Emphakathini kunezimpawu ezihlukahlukene ezimele uthando, ubuhle, ububele kanye nobunye phakathi kwazo zonke, amaRoses angaqokonyiswa, izitshalo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo bezikhona ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko omuntu okumaka ingqophamlando yayo. symbology, Ake sazi kancane ngabo, lapha kulesi sihloko.
I-Las Rosas
Ama-roses ahambisana neqembu lezimbali zomndeni wakwaRosaceae, obonakala ngokuba yisihlahla esinameva nesiqhakaza; kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, ezinezici ezihlukene kanye nezinye ezifanayo njengameva nemibala yazo emihle, lesi sici sokugcina sizoncika ngokukhethekile ohlotsheni lwezinhlobo zezilwane, zingakwazi ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-rosebush noma izihlahla ezincane.
Ngokuvamile, izihlahla ze-rose zingatholakala ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zezitshalo ezifana nezihlahla nezitshalo ezikhuphukayo, isici esivamile siphakathi kwawo wonke ameva. Endabeni yezinhlobo ezifana nezihlahlana, zingafinyelela kumasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ngisho nemitha eyodwa, kanti abaqwali bangafinyelela kumamitha angamashumi amabili, ikakhulukazi uma bekwazi ukukhuphuka kwezinye izitshalo.
Ama-roses abonakala ngokuba nephunga elimnandi futhi azohluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, angakwazi ukusebenzisa imibala emhlophe, ebomvana, ephuzi, ewolintshi, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngisho eluhlaza, ethandwa kakhulu emphakathini ukuze isetshenziselwe imihlobiso, imicimbi kanye nemikhosi. .
Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo, ezingaba ngu-30,000 ezingatshalwa, iningi lihlala lidabuka ezwekazini lase-Asia, kunezinye ezizalelwa eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika imbala. Eziningi zalezi zinhlobo ziyatshalwa kanye nezinhlobonhlobo ezingasetshenziswa ngokuhlobisa ngenxa yephunga nombala wazo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingasetshenziselwa ukukhipha amafutha abalulekile kuzo zonke lezo zinhlobo ezikhishwe kuzo, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-perfumery, njengezimonyo, imithi kanye nasemkhakheni we-gastronomy. Imvamisa izinhlobo ezitshalwayo eziyinhloko yiRosa Moschata, Rosa Damascena, Rosa Californica, Rosas Rugosas kanye noRosa Gallica.
Abantu abaphethe ukunakekelwa nakho konke okuhlobene nama-roses baziwa ngokuthi abalimi bama rose kodwa futhi njengama-rosalist ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, ngokuvamile bagxile ekuqiniseni ubukhulu nombala wabo, ngale ndlela bakwazi ukukhiqiza zonke izimbali ezinkulu futhi Kakhulu. ezikhangayo, ngokuvamile azinalo uhlobo lwephunga elimnandi, into engavamile kakhulu ukuthi ama-roses avamile noma ayisidala yilawo anephunga elimnandi kakhulu, amnandi futhi anamandla.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ama-roses yiwona athandwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izimbali ezifunwa abantu, akhona ezingadini eziningi njengeqembu elikhulu lama-rose bush kodwa ahlala engowohlobo olufanayo, eyizinhlobonhlobo ezibanzi kakhulu uma ziyizihlahla zama-rose. encane isuka cishe ku-1 kuya ku-15 centimeter ukuphakama ize ibe izihlahlana noma izintaba ezikwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme ezingasibekela phansi.
Umsuka Wezimbali
Imvelaphi yama roses ingalandelelwa emuva cishe eminyakeni engu-4000 ngaphambi kukaKristu, emazwenikazi ase-Asia naseYurophu. Lapho impucuko endala njengaseGibhithe, abaseBhabhiloni namaGreki babengabokuqala ukuyisebenzisela izinhloso zokuhlobisa emakhaya nanjengophawu lobuhle. Njengamanje, ama-roses angatholakala noma kuphi emhlabeni, agqame kakhulu ezwenikazi lase-Asia njengoba ethathwa njengendawo yokudabuka kwezimbali eziningi.
Izimpawu zeRoses
I-rose ibhekwa njengembali ngaphezu kokuba nayo itholakala ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu ezinye izihlahla nezihlahla ze-rose. I-Rosa genus iyiqembu lezihlahla ezinezici ezihlukahlukene kodwa ngokujwayelekile zinameva futhi zinezimbali eziningi, zingabameleli abakhulu bomndeni wakwaRosaceae.
