La ubudlova bezenhlalo ebusheni Sekungenye yezinkinga ezikhathaza kakhulu imindeni, izikole, kanye nochwepheshe bezempilo. Asikhulumi nje ngokulwa okuhlukile, kodwa nohlobo lokuziphatha olungasukela ekwesabiseni nasekuhlukunyezweni kuya ekuhlaselweni okukhulu, ukuxhashazwa ngokocansi, noma ngisho nokubulala. Njalo lapho kuvela icala elihilela intsha ezindabeni, izinsimbi zokuxwayisa ziyakhala futhi impikiswano ngalokho okwehlulekayo emazingeni omndeni, esikoleni, kanye nomphakathi iyavulwa kabusha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubudlova abugcini nje ngokuthinta umhlaseli. Intsha ingaba abahlaseli, izisulu, noma ababukele. Bachayeka ngqo ezimweni zobudlova, kungaba semgwaqweni, esikoleni, ekhaya, nomlingani wabo, noma ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Ngisho noma kungekho ukulimala ngokomzimba, umthelela wengqondo nowenhlalo ungahlala nabo iminyaka eminingi, uthinte impilo yabo yengqondo, ukusebenza kwabo kwezemfundo, kanye nendlela abaxhumana ngayo nabanye.
Yini esiyiqondayo ngobudlova bomphakathi ebuntwaneni?
Uma sikhuluma ngodlame lomphakathi entsheni, sibhekisela ku- ukusebenzisa amandla noma amandla ngamabomuUkuhlukumeza, kungaba ngokomzimba, ngamazwi, ngokwengqondo, noma ngokocansi, kusetshenziselwa ukwesabisa, ukulimaza, noma ukulawula omunye umuntu. Ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 nengama-29, ngokugxila okukhethekile ebangeni leminyaka eyi-14-18, futhi kungenzeka phakathi kontanga noma kubantu abanegunya.
Lolu dlame luhlanganisa izimo ezahlukene kakhulu: ukulwa ngokomzimba, ukuxhashazwa esikoleni, ukuxhashazwa ku-inthanethi, ubudlova bokuthandana, ukuhlaselwa ngokocansi, ubudlova basemgwaqweni obuhlobene namaqembu ezigelekeqe, ukusetshenziswa kwezikhaliukuphanga ngokwesabisa noma ukuhlaselwa kweqembu okuhleliwe. Ezimweni eziningi, intsha ngokwayo iqopha ukuhlaselwa ngamaselula ayo bese yabelana ngakho, okwandisa umonakalo futhi kwenze lokhu kuziphatha kube ngokwejwayelekile.
Udlame lwentsha lungabangelwa umuntu omusha ongashadile noma amaqembu azihlela ngenhloso ngokusobala ukuthi uhlanganyele ezenzweni zobudlova noma zobugebenguNgokwezibalo, izibalo zibonisa ukuthi iningi lezisulu kanye nabahlaseli ababulalayo ngabesilisa, nokuthi ingxenye enkulu yalezi zenzakalo igxile emiphakathini ethuthukile nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni.
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobudlova kanye ukuhlubuka kwentshaKujwayelekile ukuthi izingane ezikulesi sigaba zibhekane nokungqubuzana nemithetho, izimpikiswano, kanye nesifiso sokuzimela; lokhu kukodwa akusho ukuthi kunenkinga enkulu. Izinsimbi zokuxwayisa kufanele zikhala lapho ulaka luhlosiwe, luphindaphindwa, futhi lunengxenye ecacile yokulawula noma ukulimaza abanye.
Idatha kanye nobukhulu benkinga
Izibalo zomhlaba wonke zikwenza kucace ukuthi Udlame lwentsha luyinkinga ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yomphakathiEmhlabeni jikelele, cishe ukubulawa kwabantu okungu-193.000 kwenzeka minyaka yonke phakathi kwentsha eneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-29, okubonisa cishe u-40% wazo zonke ukubulawa kwabantu okubhalwe emhlabeni jikelele. Ukubulala kuphakathi kwezimbangela eziphambili zokufa kuleli qembu leminyaka.
