I-NASA ithokozise umhlaba wokuhlolwa komkhathi ngokumemezela amagama osomkhathi abazoba yingxenye yomsebenzi obhekwe ngabomvu ka-Artemis II. Ihlelelwe uNovemba 2024, le nhloso yesibili yohlelo lwe-Artemis ihlose ukwenza indiza ezungezayo eya eNyangeni okokuqala ngqa kusukela kumishini eyingqophamlando ye-Apollo 17 ngo-1972.
Okulandelayo, sizofunda kabanzi ngabasemkhathini kanye nemigomo ethokozisayo yalolu hambo. Kwakuyindaba eyinhloko ukubona i-NASA yembula abasemkhathini bohambo lwe-Artemis II: ukubuyela eNyangeni.
Osomkhathi bemishini ye-Artemis II
Abalingiswa balolu hambo olujabulisayo lwasemkhathini umkhuzi u-Gregory Reid Wiseman, umshayeli wendiza u-Victor Glover, unjiniyela u-Christina Koch kanye nochwepheshe u-Jeremy Hansen. Ngamunye uletha isipiliyoni esibanzi nolwazi emkhakheni wokuhlola indawo, okubenza babe abantu abafanelekile kulo msebenzi oyingqopha-mlando.
- UChristina Hammock Koch uzojoyina iqembu njengonjiniyela. Ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe okuvelele ku-International Space Station kanye neqhaza lakhe emkhathini wokuqala wesifazane wonke kumenza abe ngumuntu okhuthazayo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kumbeka eduze ososayensi besifazane asebeqophe umlando.
- UJeremy HansenOdabuka e-Canadian Space Agency, uletha ulwazi lwakhe njengomphathi weRoyal Canadian Air Force kanye nomsebenzi wakhe endaweni eyingozi kakhulu e-Aquarius Reef Base labhorethri engaphansi kwamanzi, esetshenziswa yi-NASA ukuqeqesha osomkhathi.
- Umshayeli wendiza UVictor Glover uhole indiza yokuqala yomkhumbi-mkhathi i-SpaceX Dragon eya e-International Space Station, ekhombisa ikhono namava akhe ohambweni lwasemkhathini oluphambili, okuyingxenye esemqoka ye ohambweni lwasemkhathini lwesimanje.
- Ekugcineni, UGregory Reid Wiseman, umkhuzi wemishini, unokuhlangenwe nakho okubanzi ku-International Space Station futhi usebenze njengeNhloko Yehhovisi le-Astronaut ye-NASA.
Leli thimba labashayeli bezindiza lizoba yingqophamlando emlandweni wokuhlola isikhala, njengoba lihlanganisa owesifazane wokuqala, uChristina Koch, kanye nosomkhathi wokuqala ongeyena umlungu, uVictor Glover, ukubamba iqhaza emsebenzini wenyanga. Ukukhethwa kwabo kuthumela umlayezo onamandla wokubandakanywa kanye nokwehlukahlukana emkhakheni wesikhala, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenza ndawonye ukuze kufezwe imigomo ejulile.
Sibonga ithimba le-astronaut
Ngaphambi kokudalula amagama, uNorman Knight , uMqondisi Wezokusebenza Kwezindiza, ubonge lonke ithimba le-NASA astronaut , evuma ukuzinikela kwabo nokuzidela kwabo. Ugcizelele ukuthi nakuba kuqanjwa amagama abantu abane, bonke abashayeli bezindiza kanye nabasebenzi abasekelayo badlala indima ebalulekile empumelelweni yomsebenzi ngamunye wasemkhathini.
UJoe Acaba, i-Chief Astronaut ye-NASA, ugcizelele ukubaluleka kokusebenza ngokubambisana ekuhloleni isikhala. Uvumile ukuthi laba bashayeli bezindiza abane ngeke bahambe bodwa, kodwa bayingxenye yeqembu lomhlaba wonke lonjiniyela, ososayensi, abaqeqeshi, kanye nabasebenzi bokusekela ubuchwepheshe abasebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze benze lezi zithunywa zibe ngokoqobo.
Uhlelo lwe-Artemis nezinjongo zalo
Uhlelo lwe-Artemis, olwaqalwa ngo-2017, lunezinhloso zalo eziyinhloko ukubuyisela abantu eNyangeni kanye nokusungulwa kwekamu elihlala njalo ukuze kube lula ukuhlola iMars esikhathini esizayo . I-Artemis I, umsebenzi wokuqala wohlelo, wethulwa ngempumelelo ngoNovemba 2022, futhi manje i-Artemis II izophawula ukuqala kwemisebenzi yabasebenzi. I-Artemis II ihlelelwe ukwethulwa ngoNovemba 2024 , futhi umgomo wayo ukwenza indiza ezungeza iNyanga ngaphambi kokubuyela eMhlabeni.
