuthi umsebenzi onjalo wawuseduze, futhi beqiniseka ukuthi ukuhlasela kwakuwukuzivikela okungcono kakhulu, ama-Allies. babesengozini enkulu yenhlekelele enkulu ngo-December 1944.
Nokho, Eisenhower kanye nabangaphansi kwakhe, Bradley, Montgomerykodwa ikakhulukazi jikelele i-patton, bayakwazi ngempela sabela ngokushesha okukhulu, usebenzisa amandla aphezulu atholakalayo. Uma ekuqaleni kokuhlasela kweJalimane Ama-Allies atshala amadoda angaphezudlwana kuka-100.000, ngokumelene namaJalimane angu-350.000, ngesikhathi esiwujuqu sempi, Amasosha angama-800.000 kanye nezimoto ezihlomile ezingaphezu kuka-3.000 zizohlangana e-Ardennes.. Ukuqubuka kwamasosha amasha namathangi, ngokumelene nezigaba zaseJalimane ezikhathele futhi ezigugile, eziphoqeleka ukuthi zihoxe, zihambe. Kwabulawa amadoda angu-80.000 XNUMX, aduka futhi alimala.
Ngisho nabaseMelika baye baba nesikhathi esinzima kakhulu. Cishe bangu-20.000 abashonile, abangama-47.000 abalimele, abangaphezu kuka-20.000 abalahlekile neziboshwa. Impi yaseMbatha, eyalwa phakathi iqhwa elinzima, ngesikhathi a ubusika obubandayo, ngamasosha amancane kakhulu nangenalwazi, kwaba isibhicongo nhlangothi zombili. Ukuze anqobe impi, iJalimane ne-United States zafuna umzamo omkhulu ezinganeni zabo: amasosha amaningi aseJalimane, kodwa namaMelika amaningi, awawona ngisho nabantu abadala.
Ukunqoba, ukunqotshwa, isifundo
Impi eyalwiwa ama-Allies alwa noHitler ngoDisemba 1944 yayiwukunqoba kwezempi, nokho, ishiya ifa elikhulu. Uma ngaphambi kokuba babe matasa ngombono wokuqhubekela phambili, kuze kufike eqophelweni lokudebeselela ukuzivikela futhi babeke engcupheni yokuhlehla okumangalisayo, ngemva kokuba abase-Ardennes, u-Eisenhower kanye nezikhulu zakhe eziningi bazoqala ukusebenzisa ukuqapha ngokweqile ngezinye izikhathi.. I ukwesaba ama-counteroffensives amasha, ukunaka ukungavezi okuningi, ukukhathazeka kokubhekana nokulahlekelwa okukhulu futhi, izonciphisa kakhulu imisebenzi elandelayo, ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ama-Allies ukuthi afinyelele eBerlin kuqala.
KumaJalimane, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-Ardennes imelela a ithuba lokugcina ukushintsha lokho manje okubonakala njengesiphetho esibikezelwe. IJalimane ihlulwe empini. UHitler ulahlekelwe yimpi. Ngokusobala akazange alahlekelwe yi-Ardennes, kodwa kusukela manje kuyindaba yesikhathi. NgoJanuwari 1945, empumalanga, amaSoviet aqala ukuhlasela kwawo ngaphesheya kweVistula futhi phakathi nenyanga afinyelela e-Oder (ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayi-100 ukusuka eBerlin), kuyilapho ama-Allies ayesabambekile eRhine.
Si I-Herbstnebel kwaba nomphumela obalulekile, ngokuqinisekile kwaba ukuthi yabambezela ama-Allies isikhathi eside futhi yahoxisa amabutho abalulekile kusukela ngasempumalanga, yanikeza iBerlin emabuthweni kaStalin.. Ukusabela okunobudlova e-Ardennes, okugqamile ephepheni kodwa okungenakwenzeka ukufeza, akusihlehli isiphetho sengxabano, kodwa mhlawumbe kusheshisa isiphetho sakho. Izigidi zezakhamuzi zoMbuso kaHulumeni manje bebezoyikhokhela.