Esifundeni saseMelika, lesi simo siyakhathaza kakhulu: cishe ukubulawa kwabantu okungu-100,000 kwenziwa minyaka yonke. Ukubulawa kwabantu abasha okungu-80.000 Labo abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-29 bakha cishe u-45% wazo zonke izigameko zokubulawa kwentsha emhlabeni wonke. Cishe u-90% walaba bantu ababulawayo ngabesilisa, kanti abesilisa abenza lokhu nabo bavame ukuba yiningi.
Kuwo wonke umuntu osemusha ofayo ngobudlova, Abanye abaningi balimala kakhulu ezidinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela. Ukuhlaselwa ngezibhamu kuholela emaphesentini aphezulu kakhulu okufa kunokuhlaselwa ngezibhakela, ukukhahlela, imimese, noma ezinye izinto, okwenza ukufinyelela izikhali kube yinto ebalulekile eyingozi.
Ngaphandle kokubulala, ubudlova bocansi, ukulwa, kanye nokuhlukumeza kuvamile kakhulu. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi cishe Intombazane eyodwa kwezi-5 kanye nomfana oyedwa kwezi-7 Izingane ezincane ziye zahlukunyezwa ngokocansi ngesinye isikhathi. Kwezinye izifundo ezenziwe emazweni asathuthuka, cishe abafana abangu-40% kanye namantombazane angaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu babika ukuthi bake bahlukunyezwa.
Konke lokhu kubangela umthwalo omkhulu wokuhlupheka kanye nezindleko eziphezulu kakhulu kwezomnotho: Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kwezempilo, ukuvikelwa komphakathi, kanye nobulungiswa kuyakhuphukaUkukhiqiza kwehla futhi ukuhlala ndawonye kuyawohloka ezindaweni zasemakhaya nasemiphakathini, okungaphephile kangako futhi okungakhangi kangako ukuhlala kuzo.
Iphrofayili kanye nezici ezivamile zomuntu osemusha onobudlova
Akukho phrofayili eyodwa eqinile, kodwa kunezimpawu zobuntu kanye nezindlela zokuziphatha ezithi Zivela kaningi kakhulu entsheni eyenza ubudlovaLezi zimfanelo aziyona into engenakugwenywa, kodwa ziyizimpawu eziyisixwayiso okufanele zithathwe ngokungathi sína.
Phakathi kwezici ezivame kakhulu kukhona ukuthambekela okuphezulu kobudlova, ukungafuni okukhulu, ukusebenza ngokweqile kanye nobunzima obukhulu bokulawula izifiso zabo zentukuthelo. Bavame ukubonisa ikhono elincane lokuzindla ngaphambi kokwenza kanye nokubekezelela ukukhungatheka okuncane, okuholela ekuphenduleni ngokweqile ezinkingeni ezincane kakhulu.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukungaxhumani kahle nabantu kusukela ebuntwaneniAbanabangane abambalwa, banenkinga yokugcina ubudlelwano obuzinzile, futhi abanawo amakhono okuxhumana nabantu okuxazulula izingxabano ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla. Bangase bafune ukwaneliseka ngokushesha, bangabi nekhono lokulinda, futhi babonise ukubanda ngokomzwelo noma ukungabi nazwelo ngokuhlupheka kwabanye.
Esinye isici esijwayelekile yi- isimo sengqondo sokuzivikela nesokuphikisa Bayazwela ezindaweni ezibazungezile. Bavame ukubona izinsongo lapho zingekho khona, bahumushe kabi izenzo noma imibono engathathi hlangothi njengokuhlasela komuntu siqu, futhi bathethelele ukuziphatha kwabo kobudlova, banciphise umonakalo abawubangelayo. Umuzwa wabo wecala uvame ukuba phansi noma awukho nhlobo, futhi babonisa ukunganaki amalungelo abanye.
Emkhakheni wokulawula, laba bantu abasha bavame ukubonisa ukwenqatshwa kwemingcele yomndeni, yesikole kanye neyezenhlaloBayahluleka ukwamukela imithetho, ukulandela izivumelwano, noma ukuvumelana. Banobunzima obukhulu bokuxoxisana futhi, lapho bebhekene nengxabano, bakhetha ukwesabisa, ukumemeza, noma ukuhlasela ngokomzimba njengendlela esheshayo yokuphoqelela intando yabo.
Izinhlobo nezimo zobudlova ebuntwaneni
Ubudlova bezenhlalo entsheni abubonakali ngendlela eyodwa kuphela. Isebenzisa ubuso obuningi kuye ngomongo lapho kwenzeka khona kanye nobudlelwano obukhona. Ukuthola lezi zimo kubalulekile ekungeneleleni kusenesikhathi.
