Ezweni eligcwele izinguquko eziqhubekayo nokungaqiniseki, ukufuna ukuthula nokuthula kwangaphakathi kuye kwaba isidingo esiyisisekelo kubantu abaningi. I-Stoicism, ifilosofi yasendulo eyavela eGrisi ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC futhi yathuthukiswa eRoma lasendulo, inikeza indlela eyingqayizivele yokubhekana nezinselele zempilo ngokuhlakanipha nangokuzola.
Ngezansi, sikunikeza ithuba lokuhlola ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi iyini iStoicism, imiqondo yayo eyinhloko, izibalo eziphawulekayo kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa izimfundiso zayo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Yazi leli gatsha elithakazelisayo lefilosofi nethuluzi eliwusizo lempilo yakho yansuku zonke: I-Stoicism, ukuthola ukuthula kwifilosofi yasendulo.
Isingeniso kuStoicism
I-Stoicism iyifilosofi egxile ekutshalweni kobuhle nokuhlakanipha njengendlela yokuzuza injabulo nokuthula. Igama layo livela ku- thula poikile (umpheme opendiwe), indawo ese-Athene lapho isazi sefilosofi uZeno waseCitium sasivame ukufundisa khona. AmaStoyiku ayekholelwa ekubalulekeni kokulawula imizwelo nezimpendulo ezimweni zangaphandle ukuze afinyelele isimo sokuthula kwangaphakathi okungenakuqedwa.
Imiqondo eyinhloko yeStoicism
Ubuhle Njengomuhle Ophakeme
AmaStoyiku ayekholelwa ukuthi ukulunga kuwukuphela komthombo wenjabulo yangempela. Baqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlakanipha, ubulungisa, isibindi kanye nokuzithiba kwakuyizimfanelo eziyinhloko okwakumelwe kuhlakulelwe futhi kupheleliswe kukho konke ukuphila.
Ukunganaki okubheke ngaphandle
Umqondo oyinhloko weStoicism umqondo wokuthi izimo zangaphandle, njenge Umcebo, udumo noma amandla akusho lutho uma kuziwa enjabulweni nasebuhleni. Bagomela ngokuthi asikwazi ukulawula lezi zimo, ngakho-ke kufanele sifunde ukuzamukela ngokulinganayo futhi Gxila kulokho esingakulawula: izenzo zethu nendlela esisabela ngayo.
Ukwamukela intando yemvelo
AmaStoyiku amukela umbono wokuthi imvelo ibuswa ukucabanga kwaphezulu, nokuthi ukwamukela intando yemvelo kwakubalulekile ukuze siphile ngokuvumelana nendawo yonke. Lokhu kwakusho yemukela kokubili izinjabulo nezinsizi zokuphila ngokuthula nokwamukela ngokugcwele.
Ukuzithiba nokuzithiba
I-Stoicism igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuzithiba nokuzithiba. AmaStoyiku ayekholelwa ukuthi kufanele qeqesha izingqondo nemizwa yethu ukuze ingathinteki ezikhathini ezinzima zokuphila, kodwa ukuze uhlale uzolile futhi ulinganisele ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Izibalo ezivelele zeStoicism
I-Zeno yase-Citium (334-262 BC)
Zeno Wayengumsunguli weStoicism futhi wasungula izimiso zayo eziyisisekelo. Imfundiso yakhe kuvulandi odwetshiwe wase-Athene yabeka isisekelo salefilosofi.
I-Epictetus (55-135 AD)
U-Epictetus, isigqila esikhululiwe esaphenduka isazi sefilosofi, waziwa "Ngezinkulumo" kanye "Nencwadi ye-Epictetus." Wafundisa ukubaluleka kokwamukela lokho okungenakushintshwa futhi ugxile ekuzithibeni, njengoba kushiwo kumongo weStoicism kanye nokusebenza kwawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.
I-Seneca (4 BC - 65 AD)
USeneca, isazi sezwe nesazi sefilosofi samaStoyiku esinethonya, wabhala izindatshana nezincwadi eziningi ezikhuluma. izimiso zokuziphatha kanye nefilosofi yamastoic. Imibhalo yakhe isafundwa futhi ifundwa kabanzi namuhla, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwe Umcabango kaSeneca okwamanje. Ubuye aphendule imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungaphila kanjani ngenhloso nengqikithi, okuyisisekelo Ifilosofi yamaStoic.