Umndeni wakwaRosaceae ubonakala ngokuba yiqoqo lezitshalo ezinezici ezihlukile, ezihlukahluka kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ezahlukahlukene ezinezici ezihluke kakhulu, ezihlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngezithelo, amaqabunga nezimbali, endabeni yezimbali zibhekwa njengama-hermaphrodites anezitayela. amacembe anhlobonhlobo akwazi ukufinyelela amamitha ayishumi nanhlanu ukuphakama, ngaphezu kokuba nobukhulu obuhluke ngokuphelele kanye nokuma.
I-genus of Roses ibukeka njengesihlahla, inempande enamandla futhi ejulile kakhulu, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ihlakulwe kufanele ifakwe esigxotsheni ngoba inezimpande ezincane, inesiqu sokhuni futhi ngezinye izikhathi imbali noma imbali ivela engxenyeni engenhla. kwezinye izimo akunjalo, ngokuvamile iziqu ziba nokuma okuqondile kanye ne-epidermis ngendlela yezinti (ameva), amagatsha awo a-lignified anombala ohlaza nonsuqu lapho esemancane, aqala ukuba nombala ompunga njengoba ekhula. .
Amaqabunga awo angakhiwa izimo ezihlukene, noma ama-serrated futhi ane-petiolated, kodwa angaba bushelelezi futhi abe nezinhlobonhlobo ezicwebezelayo nezicwebezelayo. Zingaveza ama-inflorescence lapho ngokuvamile ziba phezulu noma zodwa, ngokuvamile zakhiwa amacembe amahlanu futhi anombala ohluke kakhulu. Ama-rudiments ayo angaba seminal, mahhala noma ashiselwe.
Ukuhlukaniswa kweRoses
Zonke izitshalo zinezigaba ezihlukene kakhulu, zivame ukuhlukaniswa kucatshangelwa imikhakha eyahlukene, ukuthuthuka kofuzo kanye nebhayoloji yamangqamuzana, endabeni yamaRoses angaphansi kombuso wezitshalo, ikakhulukazi esigabeni se-Streptphyta, engaphakathi kweqembu lama-spermatophytes futhi iqembu elincane lama-rosids. Kulokhu siyazi ukuhlukaniswa kwama-roses ngokombono wokulima, ekubeni ngamaqembu amane amakhulu aqokonyiswe ngezansi:
Izihlahla zasendle zasendle
Izihlahla zama-rose zasendle yilezo ezikhula emvelweni ngaphandle kwesidingo sokutshalwa, anamaqabunga amaqabunga futhi adabuka ezwenikazi laseYurophu, e-Afrika nasentshonalanga ye-Asia; Ziyisihlahla esingafinyelela kumamitha amabili ukuphakama, sibe nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ombozwe ameva kanye nezimbali ezipinki eziphaphathekile eziqoqiwe noma ezizimele zodwa kanye/noma ezimhlophe futhi izithelo zazo zingaba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwevithamini C. , ngokuba kabanzi esetshenziselwa ujamu netiye. Phakathi kwezinye zezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- i-abyssinia rose
- rose ukhula
- URosa banksiae
- i-bracteata rose
- california rose
- I-Rosa caninao dumetorum
- URosa chinensis
- corymbifera rose
- URose Scribe
- rose foetida
- UGallica wavuka
- I-Giant rose
- UGlauca wasukuma
- i-laevigata rose
- pink majalis
- micrantha rose
- URose moschata
- rose moyesii
- IMultiflora rose
- rose nutkan
- i-rose pimpinellifolia
- pink pouzinii
- rose roxburghii
- I-rubiginous rose
- Rough rose
- I-Rosa sempervirens
- sericea rose
- i-stellate pink
- virginian rose
- wichuraian rose
Izihlahla ezindala zama rose
Ama-rosebushe amadala yilawo ma roses asengadini avela maphakathi nonyaka ka-1867, ajwayele ukuhambisana neqembu lama roses anemvelaphi yaseYurophu kanye neMedithera. Kuyisihlahla esinesihlahla esinembali eyodwa kuphela, leyo mbali ivame ukuba izimbali ezinuka kamnandi, inamaqabunga amelana kakhulu nezifo, umbala wayo uphakathi komhlophe, obomvana futhi inombala obomvu obomvu. Phakathi kwezinye zezinhlobo ezivame ukugqanyiswa yilezi ezilandelayo:
- I-Albas
- musky
- Ama-Bourbonians
- ama-centifolias
- AmaDamascenes
- igallic
- i-reflowering hybrids
- amadevu
- I-Multiflora
- mossy
- Ama-Noisettianas
- njalonjalo
