Ekuphakameni kwekhulu le-XNUMX lobukhosi baseFrance. UMarie Antoinette wase-Austria, i-Archduchess yase-Austria kanye neNdlovukazi u-Consort yaseFrance, wayeyisithombe sobukhosi baseYurophu.. Impilo yakhe, ephawulwe ngokunethezeka nokunethezeka, yalukwa yaba umlando onesiphithiphithi owawuzofinyelela umvuthwandaba ngeNguquko YaseFrance kanye nesiphetho esibuhlungu somndeni wakhe.
Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola impilo ka-Marie Antoinette futhi sikhanyisele izingane zakhe, owabelana ngesiphetho sakhe eminyakeni eneziyaluyalu yenguquko. Funda konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho UMarie Antoinette wase-Austria kanye nezingane zakhe: isiphetho sendlovukazi ku-Revolution yesiFulentshi.
UMarie Antoinette wase-Austria: indlovukazi yangaphandle enkantolo yaseFrance
Wazalwa zi-2 kuLwezi 1755 eVienna, uMarie Antoinette Josepha Johanna waseHabsburg-Lorraine, owaziwa nje ngokuthi uMarie Antoinette, wayeyindodakazi kaMbusi uFrancis I kanye noMpress Maria Theresa wase-Austria. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14, washada noDauphin Louis Auguste, kamuva owaba uLouis XVI waseFrance. Lo mshado wavala umfelandawonye phakathi kwe-Austria neFrance, imibuso emibili emikhulu yaseYurophu yangaleso sikhathi.
UMarie Antoinette wazithola ekwelinye izwe ezweni lakubo eVienna lapho efika enkantolo yaseFrance eyinkimbinkimbi ngo-1770. Ubusha bakhe kanye nokungajwayelani nepolitiki yasezinkantolo kanye nozungu kwamshiya engcupheni yokungezwani nemibango eyayizokwenzeka eminyakeni ezayo. Indlovukazi encane Ngokushesha wathola ukungathenjwa kwabantu baseFrance ngenxa yothando lwakhe lwemfashini, izinto ezingenangqondo, nokungabi nandaba kwakhe nezinkinga zezomnotho zezwe. Inkulumo yakhe edumile, "Uma bengenaso isinkwa, mabadle amakhekhe", okwakuthiwa uyena, kwaba uphawu lokungabi naluzwelo ngosizi lwabantu.
Izingane zika-Marie Antoinette: izindlalifa zombuso owehlayo
UMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI babenezingane ezine ngesikhathi somshado wabo:
- U-MarÃa Teresa Carlota (1778-1851): indodakazi yokuqala kaMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI, abazalelwa eVersailles, yaqanjwa ngogogo ozala umama, uMaria Theresa wase-Austria. Naphezu kwezinguquko ezinkulu umndeni wakhe owawuzobhekana nazo, uMaria Theresa Carlota wasinda kuNguquko YaseFrance futhi waphila waze waba mdala. Washada nomzala wakhe, uLouis Antonio, uDuke wase-Angoulême, futhi wayaziwa ngokuthi amaDuchess ase-Angoulême.
- U-Luis José (1781-1789): UMarie Antoinette kanye nendodana yokuqala kaLouis XVI, uLouis Joseph, babenesihloko esithi Dauphin waseFrance. Ngokudabukisayo, washona esemncane eneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ngenxa yesifo sofuba somgogodla. Ukushona kwakhe kwaba igalelo elibuhlungu kubazali bakhe kanye nekusasa lobukhosi baseFrance.
- U-Luis Carlos (1785-1795): Wazalwa ngo-1785, uLouis Charles wayeyindodana yesibili kaMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI. Eyaziwa ngokuthi uLouis XVII ngemva kokushona komfowabo omdala, wabhekana nezimo ezinzima ngesikhathi seNguquko YaseFrance. Ngemva kokubulawa kwabazali bakhe ngo-1793, uLuis Carlos waboshwa futhi waphila ngaphansi kwezimo ezinonya. Ushonele ejele eneminyaka eyishumi, okuphawula ukuphela kwegatsha eliqondile lamaBourbons eFrance.
