Ubulili IGypsophila Emvelweni imelelwa yizinhlobo ezingaba ngu-335 ezivela eYurophu nase-Asia. Ukuba yizinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu IGypsophila paniculata, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Bridal Veil Plant. Kuyisitshalo esihle sokusetshenziswa kokuhlobisa esihlukaniswa nezimbali zaso ezimhlophe, ezihlelwe ngendlela yezimbali ezibukisayo kakhulu. Ngiyakumema ukuthi uhlangane naye.
Isitshalo Sendwangu Yomshado
Lesi sitshalo somsuka waseYurophu nase-Asia, sine-herbaceous futhi sihlala isikhathi eside esiye satshalwa ngenxa yobuhle bezimbali zaso ezimhlophe namahlamvu, kuma-florists nasezingadini. Kubalimi bezimbali ukuze bagcwalise ukuhlelwa kwezimbali nezimbali, ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi "ifu, iveli lomshado, i-gisófila".
Igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Gysophila paniculata futhi ingeyomndeni wezitshalo i-Caryophyllaceae, kuyo izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-335 eziye zahlukaniswa nohlobo lweGysophila, okuyizinhlobo ezaziwayo kakhulu. I-Gysophila paniculata. Igqama ngokubukeka kwe-rustic kwesiqu namaqabunga kanye ne-inflorescence yayo enhle enezimbali eziningi ezincane ezimhlophe ezinikeza ukubukeka okuthambile nokusha.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lolu hlobo G. paniculata Ezinye izinhlobo eziyishumi nambili ziye zachazwa, ezinezici zokuba isitshalo se-shrub esinosayizi ophakathi kwamamitha angu-0,50 no-1,20 ubude, kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. Afunwa kakhulu ukugcwalisa ama-bouquets omshado ngenxa yeziqu zawo ezinde futhi eziqinile ezincane ezivumela ukuthi zibanjwe kanye nama-inflorescence azo ohlobo lwe-panicle lapho kuzalwa khona izimbali zazo ezincane nezinhle ezimhlophe, ngisho nethoni encane ebomvana.
Incazelo ye-morphological
Kuyisitshalo esikhula njengesihlahla; nge-racemose inflorescence (enama-racemes amaningana) athola igama le-panicle, kulawa ma-racemes akhula izimbali ezincane ze-pentapetalous, phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-3 kuya kwangu-10 ububanzi; i-lanceolate ne-glaucous cishe ngamasentimitha angu-7 ubude; isiqu esiyinhloko esiqondile, esinamagatsha asemaceleni; Izimpande zawo eziyinhloko zijulile futhi izimpande zesibili ziyi-1 kuya ku-2 wamamitha ubude futhi zibe nobubanzi obungamamilimitha amathathu.
Izimbali zakho
Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zenze kwaba umnqobi kwelinye lamagama ajwayelekile iveyili yomshado, ngoba zikhula ku-inflorescence ye-racemose, ebukeka njengezimbali, lezi zincane ngosayizi nobubanzi bombala kusuka komhlophe kuye kopinki ophaphathekile kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo. . Izimbali ezilodwa noma ezimbili ziye zabonwa kuye ngokuthi izinhlobonhlobo ze G. paniculata.
Ukuqhakaza kwalesi sitshalo kwenzeka ngenkathi yasehlobo ezinyangeni zikaJuni kuya ku-Agasti. Ngesikhathi sokusatshalaliswa kwayo ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwezimbali, ukuchayeka kwayo ekukhanyeni kuyanda ngamasu e-photoperiod kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa, okufeza ukukhiqizwa kwezimbali unyaka wonke.
Ukusabalalisa ngokwemvelo
Emvelweni ikhula endle ezingxenyeni zaseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi, ijwayelana nenhlabathi eyisihlabathi esine-silty-sandy kanye ne-stony enokugcina umswakama omncane; ikhula kahle enhlabathini ene-pH ene-acidic kancane kanye ne-limestone, isici esihlukanisa izitshalo zalolu hlobo kanye nesizathu segama lohlobo. IGypsophila (okukhombisa ukujwayela kwayo kahle enhlabathini enamatshe enobukhona obuphezulu be-gypsum).
i-taxonomy yezitshalo
Lesi sitshalo siyingxenye yomndeni we-botanical Caryophyllaceae, siwuhlobo lweGenus IGypsophila, igama layo lesayensi IGypsophila paniculata, eyaqala ukuchazwa uCarlo Linnaeus ngo-1753, futhi yanyatheliswa ku-Species Plantarum 1:407. 1753.67.
Igama elifanayo lesitshalo
Abaningi be-taxonomists baye bachaza izibonelo zalesi sitshalo futhi basinika amanye amagama esayensi, okuthe ocwaningweni olulandelayo basiguqulela egameni laso lesayensi lamanje futhi ngenxa yalokhu sine-Synonymy elandelayo.