- I-Polyanthas
- Portland
- China
- Tea
Izihlahla zamanje zama rose
Ama-rosebushes esimanje yilawo avela ngemuva kuka-1867 kuze kube manje, avame ukubhekwa njengalawo afakwa ezingadini zesimanje; ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kungaba yinkimbinkimbi ngoba bayingxenye yeqembu labo lama roses amadala, ngakho-ke, bavame ukuhlukaniswa phakathi kokukhula, ukuqhakaza futhi kwezinye izimo kungaba yisizukulwane. Ezinye zezihlahla ezivame kakhulu zesimanje ze-rose yilezi ezilandelayo ukugqamisa:
- ihlathi
- Inhlanganisela yetiye
- i-floribunda
- I-Grandiflora
- I-Polyantha
- abaqwali
- I-Sarmentose
- pernetians
- iqoqo lesingisi
- I-Canadian hardy
- Miniature
- i-upholstery
- I-Patio
Ezinye izinhlobo:
Kulokhu, amaqembu ama-rose bush agqamile angatholakali kalula phakathi kwamaqembu adlule, ngenxa yalesi sizathu aziwa kakhulu yilawa alandelayo:
- I-Rosebush imile ende noma induku
- Uwile Ekhala uRosebush
- i-rosebush landscape landscape
- UDavid Austin Roses
- Sika ama-roses ezimbali (ama-bouquets)
Umlando Wezimbali
Ukuthandwa kwama roses kuvelele kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba, kodwa umlando wawo uqala esiqhingini saseKrethe cishe ngo-700 BC, lapho wawusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhlobisa, imihlobiso yezindlu nama-altare, okufanekisela kakhulu ubuhle bawo futhi ikakhulukazi. ezimibalabala. Kusukela empucukweni yasendulo, ama-rose ayenikezwa inani elikhulu njengegama elifanayo lobuhle nokubili. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, yaqala ukuba nokuhlobana okuphezulu phakathi kwamasiko afana nelaseGibhithe, isiGreki nesiRoma, okungamasiko afaneleka kakhulu emlandweni wasendulo womphakathi.
Ikakhulukazi eRoma, ukuthandwa kwama roses kwakuphawuleka ngendlela enkulu, ngoba ayekhona engadini, lapho umuzi ngamunye wawunezihlahla zamarose kanye neyodwa ngokukhethekile eyaziwa ngokuthi iRosetum. Ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi, ukutshalwa kwama roses kwakufanele kwenziwe kuphela ezigodini zezindela ngoba zazinikezelwe ngezinjongo zenkolo. Khona-ke, ngekhulu le-XNUMX, ukuthandwa okukhulu kwama roses kwaqala, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi lapho eqala ukuqhakaza ngenxa yobuhle bawo obukhulu, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ayebhekwa njengophawu lwesimo, ngokuvela kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezintsha. izinhlobo esifundeni esisempumalanga.
Inganekwane yamaGreki yamaRoses
Kunezinganekwane eziningi ezigxile kumaroses agqamisa imvelaphi yobunkulunkulu neyingqayizivele, nakuba kunezinguqulo eziningi okunzima ukuhlonza indaba yazo yomsuka, nezinguqulo ezine eziyinhloko ezivelele:
UCybele no-Aphrodite
Kulokhu, indaba yezinganekwane zamaGreki igqama lapho unkulunkulukazi uCibeles owaziwa ngokuthi unina womhlaba, unkulunkulukazi uCibeles wayenomona ngo-Aphrodite (unkulunkulukazi wothando) ngenxa yobuhle bakhe obukhulu, ngakho wenza isinqumo sokudala okuthile okuzalwa. kusukela emhlabeni ukuncintisana ngokumelene nobuhle buka-Aphrodite, ngakho kwafika kuye ukudala imbali enhle kakhulu ebomvu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, i-rose yayibhekwa njengophawu lobuhle ngokuba imbangi eyinhloko ka-Aphrodite.
I-White Rose ye-Aphrodite
Kwenye indaba ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki, kucatshangwa ukuthi u-Aphrodite wayengumdali wama roses, ngesikhathi ezalwa egwebu lolwandle futhi wayefuna ukuhlola amandla akhe ngokudala into enhle njengaye, ngaleso sikhathi. empilweni yakhe, isifuba savela i-rose emhlophe ayezoyisebenzisa kamuva njengomhlobiso wakhe; ngolunye usuku u-Dionisio wathela amaconsi ambalwa ewayini embalini yaphenduka yaba bomvana.