Udlame lwasekhaya
Emindenini eminingi enezingane ezisencane, kuvamile ukuthi zivele izingxabano ngemithetho, ukuzimela, amashejuli noma izifundoLokho kulindelekile. Inkinga iphakama lapho lezi zingxabano zikhula zibe ukuthuka okukhulu, izinsongo, noma ubudlova obungokomzimba phakathi kwabazali nezingane noma phakathi kwabafowabo nodadewabo.
Abanye abafana namantombazane babonisa ubudlova cishe ekhaya kuphela, lapho bethethisa khona abazali babo noma izingane zakubo ngenxa yomona, ukukhungatheka, noma ngoba bezizwa bebuzwa. Kulezi zimo, kungathatha isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba inkinga ivele, ngoba Umndeni uvame ukukufihla noma ukukunciphisa. ngenxa yamahloni noma ukwesaba ukwahlulelwa.
Udlame emibhangqwaneni esencane
Ubudlova ebudlelwaneni bokuthandana kwentsha buyinto engakaze yehle, kuye kwanda ezindaweni eziningiInto ekhathaza kakhulu ukuthi ukuziphatha okuningi kuya ngokuya kuvamile futhi akubonwa njengokuhlukumeza: ukulawula ifoni yeselula yomlingani, ukufuna amaphasiwedi ngokungemthetho, ukuqapha amanethiwekhi abo okuxhumana nabantu, ukunquma ukuthi bangahlangana nobani noma ukuthi kufanele bagqoke kanjani.
Futhi ezivamile ukuthukwa, ukuhlazeka, ukusongela ngokomzwelo, izinsongo noma ingcindezi yokuba nezocansi ngaphandle kwemvume ecacile. Lokhu kuziphatha kungenzeka kokubili kubafana namantombazane, futhi kuvame ukuthethelelwa egameni lomona noma uthando, kanti empeleni kuyizimpawu ezicacile zokulawula nokuhlukumeza.
Udlame lwesikole kanye nokuxhashazwa
Izinhlobo eziningi zobudlova bentsha zigxile ezikoleni. ukuxhashazwa esikoleni Lokhu kufaka phakathi ulaka olungokomzimba, ukuthuka, ukugcona njalo, ukubandlulula umphakathi ngamabomu, ukusakaza amahemuhemu, kanye nokuhlekwa usulu emphakathini. Akuyona nje umhlaseli kanye nesisulu esihilelekile: ofunda nabo ababuka futhi bahlale bethule, behleka, noma beqopha ngamafoni abo banegalelo ekuqhubekiseni phambili inkinga.
Ukuxhashazwa kuvame ukuqhubeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi uma isikole singaphenduli ngokuqinile, imiphumela yesisulu ingaba yingozi kakhulu: ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, ukusebenza kabi kwezemfundo, ukuyeka isikole ngisho nemicabango yokuzibulala. Amacala odlame lwabafundi kothisha nawo alotshiwe, okuhlanganisa ukungahloniphi okukhulu, izinsongo kanye nokuhlaselwa ngokomzimba.
Ukuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi kanye nobudlova ezinkundleni zokuxhumana
Njengoba kwanda omakhalekhukhwini kanye namanethiwekhi, ubudlova abupheli lapho abafundi bephuma esikoleni. ubuxhwanguxhwangu be-inthanethi Ivumela ukuhlukunyezwa ukuthi kuqhubeke amahora angama-24 ngosuku: imiyalezo esongelayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe noma amavidiyo ahlazisayo, ukuthukwa esidlangalaleni, ukudalwa kwamaphrofayili mbumbulu ukuze kuhlekiswe othile, noma ukusatshalaliswa kwezithombe eziseduze ngaphandle kwemvume.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwavela amacala abucayi kakhulu e- ukusatshalaliswa kwamavidiyo ocansi amantombazane asakhula ngaphandle kwemvume yabo. Lolu hlobo lobudlova luphula ubumfihlo kanye nesithunzi sezisulu futhi lungaba nemiphumela ejulile kakhulu yengqondo, kanye nemiphumela yezomthetho kulabo ababelana ngezinto.
