Abantu bavame ukuzibuza ukuthi singabakuphi , futhi esingakusho ngalokho ukuthi akuyona iMilky Way.
Singabakwamuphi umthala?
Ukuthi singobani umthala wezinkanyezi kuyindaba ephikiswana ngayo, njengoba abaningi bethi akuyona iMilky Way , okungangabazeki ukuthi umthala wezinkanyezi ojikelezayo lapho uhlelo lwethu lwelanga lukhona, nalapho uMhlaba, iplanethi esihlala kuyo, utholakala khona. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezici zomthala wezinkanyezi wethu, ungabheka lesi sihloko mayelana nezici zomthala wezinkanyezi.
Ngokusho kocwaningo, inesisindo esingu-10¹² solar masses futhi iyisakhiwo esimise okwesiyingi. I-axis yayo ephakathi ihlanganisa cishe iminyaka yokukhanya eyi-100,000, cishe elingana namakhilomitha ayi-1.5 trillion noma imizimba yasezulwini eyizigidigidi ezingu-9.48. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ibamba izinkanyezi ezahlukene eziphakathi kuka-200 no-400 billion.
Indlela esuka eLangeni iya eksisi ye-nebula cishe iminyaka engu-25 yokukhanya, ngamanye amazwi, amaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu nambili engqikithi ye-astral axis. I-Milky Way imelela ingxenye yeqoqo lemithala engaba ngu-40 ikhonjiwe Iqembu Lendawo, futhi ingeyesibili ngobukhulu futhi ekhazimulayo ngemuva kwe-Andromeda (kodwa-ke, ingase ibe nkulu kakhulu, njengoba i-thesis entsha ifakazela).
Ebusuku, ibonakala njengebhande elingabonakali lokukhanya okumhlophe kulo lonke imbulunga yasezulwini. Lokhu kubonakala okungavamile komthala wethu kungenxa yezinkanyezi nezinye izinto ezitholakala ebusweni be-nebula, njengomhwamuko wasemkhathini. I-Milky Way ibonakala ikhanya kakhulu eqoqweni lezinkanyezi i-Sagittarius, njengoba umongo wayo utholakala kuleso sifunda esiqondile.
Iqiniso ngomthala esingabawo
Njengoba sekushiwo kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuhlonza nokuveza ukuthi singobani umthala wezinkanyezi kulula kakhulu, njengoba umthala wethu ngokungangabazeki uyiMilky Way , okuthi ngaphezu kokuqukatha iplanethi yethu, futhi uqukethe neSistimu Yelanga. Ngakho-ke, kuyathakazelisa nokufunda kabanzi ngendawo yoMhlaba ngaphakathi komthala wezinkanyezi , njengoba lokhu kusisiza siqonde kangcono indawo yethu endaweni yonke.
Kulo mongo, ngobusuku obuningi obucacile singabona ibhande elimhlophe linwebeka esibhakabhakeni, ligcwele izinkanyezi zazo zonke izinhlobo, ezinye ziyizithutha kanti ezinye zinkulu. Lezi zinkanyezi ziyingxenye encane nje yomakhelwane bethu. Zihlangene, zakha iMilky Way, ngamanye amazwi, umthala wethu.
Singakuwuphi umthala: iMilky Way
I -Solar System itholakala kolunye uhlangothi lomthala ojikelezayo , ikakhulukazi cishe iminyaka yokukhanya engu-28.000 ukusuka ku-axis, kanye neminyaka yokukhanya engaba ngu-22.000 ohlangothini ngalunye. Lokhu kuhlobene nokutadisha izinhlobo zemithala , okwandisa ukuqonda kwethu ukuthi imithala yakheka kanjani futhi ihlelwe kanjani.
Izici zomthala wethu
Ezinye zezici zomthala wethu yilezi:
1. Usayizi
I-Milky Way iyi-galaxy enkulu, ejikelezayo equkethe izinkanyezi ezingaba yizigidigidi ezingu-300, okuhlanganisa neLanga lethu. I-axis yayo ihlanganisa iminyaka yokukhanya eyi-100.000, futhi ubukhulu bayo bungaphezu kwezinkanyezi eziyizigidigidi ezimbili, uma kuqhathaniswa nezaseLangeni.
2. Ukusonteka
Njalo eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-225, iSistimu Yelanga iqeda ukujikeleza eduze nesikhungo se-nebula. Inyakaza cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-270. Lokhu kunyakaza kufundwa maqondana nokwakheka kwemithala nezinkanyezi , okuwumkhakha othakazelisayo wezinkanyezi.
3. Umphenduli
Asikwazi ukuhlukanisa i-axis ekhanyayo ngoba ihlanganiswe nezinto ezimnyama, eziqondile, uthuli lwasemkhathini, kanye nomhwamuko obandayo, okuvimbela ukukhanya ukuthi kudlule. Iyancibilika, isekele umgodi omnyama osebenzayo.