Igazi le-Aphrodite
Kuthiwa ama-rose nawo ahluma emhlabeni okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, ngesikhathi emnquma unyawo ngesikhathi ebalekela isithandwa sakhe u-Adonis esasigulela ukufa ngemva kokuhlaselwa yingulube, lapho ilinyazwa izingulube.
I-Dionysus kanye ne-Briars
Kuthiwa futhi uDionysus wayephethe ukudala ama-rosebushes avela ku-bramble, lapho i-nymph eyayishushiswa unkulunkulu, yayibanjwe phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla, lapho uDionysus ebonakala wahlazeka futhi wawujabulela umbono. ezihlathini futhi wayala ihlathi ukuba lihlobe ngokwalo izimbali ezinemibala efanayo.
Ukubaluleka kweRoses
Emphakathini wethu, izitshalo ziwusizo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni okungapheli, kodwa ama-roses agqama ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimbili, eyokuqala etholakala emkhakheni wezokwelapha, ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-vitamin C, esetshenziselwa kakhulu umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela kanye nokukhwehlela. umkhuhlane. Ingasetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-laxative futhi futhi njenge-analgesic, kulokhu kuzoncika ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ibuye isetshenziswe ngokuhlobisa njengomhlobiso noma umhlobiso wezindawo zemvelo noma ingaphakathi lamakhaya, amahhovisi, phakathi kwabanye; I-Roses inencazelo ebuhleni nasothandweni, yingakho isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesipho phakathi kwabantu abathandana kakhulu, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi njengengxenye yokuhlobisa izindawo zangaphakathi zamakhaya ngenxa yephunga layo elimnandi nokugqamayo. imibala.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-roses
Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zama roses ezifana nemihlobiso, ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, ukuhlobisa, phakathi kokunye, kulokhu kuzoqokonyiswa izimo ezimbili zesici zokusetshenziswa kwama roses.
Ukusetshenziswa Gastronomic of Roses
Amacembe ama roses ajwayele ukusetshenziswa ngendlela edliwayo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akhiwe ngenani elikhulu lezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana novithamini C kanye nefiber, okuyingxenye yezitsha ezifunwa kakhulu ezifana nojeli, amasobho, amasaladi nojamu. Okulandelayo, ake sibone ngeso lengqondo enye yezindlela zokupheka zalolu hlobo lokudla njengokuthi "Rose Jam":
Izithako
- Izipuni ezintathu ze-rosewater
- Izinkomishi ezimbili zikashukela
- Izingilazi ezingama-2 zamanzi
- Amalamula amabili
- 270 amagremu rose petals
Okokuqala, ukumunyu kwawo wonke ama-rose petals kufanele kususwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuyadingeka ukusika ingxenye engezansi yawo wonke amacembe bese kufanele ifakwe ebhodweni. Uma amacembe esenziwe amacembe, qhubeka ungeze ushukela bese ufaka ijusi kalamula. Faka amanzi bese ushiya imizuzu engu-45 phezu komlilo ophakathi. Khona-ke kufanele wengeze ijusi lenye ilamula bese ulinda ukuthi ubilise. Ekugcineni, kufanele isuswe futhi amanzi e-rose afakwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezimonyo kwama-roses
Enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ama-rose petals ukwenza izimonyo. Konke lokhu kungenxa yephunga lawo, asetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamakha kanye nokhilimu wobuhle. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-roses angasetshenziswa ngenxa yokubunjwa kwawo, okulungele isikhumba samafutha.
Isu Lokutshala AmaRose
Ukulima kuwumkhuba owenziwa umuntu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lapho ukutshala nokunakekela uhlobo lwesitshalo lwenziwa ukuze lukhule okulawulwayo kanye nenzuzo yalo elandelayo emphakathini.Kulokhu, izitshalo zama-rose ziye zathuthukiswa ikakhulukazi izakhiwo ezibonisa futhi bayayizuzisa, ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba, ikakhulukazi emazweni aseYurophu, bagxile ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlobo lwezitshalo.
Ukuze kutshalwe ama-roses, kubalulekile ukukhumbula izici ezithile ezingaba yinzuzo noma zibaluleke ngokuphelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukiswa okufanele kwe-rose. Ukuqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi kukhona ubunzima ekufezeni inqubo yokuhlwanyela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kunezincomo ezidingekayo.