- i-arrostia paniculata
- I-Gypsophila effusa Tausch
- I-Gypsophila yaseHungary Borbas
- I-Gypsophila maningii
- IGypsophila paniculata i-adenopoda U-Borbas ex Hallier
- IGypsophila parviflora Moench
- I-Gypsophila tatarica
- I-Lychnis procera
- I-Saponaria paniculata (L.) H. Neumayer
Ukusetshenziswa kwesitshalo
Nakuba ukusatshalaliswa kwayo kwemvelo kusemazweni aseMpumalanga Yurophu nase-Asia Ephakathi, iye yethulwa kwamanye amazwe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa izingadi nabatshali bezimbali. EPeru ingenye yezitshalo ezikhiqizwa kakhulu futhi ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ezitshalwa izimbali zaso. Asetshenziselwa imihlobiso yomshado, asetshenziswe njengezinhlawulo zezimbali zomakoti nokunye okuhlotshiswe ngezimbali.
Ama-Condiciones ambientales
- Ziyizitshalo ezikhula kahle ezingeni lokushisa eliphakathi kuka-15 kuya ku-17 °C, ezijwayela kahle izindawo ezinokushisa okuphezulu phakathi kuka-20 kuya ku-25 °C emini kanye nezinga lokushisa eliphansi lika-10 kuya ku-15 °C ebusuku. Ingena ku-hibernation lapho amazinga okushisa ehla aze afike ku-0 kuya ku-2°C.
- Izitshalo zeveyili yomshado zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinomswakama ohlobene nendawo ophakathi kuka-60 kuya ku-80%
- Ngenxa yokuthi isitshalo esitholakala ezindaweni ezipholile lapho siqhakaza khona ngenkathi yasehlobo, ngokomzimba sidinga izinsuku ezinde ukuze siqhakaze. Ifuna phakathi kwamahora ayi-12 kuya kwayi-18 okukhanya kwelanga ukuze izimbali zakheke kahle. Uma amazinga okushisa ephakathi kuka-15°C emini kanye no-10°C ebusuku, ukukhiqizwa kwezimbali zawo kuyenyuka.
- Uma isakazwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, ukwelashwa kwe-photoperiod kufanele kwenziwe ukuze kuqhume izimbali, kubekwe ukukhanya okwenziwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuze kuholele futhi kuqale ukuqhakaza kwezitshalo, njengoba kuyinkathi ebaluleke kakhulu ngokwemibandela yokukhanya nezimo zokushisa. Abahlengikazi ngokuvamile babeka amahora amaningi okukhanya kusukela ngesonto lesithathu noma lesine ngemva kokuhlwanyela.
- Izimila IGypsophila paniculata Ithanda inhlabathi ene-acidic kancane ene-pH ephakathi kuka-6,5 kuya ku-7,5 enenani eliphezulu lokubola kwezinto eziphilayo. Inhlabathi evundile, ejulile futhi enezimbotshana, ekhanywe kahle. Ziyizitshalo ezizwela usawoti.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha kanye Nokusabalalisa
Lezi zitshalo zikhiqizwa ngendlela efanayo ngokusikwa okungamasentimitha angu-7,5 kuya kwayi-10, okuthathwe esitshalweni esingumama, esinamaqabunga angaba ngamapheya amathathu futhi athathwa lapho isitshalo sesimila. Lezi zicucu zitshalwe kuma-substrates esihlabathi ukuze zikhule, phakathi nalesi sikhathi ukuchelela nge-nebulized kusetshenziselwa ukugcina umswakama ohambisanayo.
Izitshalo zimila cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-23 kuye kwezingama-26, uma kwenzeka ufuna ukusheshisa ukumila kwezimpande, kuphakanyiswa ukusetshenziswa kwamahomoni ezimpande, njenge-indole-butyric acid eyaziwa ngesifushaniso sayo esithi IBA. Futhi lezi zitshalo zingakhiqizwa kabusha ngokuxhunyelelwa.
Kuphakanyiswa ukusabalalisa ngokuxhunyelelwa kwalezi zitshalo, kube nesitshalo sikamama esineminyaka emibili ubudala. IGypsophila paniculata. Izinhlobo ze- "Brstol Fairy noma i-Flamingo" zivame ukusakazwa ngokuxhunyelelwa, ukusika kwentsha yalezi zitshalo kuyakhethwa futhi kuxhunyelelwe esitshalweni sikamama, lezi zicucu ziphakanyiswa ukuthi zibe nobude obungamasentimitha angu-2,5, zingaba lezi zinhlobo noma ezinye ezinjengalezi. Ngokuxhunyelelwa kuphakanyiswa ukuthi kubekwe inhlabathi elungisiwe.
Uma usakazeka ngokuxhunyelelwa esimweni sezulu esishisayo, kuphakanyiswa ukuba wenze umkhuba wokuhlanganisa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yasentwasahlobo, isihlangu noma uhlobo lwamagxolo lungenziwa. Uma kwenzeka kungaphansi kwezimo ze-greenhouse kanye nezimpande ezitshalwe ku-greenhouse zisetshenziswa, ukuxhunyelelwa kungenziwa ngasekupheleni kwebusika. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphulukiswa, kuphakanyiswa ukubeka izitshalo ekamelweni elibandayo, ikakhulukazi lezo ezixhunyelelwe ehlobo. Ukusakazwa ngesiko le-in vitro nakho kwenziwa ezitshalweni zezinhlobo IGypsophila i-paniculata.
ukuphathwa kwezitshalo IGypsophila paniculata
Kuqala ngokulungiswa kwendawo yokuhlwanyela, ukuhlanza okusele kokuhlwanyela kwangaphambilini nokhula. Ivundiswa ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze inikeze umsoco emhlabathini ozosetshenziswa izitshalo uma seziqhumile, umanyolo uzoncika kulokho okukhonjiswe ekuhlaziyweni komhlabathi okwenziwe ngaphambilini.
Zakhelwe ezinhlelweni zamagquma noma amabhentshi okutshala ukusuka cishe ku-0,9 kuya kumitha eyodwa ububanzi, ngokuhlukaniswa phakathi kwawo ku-0,5 kuya ku-0,6 m nokuphakama okungamamitha ayi-0,25. Khona-ke izigxobo noma ukusikwa kwezitshalo kubekwa kangcono ku-trebolillo, nebanga phakathi kwezigxobo zamamitha angu-0,4 phakathi kwesinye.
Cishe emavikini ayi-7 noma ayi-8 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, izitshalo ziba amasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20 ubude, izitshalo ziyasikwa, lokhu kusikwa esiqongweni sesiqu esingamasentimitha angama-2-3 ubude, ukukhuthaza uhlangothi lokukhula. Ukunqunywa kwenziwa phakathi kwamaviki ama-2 kuya kwayi-3 okukhipha, lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususa amahlumela amancane eziqu zesibili neziphakeme, ukuqinisa iziqu ezinamandla kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amagatsha.
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izitshalo zineziqu eziqondile, abafundisi bayabekwa, ngenxa yalokhu babeka i-mesh ezungeze izitshalo ukuze baqondise ukukhula kwazo okuqondile. Ukwelashwa ngama-hormone nge-gibberalin kusetshenziswa kulesi sitshalo ukuze kwandiswe iziqu zaso.Lokhu kwelashwa kwenziwa lapho ama-rosette anamaqabunga angaba ngu-20 kanye nakumahlumela asikiwe angamasentimitha amathathu.
Ukuthenwa kwesitshalo kwenziwa ukuze kuvuse ukuqhakaza okusha, lokhu kwenziwa ngemva kokuvunwa kwezimbali. Ukuvundisa kwenziwa cishe kuwo wonke umjikelezo wokukhula, kusukela ngesonto lesibili lokutshala kuze kube yilapho izimbali zivuleka. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa nge-drip, njengoba siyisitshalo esizwelayo emhlabathini ogcwele amanzi.
Isifo kanye Nezifo eziwuthintayo
Lezi zitshalo zisengozini yokuhlaselwa izinambuzane lapho imikhuba yezolimo ingenziwanga kahle, njengokulungiswa kwenhlabathi ukuze kuqedwe izinambuzane zomhlabathi, ukhula olusele, umswakama ophezulu wenhlabathi, nokunye. Izinambuzane ezithinta lezi zitshalo zeveyili yomshado zibalwe ngezansi.
Izinambuzane
- umvukuzi wamaqabunga (Liriomyza trifolii)
- Impukane emhlophe (I-Trialeurodes vaporiorum)
- Izikelemu zomoya (I-Heliothis armiguera, i-Spodoptera) nabanye
- Isicabucabu esibomvu (UTetranychus urticae)
- Uhambo (Frankliniella occidentalis)
- Izintwala
Izifo
Lokhu kubangelwa isikhunta, amagciwane kanye namagciwane okwenzeka ngenxa yemikhuba engemihle yamasiko, izimo zemvelo ezimbi, izehlakalo zezinambuzane ezinjenge-aphid ezingabamba amagciwane, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomswakama, phakathi kokunye. Izifo ezingase zibe khona zibaliwe:
- I-Rhizoctonia solani
- I-Oidium (erysiphae)
- I-Phytophthora
- I-Pythium aphanadermatum y Pythium ulimum
- I-Fusarium
- erwinia herbicola
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngezitshalo, ngikumema ukuthi ufunde futhi.