UbuJainism a inkolo enamakholwa angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4,3, ikakhulukazi amaNdiya. Le nkolo icabanga ukuthi umuntu ngamunye, umphefumulo ngamunye, unemvelo yobunkulunkulu ngaphakathi kwawo. Abantu abazibiza ngale nkolo baziwa ngokuphila ukuphila okulula okuzinikele ekuzindleni.
Ake sazi le nkolo kancane futhi Ake sibone ukubaluleka kwezinye zezimfundiso zakhe. ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke noma ezweni lanamuhla lapho ngezinye izikhathi singakhungatheka ngezimpilo zethu.
UbuJainism
UbuJainism a I-dharmic, inkolo yendawo yonke kanye ne-non-theistic (okungukuthi abakholelwa kunkulunkulu). Isekelwe emcabangweni kasanta waseNdiya, uMahavira, owasungula ubuJainism. Isisekelo lapho le nkolo yakhelwe khona ukwenqatshwa kweVedas njengemibhalo engcwele, uhlelo lwe-caste njengesistimu yezenhlalo kanye nemihlatshelo njengomkhuba ongokwesiko.
AmaJain aziwa ngendlela yawo yokuphila enzima, ukuzinikela ekuzindleni, nokuzama ukugwema ukulimaza noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempilo. Inkolo nabasebenzi bayo baye benza iminikelo ebalulekile kufilosofi, ubuciko kanye nemibhalo I-India, efana neminikelo eyenziwe ku- Ubuciko bamaHindu. Into eyeqe imingcele.
Isibonelo sobuciko yilezi Amathempeli amaJain afana neRanakpur esingasibona esithombeni esingezansi. Leli thempeli alisona nje isibonelo kodwa libaluleke kakhulu kubuJainism.
imiqondo eyisisekelo
Izimfundiso noma izimiso eziyisisekelo zisakazwa ngochungechunge lwe-Tirthankaras noma amakhosi akhanyiselwe, kuze kufike uMahavira futhi athole inkolo ngokuqoqa eminye yale miqondo. Imiqondo emaphakathi yilena:
Ahimsa: Ukungabi nodlame kubaluleke kakhulu, kubalulekile kumaJain. Lo mqondo awusebenzi kubantu kuphela kodwa kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezisizungezile.
I-Aparigraha: Kubhekiselwa enqubweni yokungabi nampahla noma yokuhlukaniswa nezinto ezibonakalayo, umqondo wokuphila nobuncane uyakhuthazwa ukugwema ukuqoqwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Satya: Iqiniso ngesinye isimiso esiyisisekelo, lisho ukuthi umuntu kufanele abe neqiniso ngomcabango, ngezwi nangesenzo.
Karma: Umbono we-karma yinto amasiko amaningi anayo. AmaJain abheka i-karma njengento engokoqobo enamathela emphefumulweni ngokusekelwe ezenzweni ezenziwe, ezithinta umjikelezo wawo wokuzalwa kabusha.
Umjikelezo wokuzalwa kabusha nokukhululwa (moksha): I-Jainism iveza ukuthi imiphefumulo idlula emjikelezweni wokuzalwa nokufa unomgomo omkhulu wokuthola inkululeko kulo mjikelezo oshiwo. Ukuze kuzuzwe inkululeko, i-karma kufanele iqedwe ngokusebenzisa imikhuba engokomoya neyokuziphatha.
Ivela kanjani?
UbuJainism Kuvela cishe ngekhulu lesi-6 BC. C. eyasungulwa nguMahavira, nakuba kukhona abacabanga ukuthi izimfundiso ezifakwe ezimisweni zale nkolo zavela kudala. Kunoma yikuphi, ubuJainism busekelwe ezimfundisweni ezithile zikaMahavira, owaziwa nangokuthi uVardhamana, obhekwa njengomfundisi wokugcina ongokomoya noma okhanyisiwe.
UMahavira wazalelwa esifundeni saseVaishali, esifundazweni sanamuhla saseBihar, wayengumguquli Wakhuthaza futhi wahlela izimfundiso zemikhuba nezinkolelo zamaJain ezazivele zikhona. Nokho, njengoba sishilo esigabeni esandulele, le nkolo isivele ikhona ngaphambili, izimfundiso zayo zibonisa amasiko angokomoya amadala kakhulu.