Okokuqala, kufanele ukhethe uhlobo lwama-rose ofuna ukulutshala ngoba kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30,000 ezihlukene zamarose emhlabeni. Kuyafaneleka ukukhetha izinhlobonhlobo ngokusekelwe endaweni okufanele itshalwe kuyo izimo ezithile zezulu, uthande ezinye kakhulu kunezinye. Kulokhu, kunconywa ukwenza ucwaningo lwama roses athandwayo ngokuya ngendawo ofuna ukuyitshala, ngale ndlela ukukhula okuhle kuzoqinisekiswa.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi indawo ekhethiwe yokukhulisa ama-roses iyindawo engathola okungenani amahora angama-5 wokukhanya ngosuku. Futhi ukugqamisa isimo sezwe ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuba ne-drainage enhle, ukuvimbela amanzi ukuthi angahlali amile. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuthi inhlabathi ayihlangene kakhulu futhi ingabi nesihlabathi kakhulu, kulokhu ingaxazululwa ngokungeza izinto eziphilayo futhi kuvimbele ukuthi umhlabathi ube ne-asidi kakhulu. Kutuswa ukuyihlwanyela ekupheleni kobusika futhi nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, okwakamuva kuyinkathi enconywa kakhulu yokutshala ama roses.
Inqubo ilula, ekuqaleni vele umbe umgodi omkhudlwana kune rose uqinisekise ukuthi isekela i-rose. Ukuqokomisa iqiniso lokuthi uma ufuna ukutshala ama-roses amaningana, kuyadingeka ukuwahlukanisa okungenani amasentimitha angama-70, ngale ndlela avimbele ukuba bancintisane ngezinsiza. Ngemva kokuvula umgodi, engeza umquba futhi wenze indunduma phakathi nendawo ukuze ubeke impande yerozi phakathi nendawo.
Uma impande isifakwe endundumeni, umgodi kufanele ugcwaliswe umhlabathi, ngale ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukuthi zonke izimpande zimboziwe futhi isiqu siyavela. Ngemuva kwalokho kuhle ukuchelela imbali ngamanzi anele bese ulinda umhlaba ukuze uyikhiphe. Le nqubo iphetha ngokwenza indunduma yomhlaba ezungeze i-rose. Khona-ke kufanele uzame ukuyisicaba ngokucophelela ugweme ukulimaza isitshalo. Ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukuvikela i-rose emoyeni futhi uyigcine isendaweni.
Nakekela Izimbali
Ama-roses ahambisana nengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo zonke izivande nezindawo ezahlukene zamadolobha abhekwa njengezona eziyinhloko zokuhlobisa izindawo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuqinile kwalezi zitshalo ezinhle. akulula kangako.. Ngezansi isethi yezinqubo ezingenziwa ukuze kugcinwe izihlahla ze-rose.
Luz
Ukukhanya kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekukhuleni kwesitshalo ngoba kuvumela izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ze-biochemical ezibalulekile ukuze impilo yenziwe. Kulokhu, ama-roses adinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthintana okuncane kwamahora angu-6 okukhanya, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane, ngoba abanye bakhetha umthunzi, ngakho-ke kuhle ukuwabeka elangeni isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-5.
Ukuthumela okungaphansi
Ihambisana nezwe noma inhlabathi esetshenziselwa ukugcina ukunakekelwa okwanele kwesitshalo emhlabathini okhethiwe, iqinisekisa ukuthi i-drainage yanele, uma ingafaneleki kakhulu ingabangela amanzi amile futhi ngenxa yalokho abolise isitshalo. kuyilapho ukuba ne-drainage ngokweqile kakhulu ngeke kuvumele isitshalo ukuba simswakama kahle futhi sibambe umswakama odingekayo.
Izihlahla
Ukuthena kuhambisana nesethi yamasu asetshenziswa ukulawula ukukhula kwamanye amagatsha noma izingxenye zezitshalo ezithinta ukwakheka kwazo kobuhle nokukhula kwesiqu. Zonke izihlahla zama-rose zivame ukuqhakaza unyaka wonke kusukela entwasahlobo kuze kube maphakathi nobusika. Ngale ndlela, ama-roses abunile angatholakala phakathi kwama-rosebushes ayasuswa. Indlela esetshenziswa kabanzi wukukwazi ukulandela isiqu se-rose eyomile uze uthole igatsha lokuqala elinamaqabunga amahlanu bese lisikwa ngaphezu kwalo.