Udlame lwasemgwaqweni kanye namaqembu ezigelekeqe
Esinye isimo esikhathazayo umgwaqo. Amanye amaqembu entsha azihlela ngokwawo amaqembu noma amaqembu ngenhloso yokwenza ukuphanga, ukuhlasela, noma izenzo zokucekela phansi. Ukuhlaselwa kwabantu abasengozini kanye nonya olubhekiswe ezilwaneni nakho kuye kwabhalwa phansi, kanye nokushaywa okuqoshwe futhi kwabelwana ngakho njengokungathi kuwukuzijabulisa.
Lolu hlobo lokuziphatha ezilwaneni, njengokuzishaya, ukuzihlukumeza, noma ukuzibulala, akufanele luthathwe njengento nje “yokuhlekisa kwasebusheni.” isibonakaliso sesexwayiso esingathi sína kakhulu okudinga ukuhlolwa okujulile kwengqondo, njengoba kuhlotshaniswa namaphethini abanzi obudlova kanye nokwanda okungenzeka kube ezinye izinhlobo zobudlova phakathi kwabantu.
Izinhlobo zobudlova: ngokomzimba, ngamazwi, ngokwengqondo, nangokobulili
Udlame lwentsha lungaba ngezindlela eziningi. Okubonakala kakhulu futhi okuphawulekayo ngokuvamile... ubudlova obungokomzimbaUkushaywa, ukukhahlelwa, ukusunduzwa, ukushaya ngezinto, ukuhlaselwa ngemimese noma ezinye izikhali. Lolu hlobo lobudlova lungabangela ukulimala okukhulu, ukukhubazeka unomphela, ngisho nokufa, kanye nezijeziso zobugebengu.
La ubudlova ngamazwi Sekuyinto evamile ezimweni eziningi zentsha: ukuthukwa, ukumemeza, ukugconwa, izinsongo, noma ukuphawula okwehlisa isithunzi. Nakuba kungashiyi imihuzuko, kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ngokwengqondo, ikakhulukazi uma kuphindaphindwa futhi kuhlanganiswa nezinye izinhlobo zokuhlukumeza.
El ukuhlukunyezwa ngokwengqondo Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlazisa, ukululaza, ukunganaki ngamabomu, ukuhlukanisa othile eqenjini, ukusongela, ukuphatha kabi, noma ukufaka ukwesaba okuqhubekayo. Imiphumela yako ingabonakala njengokuzethemba okuphansi, ukuthembela ngokomzwelo, ukwesaba okungapheli, ukulahlekelwa ukuzimela, kanye nobunzima bokwakha ubudlelwano obuhle esikhathini esizayo.
La udlame lwezocansi Kuhlanganisa konke kusukela ekuphawuleni okungafuneki kanye nokuthintana kuya ekuhlaselweni ngokocansi kanye nokudlwengulwa. Kuhlanganisa nokucindezela umlingani ukuba enze ucansi, ukwabelana ngokuqukethwe okuyimfihlo, noma ukusebenzisa ucansi njengethuluzi lokulawula. Intsha eyizisulu zalezi zenzo isengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga zokukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka, kanye nesifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekelele.
Izimbangela kanye nezici eziyingozi zobudlova bomphakathi kubantu abasha
Udlame lwentsha luyinto eyinkimbinkimbi lapho Akukho sizathu esisodwaKunalokho, kuyinhlanganisela yezici ezahlukene zomuntu ngamunye, umndeni, isikole, umphakathi kanye nezenhlalo. Ukuba khona komuntu oyedwa akwanele ukudala umuntu osemusha onobudlova, kodwa lapho eziningana ziqoqana, ingozi iyanda.
izici ngazinye
Phakathi kwezici zomuntu siqu, ezinye zivelele. ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwemizwanjenge-attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), i-conduct disorder, noma izinkinga ezinkulu zokulawula imizwa. Ukuzethemba okuphansi kakhulu, imizwa yokuzenyeza, amahloni, noma ubunzima obukhulu bokuzibandakanya emaqenjini ontanga nakho kudlala indima.
