Uma sikhuluma ngezindlovukazi ezidumile eSpain, u-Isabel the Catholic owaziwa kakhulu, kodwa indodakazi yakhe, uJuana the Crazy yaziwa kakhulu ngisho noma kungesiteketiso aziwa ngaso. Nokho, Kungani bembiza ngokuthi “uhlanya”? Ingabe wayenguye ngempela?
Sithola impilo kaJuana I waseCastile, odume ngelika "La Loca", indodakazi yaMaKhosi angamaKhatholika, indlovukazi Akazange ngempela asebenzise noma yimaphi amandla.
Joan I waseCastile
UJuana uhlanya Wazalelwa eToledo ngo-1479 ngokwenguqulo eyamukelwa kakhulu ngezazi-mlando futhi wayezobhapathizwa esontweni laseSan Salvador. Nakuba iqiniso liwukuthi asikho isitifiketi sokuzalwa futhi kukhona ezinye izinguqulo ezithi ukuzalwa kwakhe e-Cifuentes. Esikubonayo ngaye ifonti yobhapathizo egcinwe eMnyuziyamu waseSanta Cruz de Toledo. Inkantolo yamakhosi angamaKatolika yayihambahamba, ngakho kunzima ukuthola ukuthi iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth yayingabelethelaphi okwesithathu.
UJuana ngangingowesifazane isiphetho sakhe kwakuwukubusa kodwa owayengasoze akwenza lokho ngenxa yalokho abantu abathathu ayenabo endaweni yakhe futhi esingasho ukuthi bamhlanyise: uyise uFernando El Católico, umyeni wakhe uFelipe El Hermoso nendodana yakhe uCarlos V.
Udokotela ku-Modern History, u-María Lara, ocwaningweni lwakhe lwe-"Juana the rope" udalula imibhalo ehlukene lapho kwaqinisekiswa khona ukuthi indlovukazi yayingahlanya. Omunye wabo ukhuluma ngokuvakasha kombhishobhi waseCórdoba ngo-1501, lapho uJuana wayeseshade noFelipe El Hermoso, nalapho. Umbhishobhi umchaza ngokuthi: "owesifazane ophile saka." Noma ngabe yikuphi, ake sazi indaba yale ndlovukazi engabusanga kanye nalo wesifazane ohlanyayo ongahlanyi kangako.
UJuana uba kanjani uJuana “La Loca”
Joanna wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe evalelwe, indlovukazi esemthethweni yaseSpain yahlala ivalelwe esigodlweni eTordesillas cishe iminyaka engu-50 ngenxa yokuba nesifo sengqondo esingenakuphikwa. Noma yilokho okwashiwo ngaleso sikhathi nalokho okuye kwasakazwa kuwo wonke umlando. Kodwa wonke umuntu uyazi futhi izingxabano zamandla ezihlale zikhona eduze nezihlalo zobukhosi namandla ngokwawo. Mhlawumbe ngaphezu kokusangana wayeyisisulu sozungu lomndeni, yamadoda amathathu ancamela ukuba namandla angaphezu kwendlovukazi esemthethweni.
Isiqalo
UJuana, kusukela esemncane kakhulu, wayeyintombazane enhle futhi waba intokazi ekhangayo, kodwa hhayi kuphela ezikhangayo ngaphandle. UJuana wayenjalo uhlakaniphile, wayazi isiLatini, izinkondlo, umculo ... Ngaphezu kwalokho, umculo wawuzoba yimpilo yakhe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa. Konke kwakubonakala kubonisa ukuthi indlovukazi entsha yaseSpain izobaluleka njengonina u-Isabel.
Ngo 1497, Lapho eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, uJuana waya eNetherlands lapho ayezoshada khona. kanye ne-Archduke yase-Austria, uPhilip oteketiswa ngokuthi "The Fair", indoda eyayizodla ifa lezindlu zaseBurgundy naseHabsburg. Lokho, njengabaningi, kwakuwumshado wokunethezeka, isu lamaKhosi angamaKhatholika lokuzungeza isitha saseFrance.