Imisebenzi ezayo: u-Arthemisi III kanye no-Arthemisi IV
Ngemva kwe-Artemis II, uhlelo lwe-Artemis luzoqhubeka nemisebenzi emisha. I-Artemis III, ehlelelwe u-2025 , ihlose ukufika eNyangeni okokuqala kusukela ku-Apollo 17. Okwamanje, i-Artemis IV, ehlelelwe u-2028 , izogxila ekuhlanganiseni ipulatifomu ye-Lunar Gateway, imodyuli yokuhlala kwenyanga kanye nelebhu.
Iphrojekthi ka-Artemis: isiqalo esiyimpumelelo esinombono omuhle wesikhathi esizayo
U-Artemis uhlanganisa iphrojekthi enkulu enesiqalo esiyimpumelelo okufanele siyikhumbule. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho sizoqonda khona ukuvela kwalesi siphakamiso esikhulu sesayensi nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwaso, sinikeze indlela yokuzalwa kwemishini emisha esishiwo ngaphambili. Hlala nathi ukuze uthole ukubuyekezwa kwemishini yephrojekthi ye-Artemis:
U-Artemis I mission: isinyathelo sokuqala esiyimpumelelo
Imishini ka-Artemis I kwaba umkhankaso wokuqala ohlelweni lwe-NASA luka-Artemis, olwethulwe ngoNovemba 16, 2022. Lona bekuwumsebenzi ongenamuntu owawuhloselwe ngokuyinhloko ukuhlola uhlelo lokwethulwa kwe-Space Launch System (SLS) kanye nomkhumbi-mkhathi i-Orion.
Phakathi nomsebenzi, umkhumbi-mkhathi we-Orion wenza imijikelezo emibili ezungeza iNyanga ngaphambi kokubuyela eMhlabeni. Lokhu kuhlola kwenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlola ukusebenza kanye nekhono lomkhumbi-mkhathi ukuze umelane nezimo ezimbi kakhulu zasemkhathini, okuhlanganisa nokungena kabusha emkhathini woMhlaba.
Impumelelo ye-Artemis I yayiyingqophamlando enkulu ohlelweni lwe-Artemis, njengoba yabonisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuqalisa kanye nezindiza-mkhathi zemisebenzi yabasebenzi besikhathi esizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo msebenzi wenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqoqwa kwedatha ebalulekile ezofaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe nezinhlelo ezidingekayo ekubuyiselweni kwezindiza-mkhathi ezingabantu eNyangeni.
U-Arthemisi II: ukuqala kwemishini eyenziwe ngabantu
I-Artemis I yabeka isisekelo semisebenzi elandelayo yohlelo: i-Artemis II, ezophawula ukuqala kwemisebenzi yabasebenzi . Le misebenzi yabasebenzi ihlose ukubuyela eNyangeni futhi isungule ubukhona obuqhubekayo esiphuphutheki sethu semvelo, ivule indlela yokuhlola isikhala esikhathini esizayo, okuhlanganisa nohambo oluya eMars.
U-Artemis III no-Arthemisi IV: ikusasa elifisa ukuvelela
Imisebenzi emisha isivele ihlelelwe ikusasa ngohlelo lwe-Artemis. Inqubekelaphambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe yale phrojekthi ibe nkulu kangangokuthi singazibonela ngokuziqhenya ukusebenza kwemishini esikhathini esidlule okwakungamaphupho ezinganekwane zesayensi.
Ukwethulwa okulandelayo kuhlelwe - njengoba kushiwo emigqeni edlule - ngo-2025 (Artemis III) nango-2028 (Artemis IV) ngezinhloso ezinkulu ezihlelwe yisayensi iminyaka eminingi futhi ekugcineni ezizokwazi ukwenzeka : ukubuyela eNyangeni okwesibili (Artemis II, 2025) kanye nokusungula ipulatifomu yeNyanga ngenhloso yokuhlala kwabantu, ucwaningo kanye nokuya eMars (Artemis IV, 2028).
Imisebenzi ka-Arthemisi ngeke iyeke ukusimangaza
Ukukhethwa kwabahambi ngezinkanyezi emsebenzini we-Artemis II kuyisinyathelo esijabulisayo sokuhlola umkhathi okuqhubekayo kanye nokunqotshwa kweNyanga nangale kwayo. Laba bagibeli bezinkanyezi abavelele babonisa ukuzinikela, ukusebenzisana, kanye nokwehlukahlukana okudingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe imingcele emisha futhi kuvulwe umnyango wekusasa lokutholwa kwesayensi okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili kanye nentuthuko.
Singabonga kuphela umsebenzi omangalisayo wocwaningo wethimba lezinhlaka eziningi lochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe kakhulu ezingeni lobuchwepheshe, elingokomzimba kanye, vele, nelomuntu. Njengomphakathi siyaziqhenya ngokubona izihloko zezindaba ezifana nalesi esivula ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko: "I-NASA yembula osomkhathi bomsebenzi ka-Artemis II: ukubhekisa amabombo eNyangeni futhi."