El ukuxhumana kwasekuqaleni notshwala, ugwayi, nezinye izidakamizwa Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu amathuba okubandakanyeka ezimpini, ezenzweni zobugebengu, kanye nokuziphatha okuyingozi. Okungeziwe kulokhu ukusebenza kabi kwezemfundo, ukwehluleka kwezemfundo, ukuntuleka kokuxhumana nesikole, kanye nokuhlanganyela emacaleni amancane, okungathi uma kungaxazululwa, kukhule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukungasebenzi kwentsha, umuzwa wokungabi nakusasa, kanye ukuchayeka ngqo ebudloveni emndenini Lezi futhi yizici ezibangela ukuthuthukiswa kokuziphatha okunolaka. Abafana abaningi abashaya abanye bake babona izingxabano zixazululwa ngokushaya noma ukumemeza ekhaya.
Izici zomndeni kanye nendawo ezungezile eseduze
Umndeni uyisivikelo esiyinhloko, kodwa futhi ungaba enye yezingozi ezinkulu. Isitayela sokukhulisa izingane ngaphandle kwemingcele ecacile, ngaphandle kwemithetho ehambisanayo, futhi ngaphandle kwemiphumela Uma ibhekene nokuziphatha okungafanele, ishiya intsha ingenazo izinkomba zokuthi yini eyamukelekayo nengamukeleki.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iziyalo ezinzima kakhulu, ezingalindelekile, noma ezihlazisayo Ukujeziswa ngokomzimba, ukuklabalasa njalo, kanye nokuthuka kukhulisa intukuthelo, ukungathembani, kanye nokufunda ngobudlova njengendlela evamile yokuhlobana. Ukunamathelana okubuthakathaka phakathi kwabazali nezingane, ukungabi nandaba nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwentsha, kanye nokungabikho kwesikhathi esabiwe kwenza isibopho sibe buthaka kakhulu.
Ezinye izinto eziyingozi emndenini zifaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ubugebengu babazaliUkucindezeleka noma izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezingalashwanga, imali engenayo ephansi kakhulu, ukungasebenzi, kanye nokungazinzi komnotho konke kunegalelo esimweni sokucindezeleka okungaholela ekukhuliseni izingane ngesineke esincane kanye nobudlova obukhulu.
Ezingeni lontanga, ukuhlangana namaqembu abangani abangalaleli noma abanolaka kanye nokuba yilungu leqembu lezigelekeqe kwandisa ngokusobala amathuba okuhlanganyela ezenzweni zobudlova, kokubili ngenxa yokucindezelwa yiqembu kanye nesifiso sokufaneleka noma sokuthola isikhundla eqenjini.
Izici zesikole
Uhlelo lwemfundo lungafaka isandla, noma ngabe luhle noma lubi. Izikole ezinemithetho engacacile, ukuntuleka kwegunya langempela kanye nokusabela okubi ekuhlukunyezweni noma ebudloveni Lokhu kudala indawo yokuzalela ulaka ukuba luqhubeke isikhathi eside. Uma umfundi ebona ukuthi ukuhlazisa noma ukushaya umfundi akujeziswa, cishe uzophindela emuva.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho abafundi abane- ubunzima bokufunda, izinkinga zokuhlanganiswa komphakathi, noma ukwehluleka esikoleniLokhu kwandisa ukungakhululeki, ukukhungatheka, kanye nengozi yokuthi bazofuna izixazululo ngobudlova noma ubulungu emaqenjini anobudlova.
Izici zomphakathi nezenhlalo
Udlame lwentsha luphinde lubonise udlame olukhona emphakathini. izindawo ezinobumpofu obukhulu, ukungalingani okukhulu kwezomnotho, ubugebengu, kanye nokutholakala okuncane kwezinsizakalo Kuhlotshaniswa nokuchayeka okukhulu kwezingane ekuhlaselweni, ekudutshulweni, emaqenjini, noma emisebenzini yobugebengu.
Okulula ukufinyelela otshwaleni, izidakamizwa, kanye nezibhamu Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu ingozi yokuthi intsha ihileleke ezenzweni zobudlova. Ukuchayeka njalo kokuqukethwe kobudlova kwezindaba nakwemidlalo yevidiyo, ukudunyiswa kwamandla, isithembiso sempumelelo elula, ukuthenga ngokweqile, kanye nokuzimela kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi "isiphetho senza kube nelungelo lendlela."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kweminye imiphakathi kugcizelelwa kakhulu “amalungelo” kodwa kuncane kakhulu imisebenzi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo womuntu siquLokhu kungavuselela umuzwa wokuthi noma yini ihamba ngaphandle komzamo noma imiphumela. Ukungalingani kwesakhiwo kanye namathuba ambalwa okuhambahamba emphakathini kudala ukukhungatheka, intukuthelo, nokuphelelwa yithemba—indawo enhle yokuzalela ubudlova.