Uchungechunge lokufa emndenini kaJuana, olufana nolukamfowabo uJuan noma lukadadewabo u-Isabel, indodana yakamuva, lwashintsha umbono kaJuana ngoba wayengeke abe yinkosazana yaseFlanders kuphela. Ngo-1500 uJuana uyena kuphela indlalifa emiqhele yaseCastile nase-Aragon futhi kwadingeka abuye. ukuya eSpain ngokushesha. Akekho owayebonakala engabaza ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi yayihlanya, okuphambene kakhulu "kucatshangwa ukuthi ihlakaniphile futhi ihlezi kakhulu" basho. "Angicabangi ukuthi ukuhlakanipha okungaka akukaze kubonakale kumuntu osemncane kangaka." babuye bathi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi wayenesimilo esiqinile njengonina futhi wayenezikhathi zokudangala.
UJuana indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi
Ngokubuya kukaJuana futhi waqashelwa njengendlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi, umyeni wakhe uFelipe wayebonakala edelelekile ekubeni inkosikazi, into engazange ibonakale ingathandeki futhi uzohamba eSpain izinyanga ezingu-6 ngemuva kokufika, eshiya umkakhe ekhulelwe okwesine. Noma kunjalo, Inhloso ka-Isabel kwakuwukuba uJuana abuse eCastile ngokusekelwa noma ngaphandle kokusekelwa ngumyeni wakhe uPhilip.
Nokho, kwakubonakala sengathi uJuana Wayekufuna nje ukubuyela kumyeni wakhe. ayethi uyamthanda kakhulu futhi lokho kwamenza waxabana izikhathi eziningi nonina, u-Isabel, owayefuna uJuana abe indlalifa yaseSpain. Kuthiwa lezo zingxoxo zizoba nomthelela empilweni yabo bobabili kanti uJuana uzogcina evalelwe enqabeni yaseLa Mota.
Ngaleso sikhathi sokuvalelwa kokuqala, Bathola uJuana engaphandle kwenqaba, engagqokanga zicathulo futhi engenalo ijazi ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu obake baba khona ngalowo nyaka. Lena yindlela uJuana athola ngayo umama wakhe ukuthi amjoyine ukuzama ukumkholisa ukuthi amvumele abuyele kumyeni wakhe. Inkinga yalesi sigameko yabangela u-Elizabeth ngokwakhe ukuba aqale ukungabaza ukuthi indodakazi yakhe yayikufanele yini ukubusa.
Kuvela izinkinga
Ngo-1502 abakwaCortes baseToledo bahlangana futhi ngokokuqala ngqa Kwaqala ukubuzwa ukuthi ngabe uJuana wayesifanele yini isihlalo sobukhosi. Kamuva ngo-1504, lapho iNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth ibhala incwadi yakhe yefa, kwakungatshazwa ngokucacile ukuthi uJoan wayenempilo enhle engokwengqondo. Manje, encwadini yefa eshiwo, u-Isabel wamenza indlalifa yemibuso yakhe “ekuyo, engathandi noma engakwazi ukuqonda ukubusa kwayo” eyayithi kuzoba nguyise, uFernando “El Católico” ozohlala ephethe. Lokho kubonakala sengathi indlovukazi ngokwayo yayingabaza impilo yengqondo yendodakazi yayo, Nokho, ngokuqinisekile kwakuyindlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi akekho owayengathatha isihlalo sobukhosi endodakazini yakhe ngisho noma ekugcineni ekwazile ukuhamba nomyeni wakhe.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uJuana wayesekuqaphela ngokugcwele ukuthi umyeni wakhe wayengathembekile kuye, naphezu kwalokhu kuqothuka kokuqala phakathi kwalo mbhangqwana. UFelipe wayeyisilwane sasephathini futhi ethanda abantu besifazane futhi eshiya izingane eziningi ezingekho emthethweni. Ngakho kuyaqondakala ukuthi uJuana angathukuthela. Kodwa-ke, lapho kwatholakala ukuthi ekugcineni uzoba yindlovukazi ngo-1506 yilapho umshado waba mubi kakhulu. Kukhona osomlando abakugcina lokho Ngaleso sikhathi uJuana akazange azizwe emthanda uFelipe nokuthi "ubuhlanya" bothando ngeke buqhubeke.
Umsangano wothando?