4. Ukumelwa
I- Milky Way ibonakala ilensi eqondile . Ingaphakathi layo linebhande eliphakathi elinomumo ofana ne-elliptical kanye ne-axis engaba ngu-8.000 light-years ubude. Izinkanyezi ezisendaweni eqondile zigcwele kakhulu kunezo ezisemaphethelweni angaphandle. Ziyizungezile ifu le-hydrogen, ezinye izinkanyezi ezimbalwa, kanye namaqoqo ezinkanyezi ahlukahlukene.
5. Igama
Ngokufanayo, singayazi futhi iMilky Way njengeCamino de Santiago , njengoba ucezu lokukhanya lungabonakala ngeso lenyama eligijima esibhakabhakeni ebusuku.
Ukutholwa komthala wethu
Ngo-1610, uGalileo , esebenzisa itheleskopu, waqinisekisa ucwaningo lukaDemocritus ngokubala izinkanyezi azibonile esibhakabhakeni. Ngakho-ke wadala isithombe sengqondo seMilky Way njengesondo lasezulwini lapho iplanethi yethu ihlanganiswe khona. Kodwa-ke, uGalileo akakwazanga ukulinganisa ubukhulu baleli nebula. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo-1912, kwavezwa ubudlelwano phakathi kwesikhathi nokukhanya kwezinkanyezi eziguquguqukayo zeCepheid , okuvumela ososayensi ukubala izindlela zamaqoqo ezinkanyezi. Ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalezi zidalwa zasezulwini, bheka lesi sihloko ngamaqoqo ezinkanyezi.
Iqembu Lendawo
Kanye ne -Andromeda , unxantathu, amafu e-Magellanic, imithala emincane kanye nama-nebulae, kanye nezinye izinhlelo ezincane, zakha iqembu eliboshwe amandla adonsela phansi, futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi iQembu Lendawo.
Iziphetho mayelana nokuthi sikuwuphi umthala
Sekuyizigidi zeminyaka sitshelwe ukuthi uhlelo lwelanga luphathelene nomthala wethu, okungukuthi, "iMilky Way", kodwa izincwadi ezintsha ziqagela ukuthi empeleni ukuqala kohlelo lwelanga kuse-Sagittarius dwarf nebula, kangangokuthi lapho kusondela, iSagittarius yanwetshwa, yahlukaniswa futhi yacwiliswa yiMilky Way njengesibonelo sokudla abantu base-astral.
Imephu yesibhakabhaka
Ngokusho kocwaningo, abacwaningi abaningana badale uhlobo lwemephu yesibhakabhaka sasebusuku , okungangabazeki ukuthi kwabaholela ekukholweni ukuthi inkanyezi yethu ingase ibe nomsuka wayo kwenye i-nebula egwinywa eyethu. Ngakho-ke, ukutadisha i-Milky Way kuba yinto ebalulekile ekuqondeni lobu budlelwano.
Ngenxa yalokhu okungenhla, phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ososayensi baye bafuna ukuchaza ukuthi kungani iMilky Way ibonakala inomfudlana wokukhanya ovela ezweni lethu . Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwemiphumela etholwe kumephu, uMhlaba awuyona ingxenye yeMilky Way, kodwa kunalokho iSagittarius Dwarf Nebula , egwinywa yiyo.
Ngokusho kokutholakele okuvela kuphrojekthi ehlaziya imisebe ye-infrared endaweni , eholwa yi-University of Massachusetts, abacwaningi baveza izimfihlo ezinde mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-Milky Way nesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.
Besebenzisa izithombe ze-infrared, abacwaningi bakwazile ukuthola izigidi zezinkanyezi emthaleni i-M Giant okukhulunywe ngawo ngenhla. Lezi zinkanyezi ziningi emthaleni i-Sagittarius kodwa azivamile kweyethu.
Ngaphambi kwalo msebenzi, izazi zezinkanyezi zazithole izinkanyezi ezimbalwa ezihlakazekile ngaphakathi kwe-Sagittarius Dwarf Nebula. Ukuba khona kwayo kwaze kwasuswa kwaze kwaba yilapho ingqikithi yale qoqo lezinkanyezi ezisathelayithi yembulwa yithimba laseBrithani labahloli bezinkanyezi.
Umkhawulo wezazi zezinkanyezi
I -engeli lapho i-Milky Way ibonakala khona esibhakabhakeni iye yabathakazelisa ososayensi. Ukube inkanyezi yethu yayakheke ngaphakathi kwe-Milky Way, besizohlala eduze kwe-ecliptic yomthala, izinkanyezi ezizungeze iLanga nge-engeli efana kakhulu neyeLanga lethu.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, njengoba umcwaningi u-Edwin esikisela, i-engeli engavamile isho ukuthi iLanga lethu lithonywa olunye uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izazi zezinkanyezi ziyaqiniseka ngokwengeziwe ukuthi imephu ye-infrared ibonakala ixazulula imfihlakalo futhi ichaze isimiso esiyisisekelo sesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga.
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuveza ukuthi ukuphendula ukuthi singabakuphi umthala kulula ukuwembula manje njengoba sesicacile ukuthi asibona abeMilky Way kodwa singowesinye esidliwa yiwo.