Ukusebenzisa i-Stoicism ekuphileni kwansuku zonke
I-Stoicism inikeza izimiso ezisebenzayo ezingasisiza ukuthi sibhekane nezinselele zempilo yansuku zonke futhi sithuthukise inhlalakahle yethu yemizwa:
Gxila kulokho ongakwazi ukukulawula
Funda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalokho ongakwazi ukukulawula nalokho ongakwazi. Esikhundleni sokukhathazeka ngezenzakalo zangaphandle ezingalawuleki, gxilisa amandla akho emicabangweni yakho, izenzo zakho, kanye nokusabela kwakho. Emisinga eminingi engokomoya nangokwengqondo kukhulunywa ngomqondo “wokubuyela ekhaya”: indlu yizwe lakho langaphakathi, okuwukuphela kwalo onegunya phezu kwalo. Kungase kube nenkanyamba ngaphandle, kodwa ngaphakathi kuwe ungathola ukuthula, uma ukusebenzele:
"Izimo zangaphandle zingasiphuca yonke into,
ngaphansi kwento eyodwa:
inkululeko yokuzikhethela indlela yokusabela kulezo zimo.
UVictor Frankl
Zifundise ukuzithiba
Hlakulela ukuzithiba zibekele imigomo enengqondo, thuthukisa imikhuba enempilo futhi ugcine ukulawula okuqondayo phezu kwemibono nemizwelo yakho. Ukuzibophezela ekuzikhuzeni kubalulekile, futhi kungahlotshaniswa nomqondo we stoicism kanye nenjabulo, lapho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukwaneliseka kwethu kuvela ngaphakathi. Konke lokhu kuhlobene nokuzimisela ukufeza imigomo nokubhekana nobunzima ukunyakaza kwamaStoic okuhlongozwayo, njengoba sizobona ephuzwini elilandelayo.
Yamukela ukungapheleli
Yamukela ukuthi ukuphila kugcwele izinguquko nokuthi usizi abunakugwenywa. Esikhundleni sokumelana nalezi zinguquko, zamukele njengamathuba okukhula nokufunda. Ngalo mqondo, i-psychology (ithonywe kakhulu ifilosofi) iphakamisa ukuthi usizi ngalunye lungabonwa njengethuba impilo esinikeza yona ukuze sithole ukufunda, esikhundleni sokungena ebhadini lembudane ngaphandle kokusebenzisa leli thuba. Kubalulekile ukwamukela ingxenye emnyama kakhulu yempilo ukuze udlule kukho ngamandla nangokuzithoba. Isihluthulelo sakho konke ukwamukela:
“Lokho ophikayo uyakuhambisa.
“Lokho owamukelayo, kuyakuguqula”
UCarl Gustav Jung
Hlakulela ukubonga
Prakthiza ukubonga nsuku zonke, uqaphela izibusiso ekuphileni kwakho esikhundleni sokugxila kulokho okushodayo. Lokhu kuzokusiza ugcine umbono omuhle, ohlobene I-Stoicism kumongo wamaRoma. Njengoba isisho sakudala sisho:
"Kuzalwa kahle, ukubonga"
phila ngobuqotho
Bheka ubuhle kuzo zonke izenzo zakho nobudlelwano. Yenza ngobulungisa, isibindi, ukuhlakanipha nokuzithiba kuzo zonke izimo.
I-Stoicism kanye nokuqina
Ukuqinisela kanye neStoicism babelana ngoxhumano olujulile ngokugxila kwabo emandleni angokomzwelo nokuzivumelanisa nezimo: I-Stoicism inikeza amathuluzi efilosofi okubhekana nobunzima; Ukuqina, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kugxile ekhonweni lokululama nokuchuma naphezu kobunzima. Kokubili kuqokomisa ukubaluleka kokwamukela iqiniso, ukuthuthukisa ukuzithiba nokulondoloza isimo sengqondo sokuphikelela lapho ubhekene nobunzima.
Ekugcineni, I-Stoicism ingabonakala njengesisekelo sefilosofi esikhuthaza ukukhuthazela, okusisiza ukuthi sihlale sizolile futhi sakhiwe lapho impilo iletha izinselele ezingalindelekile.
I-Stoicism: indawo yokuthula lapho ubhekene nezinselele zempilo
I-Stoicism, ifilosofi yasendulo esasebenza nanamuhla, inikeza indlela enamandla yokuthola ukuthula ezweni elineziyaluyalu. Ngokugxila ebuhleni, ekuzikhuzeni, nasekwamukeleni imvelo, amaStoyiku asifundisa ukuphila ngokulinganisela nokubhekana nezinselele kalula.
Ngokusebenzisa lezi zimiso ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, singathola ukuthula okukhulu kwangaphakathi kanye nokwaneliseka okukhulu ezimpilweni zethu, kungakhathaliseki izimo zangaphandle. I-Stoicism isikhumbuza ukuthi ingcebo yeqiniso ilele ekutshalweni kwengqondo nomoya.