- USofia Beatriz (1786-1787): Indodakazi encane kaMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI, uSofia Beatriz, yazalwa ngo-1786 futhi yashona isewusana, ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele unyaka owodwa ubudala.
Umongo womlando: INguquko YaseFrance kanye nokuphela Kwenkathi
Impilo kaMarie Antoinette nomndeni wakhe yembuleka esimweni somlando esigcwele ukungezwani kwezepolitiki, kwezenhlalo, nezomnotho. Njengoba ikhulu le-18 liqhubeka, iFrance yazithola ingene shi enkingeni yezezimali ngenxa yokungaphathwa kahle kwezinsiza zayo kanye nokusekelwa ngokwezimali kwezimpi zaseNyakatho Melika, njengeMpi Yenguquko YaseMelika. Ubukhosi obuphelele bubhekane nokunganeliseki okwandayo phakathi kwabantu, ababehlushwa ukungalingani okwandayo kwezomnotho nezenhlalo.
Ukuphila okuwubukhazikhazi enkantolo, okuphawulwa ngezigodlo zikanokusho, imibuthano ewubukhazikhazi kanye nezindleko ezimba eqolo, kwakhulisa umbono wokuthi ubukhosi bunqanyuliwe ekuhluphekeni kwabantu. Izinkinga zezomnotho nokungalingani kwezenhlalo kwakha isizinda sokunganeliseki okudumile.
INguquko YaseFrance yagqashuka ngo-1789, lapho izakhamuzi zihlasela iBastille futhi zivukela umbuso ophelele wobukhosi. Njengoba i-Revolution iqhubeka, uMarie Antoinette noLouis XVI baboshwa futhi babekwa icala lokuvukela umbuso. Umndeni wasebukhosini waboshwa wadluliselwa ezindaweni ezihlukene zokuboshwa.
Ngo-1793, uMarie Antoinette waquliswa icala futhi wagwetshwa ukufa nge-guillotine. Ukubulawa kukaLouis XVI kwalandela ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho. I-Revolution yaba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ezinganeni zabo. ULouis Charles, owaba nguDauphin ngemva kokushona komfowabo omdala, wabhekana nezimo ezinzima kakhulu futhi washonela ejele esemncane.
Ifa likaMarie Antoinette nezingane zakhe
UMarie Antoinette nomndeni wakhe bamele isahluko esibuhlungu emlandweni wobukhosi baseFrance kanye ne-French Revolution. Impilo yakhe yobukhazikhazi nobukhazikhazi yagubuzelwa ukuwa kobukhosi nokubulawa kwakhe. Ukudabuka nokuhlupheka kwezingane zabo, ezashonelwa abazali bazo futhi zaswela ejele, zibonisa unya lwalezo zikhathi zosizi.
Isiphetho sezingane zika-Marie Antoinette yisifundo esinamandla mayelana nemiphumela yengcindezelo, ukungalingani kanye nokungaxhumani phakathi kobukhosi nabantu.. Ukuphila kwabo okufushane, okudabukisayo kuyisikhumbuzo sokuthi umongo womlando unganquma kanjani isiphetho sabantu, ngisho nalabo abazalwa esicongweni samandla.
Namuhla, isibalo sikaMarie Antoinette sisaqhubeka siyinto yokuthakazelisa kanye nempikiswano. Abanye bambona njengesisulu sezimo, kuyilapho abanye bemgxeka ngokunganaki kwakhe usizi lwabantu baseFrance.. Ekugcineni, ukuphila kwakhe nokwabantwana bakhe kuseyisikhumbuzo sezinguquko ezijulile zezombangazwe nezenhlalo ezazamazamisa iFrance nezwe ekhulwini le-XNUMX, nendlela indlovukazi yakwelinye izwe ezithole ibambeke ngayo embhidlangweni wokuVuka KwaseFrance. Indaba efinyelela umvuthwandaba ngeshwa likaMarie Antoinette wase-Austria kanye nezingane zakhe: isiphetho sendlovukazi kuNguquko YaseFrance.