Maphakathi nobusika, ukuthenwa okukhulu kufanele kwenziwe, okuvumela amagatsha amane noma amahlanu ukuthi ahlale esiqwini esikhulu. Ukuthena uhhafu nakho kungenziwa ngesikhathi sonyaka ukuze kugcinwe i-rosebush isesimeni esimaphakathi. Akuyona into encike ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
Kunconywa ukuthi ukusikeka kwenziwe ngesikelo esicijile ngale ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukuthi kuhlanzeke ngokuphelele, kugwenywe ukuchotshozwa. Kumele futhi zicheme, zigweme ukusikeka okuqondile futhi ngaphandle kokushiya imicu kuzo. Kunconywa ukuthi usike isigamu sesentimitha ngaphezu kwehlumela langaphandle, esimweni sokusebenzisa ukuchelela ngaphakathi (okuthambekele) okunconywa ngezikhathi lapho lina noma ezimeni lapho isitshalo siniselwa ngamanzi agelezayo futhi singaqoqi kuhlumela, ukuvimbela ukuqhakaza kwayo.
Ngokuvamile ama-rose bush anomumo wengilazi yewayini okuvumela ukufinyelela okukhanyayo kuso sonke isitshalo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zithenwe lapho wonke amaqabunga eqeda ukumila.
Ukubhebhetheka
Izitshalo zibonakala ngokukwazi ukuphindaphinda ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke, ukusabalalisa kungasetshenziswa, okuhambisana nawo wonke amasu asetshenziselwa ukuphindaphinda kwezihlahla ze-rose ukuze zikhiqize ngesikhathi sekwindla, zisetshenziswe ngezindlela ezine:
- Ngembewu: ihambisana nenqubo yokukhipha imbewu ezinqulwini ze-rose, izengeza emanzini amahora angaba ngu-12, khona-ke kufanele ihlwanyelwe ezweni elifunayo. Akuqinisekisi ukukhula okulinganayo kwesitshalo endaweni etshaliwe, yingakho kubhekwa njengenqubo engasebenzi kakhulu.
- Ngokusikwa: Kungenye yezindlela ezinconyiwe kakhulu zokuthola izitshalo lapho kusikwa khona, zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
- Ngokubeka izingqimba: Akuyona indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu, ituswa kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, iyisiqu eside futhi esiguquguqukayo esine-cut in the curve kanye nama-hormone engeziwe, bese singeniswa emhlabathini ngendlela ehleliwe.
- Ngokuxhunyelelwa: Kuyinqubo esetshenziselwa ukushisela izitshalo ezimbili ngendlela ehlukile, ngenkathi zikhula zihlangana zize zibe sinye, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa igatsha noma ihlumela bese zixhunyelelwa. Lezi zixhumi zingaba "T" noma zimise okwe-wedge.
Izifo kanye Nezinambuzane of Roses
Izitshalo zibonakala ngokuba ubuhle bemvelo kamama ezivezwe izakhi ezahlukene kanye nezinguquko ezibonwa emhlabeni, phakathi kwezinye zezinto ezingaba nomthelela kuyo yizinambuzane nezifo. Imvamisa kuzwakala ngama-aphid noma izibungu zomiyane ezithinta izihlahla zama-rose, sazise ukuthi yiziphi izimo eziyinhloko ezingathonya:
Indawo emnyama
Indawo emnyama ibhekwa njengesifo esingasakazeka emanzini, ngakho-ke sithinta izimo ezinezindawo ezinomswakama kakhulu. Imvelaphi yegama layo kungenxa yokuvela kwamachashaza amnyama, avela emaqabunga nasesiqwini se-rose. Lolu hlobo lwesifo lungadala ubuthakathaka obukhulu esitshalweni.
Ukulwa naso, kufanele kuvinjwe ikakhulukazi ngokunisela kuphela isisekelo sesitshalo nokunganaki amahlamvu, kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni ukuze isitshalo sibe nesikhathi sokumisa. Uma isitshalo sesivele sinegciwane, singafakwa ku-fungicide eyenziwe ngethusi.
Roya
Ihambisana nesifo esingazibonakalisa ngokubonakala kwamachashaza awolintshi ezungeze amaqabunga e-rose, konke lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yesikhunta esinamathela ezindaweni ezivezwe kakhulu ze-rose futhi sithinte ukuqhakaza kwe-rose kuze kube sekugcineni. abangele ukufa kwakhe. Kulokhu, kuhle ukususa wonke amaqabunga afile e-rose futhi usebenzise inqubo efanayo enconyelwe indawo emnyama, okungcono ukusebenzisa isikhunta esisekelwe ethusi.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
Kubhekwa njengesifo esibi kakhulu ezitshalweni, singabangelwa isikhunta, futhi siveza ukubonakala kwamachashazi amhlophe kuso sonke isitshalo. Lolu hlobo lwesifo luzobangela ukuba buthaka ngokushesha kwesitshalo futhi ekugcineni nokufa kwe-rose. Okutuswayo kulolu hlobo lwesifo ukubhekana nokwelashwa okushesha nokusebenzayo okuvuna isitshalo.