Imiphumela yobudlova ebuntwaneni
Imiphumela yobudlova emphakathini entsheni idlula kakhulu isikhathi sobudlova. Ezingeni lomuntu ngamunye, Izisulu zingase zibe nemiphumela engokomzimba nengokwengqondo iminyaka eminingi, futhi abahlaseli nabo bakhokhela izindleko ngokwempilo yengqondo, ubudlelwano, kanye namathuba esikhathi esizayo.
Ezingeni elingokomzimba, ulaka lungabangela ukulimala, ukukhubazeka okungapheli, ukulimala ekhanda, ukwaphuka kwamathambo Futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukufa. Ngisho noma amanxeba ephola, ukwesaba ukuhlaselwa futhi kungahlala kumuntu isikhathi eside.
Ngokwengqondo, ukuqhubeka nokuvezwa ebudloveni kuhlotshaniswa ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, isifo sokucindezeleka ngemva kwenhlekeleleLezi zinkinga zifaka phakathi ukuzethemba okuphansi, ubunzima bokugxilisa ingqondo, kanye nezimpawu zomzimba (ikhanda elibuhlungu, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuqwasha). Bobabili izisulu kanye nofakazi bangabhekana nalezi zinkinga, ikakhulukazi uma bengatholi ukwesekwa okwanele.
Ubudlova bunomthelela omkhulu ku- ukusebenza kwezemfundo kanye nomzilaKuvamile ukuthi intsha ehilelekile iphuthelwe yizifundo, ingazibandakanyi ekufundeni, noma iyeke isikole ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kunciphisa amathuba ayo okuthola imisebenzi emihle futhi kwandisa ingozi yokungabandakanywa emphakathini lapho isikhulile.
Ezingeni lomphakathi, ukuba khona kobudlova bentsha okusabalele kudala izimo zokungavikeleki ezindaweni nasemiphakathiniLokhu kuvimbela ukuhlala ndawonye, kuvimbela ukutshalwa kwezimali, futhi kwehlisa isithunzi sezindawo zomphakathi. Izikhungo kumele zabe izinsiza ezengeziwe ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ubulungiswa bobugebengu, kanye nokuvikelwa komphakathi, okubonisa izindleko ezinkulu emphakathini wonke.
Indlela yokubona ubudlova kwentsha
Kwezinye izimo, ubudlova busobala kangangokuthi akunakwenzeka ukuphuthelwa. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho umuntu osemusha enolaka ngaphandle kwekhaya, Kungathatha isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba umndeni uthole inkinga.Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukunaka izimpawu ezithile.
Emndenini, izimpawu ezicacile kakhulu yilezi ukuthukuthela okuvamile, intukuthelo engalingani, ukucasuka okukhuluUkuthuka okuphindaphindiwe okuqondiswe kubazali noma ezinganeni zakubo, ukuphula izinto, izinsongo, noma iziqephu zobudlova obungokomzimba. Lokhu kuziphatha kudlula impikiswano evamile yentsha.
Kuhle futhi ukunaka izinguquko ezisheshayo eqenjini lakho labangane. ubudlelwano namaqembu aphikisanayo, ukuphawula ngokulwa, ukulimala ngaphandle kwencazelo ecacile noma okuthunyelwe okunolaka ezinkundleni zokuxhumana. Othisha kanye nabafundi ofunda nabo bavame ukuba ngabokuqala ukubona ukuziphatha kobudlova ngaphandle kwekhaya.
Uma intsha ishiya ubudlova, impilo yayo ivame ukuthuthuka kakhulu: Izingozi zomzimba nezomthetho ziyancishiswa.Kuthuthukisa impilo yengqondo, kuqinise ubudlelwano, futhi kwandise amathuba ezemfundo nawobungcweti. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu shintsho lunomthelela omuhle endaweni yabo eseduze, lunegalelo emphakathini ophephile.