I-Jainism iyakugcizelela lokho Kwakukhona isibalo esithile sabafundisi bakamoya futhi ngamunye wabo wanikela ngokuthile ezimisweni zobuJainism, ikakhulukazi ekusakazeni kwabo.
Ukusabalalisa kwayo
Ukusabalala kobuJainism ngokwesiko bekuhlobene nokuthuthuka kwabo ngaphakathi kwezwekazi laseNdiya, futhi ithonya labo liye laba nomkhawulo uma sicabangela ezinye izinkolo ezifana nobuHindu noma ubuBuddha. Okuphawulekayo, nokho, yi- ithonya elibe nalo esikweni lamaNdiya.
UMahavida waphila phakathi kuka-599 no-527 BC. C. wabheka umfundisi wamashumi amabili nane ongokomoya wobuJainism. Laba thisha babenomthwalo wemfanelo wokusakaza inkolo kulo lonke elaseNdiya, kodwa kwaba ngemva kukaMahavida lapho ukwanda okukhulu kwenzeka khona. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, ubuJain banda sasakazekela enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya ngokuyisisekelo. Lapho amaJain asungula imiphakathi, amathempeli nezigodlo zezindela. Le nkolo yagxila ezifundeni ezihlukahlukene njengeGujarat noma iRajasthan.
I-Las ukufuduka phakathi nenkathi yamakholoni Kwakusho ukuthi ubuJain beqa imingcele futhi bayiswa ezindaweni ezifana ne-United Kingdom noma i-Australia. Kancane kancane, imiphakathi yamaJain yazinza kwezinye izindawo njengaseCanada, e-United States naseNingizimu Afrika.
Nokho, kuze kube namuhla, isaqhubeka iyinkolo encane Umthelela wayo wamasiko nefilosofi mkhulu. Imikhuba nezimfundiso zabo ngokungabi nabudlova neqiniso ziqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ukunyakaza kwamalungelo ezilwane namafilosofi akhuthaza ukuthula nokusimama.
Ukubaluleka kweJainism ezweni lanamuhla
Uma kucatshangelwa ukubaluleka kokusabalala kobuJain mayelana nomthelela wamasiko nefilosofi, kusobala ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ezweni lanamuhla. Akuyona inkolo eyaziwa kakhulu ngamagama, kodwa izimfundiso zayo ziye zasakazeka kabanzi namuhla. Sikhuluma ngezimfundiso ezifana nalezi ezilandelayo:
Ukungabi nabudlova
Umqondo obalulekile ezimisweni zokuziphatha zanamuhla, uzama ukukhuthaza ukuthula nokuhlonipha zonke izidalwa eziphilayo.
Ukusimama nokuhlonipha imvelo
Ukuhlonipha zonke izinhlobo zempilo kuyakhuthazwa, ukusimama empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nokuqwashisa ngemvelo, njengoba kukhuthazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene isiko lamaHindu.
Izimiso zokuziphatha kwebhizinisi nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele
Ukwethembeka, izimiso zebhizinisi kanye nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele ezweni lapho inzuzo ibekwa phambili ngaphezu kwezimiso zokuziphatha nakho kuba yisisekelo.
Ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko nezingxoxo ezihlukene zezinkolo
Thuthukisa ingxoxo phakathi kwezinkolo nokuqonda, njengoba izimfundiso zobuJain zisekelwe ekubekezeleni nasekuhlonipheni.
Imikhuba yokuzindla kanye nokuphila kahle
Ukuzindla nokuzithiba ukuze uzuze inhlalakahle yengqondo nengokomzwelo. Le mikhuba inokufana ne umsuka we-yoga.
Amagugu okuphila okulula nokuhlukaniswa
Ukuzihlukanisa nendaba, ukukhuthaza okulula nokwazisa okubalulekile empilweni, ngokungangabazeki kuyinto eyisisekelo emphakathini wanamuhla lapho sigcwele khona ukuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo.
Ngakho-ke ubuJainism inikeza izifundo ezibalulekile mayelana nokuziphatha, ukusimama, ukuthula nenhlonipho ezingase zisetshenziswe ekuphileni kwabantu kwansuku zonke, ezweni lanamuhla. Ukuhambisana kwayo kungabonakala ezimweni ezehlukene, kokubili ngokomuntu siqu nangokwenhlalo. Umthelela wezifundo ukhula njengoba ukukhathazeka komhlaba wonke mayelana nemvelo noma izimiso zokuziphatha kukhula.