Kudingeka ukusabela ngokushesha njengoba lapho isifo sithintana kakhulu nesitshalo, kuzoba nzima kakhulu ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngisho nangemva kokusetshenziswa kokwelashwa. Kulokhu, kungcono ukufaka isikhunta esisekelwe ku-bicarbonate.
Isikhunta
Ihambisana nesifo esiyingozi kakhulu ngoba ingabangela ukubola okuphelele kwe-rosebush. Kulokhu, ukubonakala kwayo okukhulu kunakho konke kubonakala esimweni sezulu esinomswakama. Uphawu oluyinhloko oluqashelwa lesi sifo ukubonakala kwamachashaza amaningana ansomi emaqabunga.
Kunconywa ukuthi ulawule lesi sifo kusukela ekuqaleni kwesitshalo, ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela kungcono, kunconywa indlela enhle yokuthena ekwazi ukunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwezinye izitshalo noma izihlahla ze-rose eziseduze. Kodwa uma isivele inegciwane, kuhle ukulahla izindawo ezithintekile futhi ekugcineni uphathe ama-roses nge-fungicide efanelekile.
igciwane le-mosaic
Ibhekwa njengegciwane eliyingozi kakhulu ngoba lingathonya ukukhula lize liyikhubaze, libe nomthelela ekukhuleni kwerose. Igciwane lingabonakala ngokuvela kwamachashaza aphuzi ahlukene. Endabeni yokuba nesitshalo esinalolu hlobo lwesimo, ngeshwa lesi sitshalo kufanele silahlwe kodwa uma kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo sithinteke kuphela kwamanye amaqabunga, angashintshwa futhi mhlawumbe isitshalo singathuthukisa ukukhula kwaso.
Ukuphazamiseka (Physiopathies)
Kunezimo ezahlukahlukene ezingaba nomthelela kuma-rosebushes, hhayi izifo noma ukuphazamiseka kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuchayeka ezimeni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo ezingaba zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwawo, okulandelayo kugqame:
Isithwathwa: Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi ngezikhathi zasebusika kungabangela ukulimala ezimpandeni, kanye nesithwathwa sekwephuzile esingashisa lawo mahlumela amasha ezitshalweni.
Isichotho Ihambisana nalezo zimo zemvula eyiqhwa ibhubhisa kakhulu, ezingeni lokubola kanye nezimpawu zeziqu ezibangela izifo.
Umoya: Ukuchayeka emoyeni onamandla kubangela ukuba amagatsha aphuke, ukushisa noma ukoma kubangela ukuthi isitshalo sibune, amakhaza angashisa izitshalo, uma eseduze nolwandle angabangela ukuthi kufakwe usawoti okhiqiza ukushisa.
Ukushisa kwegagasi: Ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa angama-40ºC kanye nomswakama ophansi kungabangela ukoma kanye nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ezitshalweni zize zibune.
Ukuntuleka kokukhanya: Kungabangela ukuthi izimbali zibe yindlala futhi zihluleke nokuvela, kubangele ukuthi zikhule zibe bushelelezi futhi zibe buthaka.
Ukuzindla: Zama ukuthela amanzi ngokweqile kwesitshalo, kuze kufike eqophelweni lokubangela ukuminyanisa kwezimpande futhi ukhiqize isikhunta esingenza izifo zisebenze futhi zibolise izimpande.
Ukuntuleka kwamanzi: Amanzi ayisici esibalulekile ekukhuleni kwesitshalo ngendlela efanele.
Ukutshala okubi: Kudingekile ukushweleza ngolwazi oluhlukene njengokutshala ngesikhathi esifanele, ukusebenzisa umquba, ukungatshali uqine kakhulu nokwazi umhlabathi.
Isifo somhlabathi: Imvamisa kunezihlahla zama-rose ezitshalwe iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 enhlabathini efanayo, kungakuhle ukuthi ungatshali esinye isihlahla sama-rose ngoba sizodala ukuwohloka kwama-microelements kanye nesikhunta esingaba khona kanye nobuthi obukhona.
Amanzi okunisela asezingeni eliphansi: Kudingekile ukuthi ungasebenzisi noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamanzi ngoba lungaphazamisa ukukhula kwesitshalo, kwezinye zingaba nosawoti oshisa amathiphu amaqabunga aze abe nombala ophuzi futhi othobile, kunconywa ukuhlaziya izakhi ezikhona. emanzini.