Ukuvimbela ubudlova bezenhlalo ebuntwaneni
Ukuvimbela kungumthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe we imindeni, izikole, ochwepheshe bezempilo, izinsizakalo zomphakathi, abezindaba, kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomoAkwanele ukungenelela uma sekunenkinga enkulu kakade; kuyadingeka ukuthatha isinyathelo kusukela ebuntwaneni, ngendlela ehlelekile neqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Iqhaza lomndeni
Umndeni uyisivikelo esinamandla kakhulu. Abazali kumele basebenzise igunya elisekelwe othandweni nasenhloniphoniukusungula imithetho ecacile, engaguquguquki nezinzile, ukuchaza izizathu nokusebenzisa imiphumela elinganayo uma ingahlangatshezwanga.
Kuyisihluthulelo sokudlulisa nokusebenzisa izindinganiso ezifana nokuthi ubumbano, ukubekezelelana, ukubambisana, ukulingana ngokobulili, inhlonipho ngokuhlukahluka kwamasiko kanye nokwazisa umzamo. Ukuchitha isikhathi esihle nezingane, ukulalela ukukhathazeka kwazo, ukuqinisa ukuziphatha okuhle, kanye nokuzisiza ukuba zibekezelele ukukhungatheka kudala indawo enamandla kakhulu yokuvikela.
Ukuqapha kungenye into ebalulekile. Nakuba intsha idinga ubumfihlo kanye nokuzimela, abazali bahlala benesibopho ngokuphepha kwayo. Kunconywa ukuthi baqaphele. ukwazi ukuthi baxhumana nobani, benza ziphi izinto, nokuthi badla ini kanye nendlela abaziphatha ngayo ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ngaphandle kokuwela ekulawulweni okuhlaselayo, kodwa kunalokho bakhe ukwethembana okubavumela ukuthi bakhulume ngakho konke.
Futhi ziyasiza kakhulu imisebenzi ehlukile enempilo: ukudlala imidlalo (ikakhulukazi imidlalo yeqembu, ngenxa yemithetho yabo nomoya wokubambisana), ukubamba iqhaza ezinhlanganweni zentsha noma kumaphrojekthi okuzithandela, noma ukuzibandakanya emisebenzini yamasiko. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kuqinisa amakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukuzithiba, kanye nomuzwa omuhle wokuba yingxenye yabantu.
Uma isimo siphuma esandleni futhi umndeni uzizwa ungakwazi ukusisingatha, isinyathelo esihlakaniphile kakhulu funa usizo olukhethekile lochwephesheOchwepheshe bezengqondo, odokotela bezifo zengqondo bezingane, abalamuli bemindeni, noma izinsizakalo zokweluleka bangahlola icala futhi baphakamise uhlelo lokungenelela olufanele.
Isikole njengendawo yokuvimbela
Isikhungo semfundo siyindawo ehloniphekile thola futhi uvimbele ubudlovaIzinhlelo eziphelele zokuhlala ndawonye, ezihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono okuxhumana nabantu, ukuphathwa kwentukuthelo, ukuxazulula izingxabano ngokuthula, kanye nemfundo engokomzwelo, ziye zabonakala zisebenza kahle ekunciphiseni ukuxhashazwa kanye nolaka.
Kubalulekile ukuthi kube nenqubo ecacile yesinyathelo sokulwa nokuxhashazwa, ubudlova bobulili bentsha, kanye nokuxhashazwa kwe-inthanethi, nokuthi othisha bathole ukuqeqeshwa ngakho. ukuqeqeshwa kokuhlonza izimpawu zokuqala kanye nokwazi ukuthi ungangenelela kanjani. Ukuxhumana nemindeni kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale impendulo ehambisanayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikole singasebenza njengenethiwekhi yokusekela abafundi abane- ubunzima bokufunda, izinkinga zokuhlanganisa, noma ingozi yokuyeka isikoleenikeza ukwesekwa, ukufundiswa komuntu siqu kanye nokudluliselwa, uma kudingeka, ezinsizeni zangaphandle.
Ukungenelela komphakathi kanye nezinqubomgomo zomphakathi
Ezingeni lomphakathi, kudingeka amasu abhekana nohlelo izinto ezibangela ubudlova emphakathiniUbumpofu, ukungalingani, ukuntuleka kwamathuba emfundo kanye nemisebenzi, ukubandlululwa emphakathini, ukucwaswa, kanye nokuguqulwa okusheshayo kwabantu ngaphandle kwamanethiwekhi okusekela anele.
Ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo zifaka phakathi ukunciphisa ukufinyelela kotshwala nezinye izidakamizwa phakathi kwezingane ezincane, ukulawulwa kwamalayisense ezibhamu kanye nokuba nazo, ukuqiniswa kwamaphoyisa omphakathi okugxile ekuxazululeni izinkinga hhayi ekujezisweni kuphela, kanye namaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa indawo yasemadolobheni nokunciphisa ukugcwala kobumpofu.
Izinhlelo zokusekela imindeni esezimweni ezisengozini (ukuvakashelwa emakhaya, ukufinyelela izindlu ezifanelekile, ukudla okwanele, amanzi okuphuza kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo) kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka okungapheli kubantu abadala abanakekela izingane, okuholela ekutheni kube namathuba amancane okujeziswa ngokomzimba noma ukunganakwa.
Izinhlangano zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe nazo ziphakamisa imikhankaso yokwenza imfundo yomphakathi yokususa ubudlova esimweni esijwayelekile, ukuqeqeshwa kwamaqembu ezempilo yomndeni ekutholakaleni nasekungeneleleni kusenesikhathi kanye Izinyathelo zemfundo yobulungiswa kubantu abasha ezivikela kangcono izingane kanye nentsha kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlukunyezwa ngokomzimba noma ngokwengqondo.
Izinhlelo nezindlela ezithile zokuvimbela
Phakathi kwezinhlelo ezithembisayo kakhulu zokunciphisa udlame lwentsha yilezi ezilandelayo: izinhlelo zamakhono okuphila ezifundisa izingane nentsha indlela yokuphatha intukuthelo, ukuxazulula izingxabano, ukukhulumisana ngokuqiniseka, nokwenza izinqumo ezifanele.
Baphinde babonisa ukusebenza kahle izinhlelo zokusekela ukukhulisa izingane ngendlela eyakhayoLezi zinhlelo zisiza abazali ukuba babeke imingcele ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ubudlova, bathuthukise ukuxhumana komndeni, futhi bakhuthaze ukunamathelana okuphephile. Ebuntwaneni, izinhlelo zasenkulisa ezihlanganisa ugqozi lwezemfundo nolwezenhlalo ziyindlela yokutshala imali ebaluleke kakhulu yesikhathi esizayo.
Kubantu abasha abasengozini enkulu yokwenza izenzo zobudlova, okulandelayo kuyanconywa: ukungenelela kokwelapha komuntu ngamunye noma kweqembuezibhekana nezinkinga zabo ezingokomzwelo, zokuziphatha, kanye nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa. Umgomo ukubanikeza ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sobudlova zokuphatha izingxabano zabo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle.
Kusukela emkhakheni wezempilo, izinhlangano ezifana ne-WHO zigcizelela ukubaluleka ukuhlanganisa ukuvimbela ubudlova ezinqubweni zempilo yentsha, ukuqoqa idatha ethembekile ngale nkinga, ukusabalalisa ubufakazi ngalokho okusebenzayo kanye nokukhuthaza ukubambisana phakathi kwemikhakha ehlukene (imfundo, ubulungiswa, izinsizakalo zomphakathi, intsha).
Uma kwenzeka isenzakalo esibi kakhulu sobudlova, ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesibhedlela kanye nokuphuthumayo Kubalulekile ukunciphisa imiphumela esheshayo, kodwa akufanele kuphele lapho: ukulandelwa kwengqondo kanye nokwezenhlalo kwezisulu, imindeni yazo, kanye nabahlaseli, uma kungenzeka, kuyadingeka ukuze umjikelezo wobudlova uqedwe ngempela.
Ukuqonda isimo sobudlova bomphakathi ebuntwaneni kudinga ukubheka ngalé kokuziphatha okuthile komuntu osemusha nokucabangela inethiwekhi yezici zomuntu siqu, zomndeni, zesikole, kanye nezenhlalo ezibangela lokhu; kuphela ngokuhlanganisa Imfundo esekelwe ezindinganisweni, ukusekelwa kwemindeni, izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezinesibindi, kanye nezinsiza ezikhethekile ezifinyelelekayo Kuzokwazi ukunciphisa inkinga ethinta ngqo impilo, ukuphepha kanye nekusasa lomphakathi wonke.