Sekushiwo izikhathi eziningi ukuthi uJuana wayethandana noFelipe futhi wayengakwazi ukubekezelela ukuthi wayengathembekile kuye. Kodwa sesibonile ukuthi ngokwezinye izazi-mlando, uJuana wayengasathandani, nakuba kumelwe ukuba wayemthukuthelele kakhulu umyeni wakhe. UFiliphu yena wayezama ukuba yinkosi futhi ungahlanganisi into engizama ukuyifinyelela ngazo zonke izindlela. Elinye iqhinga lokufeza umgomo wakhe kwakuwukubonisa ukuthi umkakhe akawufanelekeli umsebenzi okwakumelwe awenze. Nakuba kungeyena kuphela owayehileleke kulelo tulo "lokuhlanyisa" indlovukazi, UPedro Mártir de Anglería, owayenguthisha kaJuana, naye wasiza ekusakazeni inhlebo.
Ezinye izigameko ezinjengalezo ngonyaka ngemva kokushona kweNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth, UFelipe noFernando basayine isivumelwano seVillafáfila okuthi uma uJuana engafuni noma engakwazi ukubusa, kube nguFelipe ozothatha uhulumeni. waze wafa umkakhe. UFernando yena wathembisa ukuthi uzoya e-Aragon. Lokho kwaba igalelo elinzima kuJuana, kodwa esikhundleni sokubhikisha, wahamba wayobona izingadi ze-Count of Benavente futhi lapho ethola ithuba, wagijima wayokhosela ekhishini lowesifazane, futhi esuka lapho wenqaba ukuhamba naphezu kwalokho. ukuncenga nebutho lomyeni wakhe. Obekufuna uJuana kwakuwukuyeka ukuba unodoli wawo wonke umuntu oseduze kwakhe.
Isiphetho sikaJuana
Into ezinye izazi-mlando ezithembele kuyo ukusho ukuthi uJuana ubengahlanya njengoba ebebonakala kunjalo Lapho umyeni wakhe eshona, wayala ukuba kumbiwe isidumbu sakhe futhi kubukiswe isidumbu sakhe kuyo yonke indawo yaseSpain. Lokhu kwakungengenxa yokusangana kodwa kwakuwukuvimbela ukuba baphinde bashade naye. Ngokwesiko lamaCastilian, ukuba umfelokazi kwavimbela umshado omusha njengoba ayengumfelokazi owayefunwa kakhulu. Nokho uveze ukuthi kuzomele kudlule unyaka nosuku ngaphambi kokuthi baphinde bashade. Ngalelo qhinga, uJuana wamvimbela ukuba ashade noHenry VII waseNgilandi.
Ukushona kukaPhilip ngo-1506 kwaba elinye igalelo elinzima kuJuana, owayekhulelwe ingane yakhe yesithupha. UJuana wenqabile ukubheka izindaba eziphuthumayo zombuso kanye Ekugcineni kwaba ubaba wakhe owayezothatha izintambo zombuso waseCastile.
Indodana yakhe, uCarlos, yayingeke ithathe isikhathi eside ukuthi ikhuphukele esihlalweni futhi ivimbele uJuana ekubuseni. Akazange amelane nendodana yakhe, ngisho nangenxa yokuthi wayeseboshiwe cishe ukuphila kwakhe konke, futhi kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1555. nabanye kubo.
Ingabe u-Joan I waseCastile wayehlanya?
Izazi-mlando eziningi zisalokhu zithi “ukuhlanya” okwahlasela indlovukazi kwayilimaza kwakumane kuyitulo lezombangazwe. Uma indlovukazi ingabusa, kungaba yinkinga, isithiyo kuyise noma umyeni wakhe ongakwazi ukuba namandla. Ukuziphatha okuxekethile abonakale ekuveza bekuzoba wumzamo wokuzivikela ezweni eligcwele amadoda. Konke lokhu kuzobaholela ekutheni bathathe isinqumo sokuthi okungcono wukuthi uJuana avalelwe lapho angeke amlimaze khona abanye bebusa yena.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, Kukhona abathi empeleni kwakunohlanya kuyena, ubuhlanya abuzuza kugogo wakhe u-Isabel wasePortugal. Kodwa lowo msangano wenziwa ihaba kakhulu ukuyisusa kwezombusazwe. Wayefika lapho kucatshangwa ukuthi ungenwe usathane futhi engazinzile ukuthi angathenjwa uhulumeni.
Uyahlanya noma cha, uhlanya kangakanani ezincwadini zomlando futhi umlando kuphela oyokwazi ukuphika ukuthi ngempela wayehlanya njengoba bemdweba. Singahlaziya nje impilo enzima abenayo, sibone iziqephu ezithile zomsangano nentukuthelo nezinye iziqephu zobuhlakani obukhulu.