Ukulimala kwemishini ezimpandeni kusuka ekujuleni noma ekulimeni: Kunconywa ukusika amanxeba okungenzeka akhona ezimpandeni futhi ngalokhu sebenzisa isibulala-sikhunta, ukhumbula uhlobo lwempande isitshalo esinayo.
Ukungcoliswa komhlabathi: Ungathola ukukhumbula ezinye izinto ezithinta umhlabathi njengomchamo wezilwane, okokuhlanza, udizili, izibulala-zinambuzane, imikhiqizo ye-phytosanitary, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukushoda kwanoma yisiphi isakhamzimba: Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kunezici ezingalahlekelwa izakhi ezibalulekile njenge-nitrogen, i-potassium, insimbi, phakathi kwabanye. Kulokhu kuhle ukusebenzisa umanyolo onama-fertilizer akhethekile.
I-nitrogen eyeqile: Kunconywa ukugwema ukuhlukunyezwa ngomanyolo we-nitrogenous ngoba kungabangela ukushisa, ukukhula ngokweqile, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezibuthakathaka, izifo, phakathi kwabanye.
Ukuthena akwenziwanga kahle: Kudingekile ukukhumbula izikhathi ezihambisanayo zokufeza ukuthena ukuze kuthonye ukukhula kweqiniso kwesihlahla.
Ukwelashwa okungalungile kwe-phytosanitary: ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula noma umanyolo obangela ukushisa noma isenzo somoya sidluliselwa kwenye indawo edala umonakalo ezitshalweni ezikhona.
Ukuhlanganisa ama-cocoons: Yilawo ma-buds angawavuli amacembe futhi abekwe ansundu, ngenxa yomswakama oweqile futhi akhiqize izinambuzane ezinjenge-aphid.
Umonakalo owenziwe ngesinqamuli sezintambo: ihambisana nalona ophethe ukuqeda ukhula emahlathini kusetshenziswa isinqamuli sezintambo, kuyinqubo ebucayi ngoba uma iziqu zishaywa zingalimala futhi isitshalo sife ringed.
Izinzuzo ze-Roses
I-Roses ibhekwa njengenye yezitshalo ezifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwekhulu kanye nezinhlobo ezifika ezinkulungwaneni ezingamashumi amathathu zama roses, ngakho-ke ukuthuthukiswa ocwaningweni lwama roses kuya ngokuya kubanzi. Ngale ndlela, kuboniswa izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, imibala nezitayela.
Ukutshalwa kwama roses kuwumkhuba owenziwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukuba ne-boom enkulu ngeNkathi Ephakathi lapho kugqanyiswa izakhiwo zokwelapha lezi zitshalo ezinazo. Ama-roses okuqala okunomlando wokutshalwa kwawo, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX nekhulu le-XNUMX, lapho ayetshalwa khona ukuze kamuva asetshenziswe ngokuhlobisa ngisho nangezinhloso zenkolo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu inani elikhulu lama-rose bush. zazibhekwa ezingadini zezindela nasemasontweni.
I-rosebush endala kunazo zonke emhlabeni itholakala e-Hildeseilm cathedral eJalimane, ibhekwa njengengaphezu kweminyaka eyinkulungwane ubudala. Ngokomlando iyinganekwane emhlabeni wama roses, lapho ngokwezindaba kuthiwa ihlobene nokuvela kweNcasakazi futhi ngenxa yalokhu kwakhiwa indlu yesonto egameni likaMama Obusisiwe.
Kungashiwo ukuthi kunama roses angaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu alinywa kuphela ukuze asetshenziswe ngoFebhuwari 100, okuwusuku lwesikhumbuzo soSuku lwezithandani, okuwusuku olubungazwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke olwaziwa njengosuku lothando nobungane, lapho izithandani eziningi Banikezana ama roses nezimbali bekhumbula lolo suku oluhle. Njengoba kuwusuku olunjalo lwezohwebo, kubangela ukukhathazeka kwabathengisi bezimbali abaningi njengoba kufanele bahlanganise isidingo somhlaba wonke esikhumbuzweni sosuku oluhle kangaka.
Ngokusho kwamarekhodi ezihlahla eziningi ze-rose ezingafinyelela kumamitha angu-5 ukuphakama, lolu hlobo lwesimo lungaba olungavamile, ngoba izihlahla zama-rose ngokuvamile azikhuli ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezikhuphukayo ezingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ze-rose bush zingahlukahluka kakhulu ngokuma nemibala, ngokuya ngosayizi zivame ukufana kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwezinhlobo ofuna ukuzithola.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile: