Uma Vladimir UNabokov (futhi mhlawumbe futhi UDavid Foster Wallace) isitayela bekuyindikimba, kaJonatan Franzen, umbhali weFreedom kanye Izilungiso, yonke into izungeza isakhiwo. Ukushiya eceleni imiqingo emincane eyakha lo mqulu wemibono ngempilo yomuntu emhlabeni wamanje UPurezaisakhiwo isici esithakazelisa kakhulu samanoveli akamuva ka-Jonathan Frazen. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, enye yezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zikaJonathan Franzen.
? Amazwibela kanye nokubuyekezwa kwe Ukuhlanzeka, nguJonathan Franken
Ishicilelwe ngo-2015, UPureza isitolimende esisha sochungechunge Umhlaba ngokusho kukaFranzen, lapho umMelika ebuyekeza khona imibhalo yakhe ku-inthanethi, ukugebenga, izinkundla zokuxhumana, ubuntatheli, ubufazi, ukuchichima kwabantu emhlabeni wonke, ukugcinwa kwemvelo, ubuzenzisi bamazwe ngamazwe, nokunye okuningi.
En UPureza, U-Jonathan Frazen akashiyanga lutho edroweni. I-billet ebalulekile. U-Jonathan Franzen ubafaka kanjani abafundi bakhe amakhasi angama-700 ngaphandle kokuphendula yonke leyo festi ye-cellulose ibe into efanele ilebula yencwadi ehlazisayo? okuhamba phambili?
Kungani kusabusa ukuthula nokuthula lapho sikhuluma kahle futhi sikhulumela phezulu ngencwadi yakamuva kaFranzen kodwa, esikhundleni salokho, insimu yamashiya aphakanyisiwe, ukuhleba okukhipha igunya kanye nezinkomba zombuso ziqhuma ngenhlokomo yeqembu ngokushesha nje lapho sidumisa Dan Brown, Stephen King kanye namaZafones asemsebenzini?
Yini ekhetheke kangaka ngendoda ehlale ikhunjulwa njengomngane ka UDavid Foster Wallace ngothando olufanayo lwamabhilidi njengoDavid Foster Wallace, kodwa hhayi ingxenye yesigamu sesitayela esiyinkimbinkimbi sikaDavid Foster Wallace?
UJonathan Franzen, umbhali wePurity
? Ubulula obumsulwa ngesitayela
U-Jonathan Frazen uyadlala futhi UPureza ukubhala kalula ngangokunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindwaphindwa kwamagama, namathambo ambalwa okwenziwa adlulela ngale kwesihloko esilula + isenzo + isilandiso. nangesibindi esigcina isikhathi esenza sibheke isichazamazwi.
Mhlawumbe lapho kulele umusa wefomula yayo, (ngandlela-thile murakamian, iqiniso): lapho kulula ukulandela udaba ngoba ikhetha ukugcina inkimbinkimbi yolunye uhlobo lwamathambo, olukhulu kunawo wonke.
?Isakhiwo se- Ukuhlanzeka
Kuhle ukuboleka lelo gama elidala abazali bethu noma abanakekeli bethu abaziphethe kahle abacishe basikhohlisa ngalo sisebancane ukuze sivule incwadi: “Kungani ningafundi? Sehlulekile yini? Ukufunda kuwuhambo, ndodana yami! Izincwadi zingabangane bakho ndodana.”
Ukube bekungengenxa yokumisa kwakhe umgodi, 'itulo eliyinhloko' likaPurity belizosigcina ntambama
Ake sikubeke kanje: uma sivula UPurezaNangempela saluqala uhambo. Encwadini evamile, enezifiso ezijwayelekile kanye nesakhiwo esijwayelekile, ukuqhubekela phambili ngokulandelana kwezenzakalo zesakhiwo kuqhathaniswa nokunqoba amakhilomitha asihlukanisa nesiphetho sethu; ku UPurezaUkuqhubekela phambili kuhilela udwendwe oluqhubekayo lwezitobhi eziteshini zosizo, ukuma ukuya endlini yokugezela, ukuma ukuze udle, ukuma ukubhema, ukuma ukuze uthenge izinto ezincane... uhambo beluzothatha isikhathi esingaphezudlwana kwehora ukube bekungezona izitobhi, ethatha indawo ephindwe kashumi endaweni yesakhiwo esikhulu, leso esenzeka esikhathini samanje nesingayibulala inqobo nje uma siqhubeka kancane.
? Ukuvala okujabulisayo kwemibuthano
Uma sithi ukuma sisho izahluko zomongo, isizinda, phumula esenzweni samanje. Ngamanye amazwi: U-Jonathan Frazen unikezwa UPureza yesu esesivele silibonile kunoveli yakhe edlule, Libertad, (futhi cishe kuwo wonke amafilimu ka Quentin Tarantino, kufaka phakathi Abayisishiyagalombili abanenzondo) ukuthi, nakuba ngokungangabazeki izoba negama nesigaba phakathi komhlaba wokulandisa kanye/noma umbhalo, sizovele sikubize ngokuthi Ukuvalwa Okujabulisayo Kwemibuthano:
- Sitshelwa uchungechunge lwezehlakalo esintula idatha yazo ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele.
- Uma ubheka emuva esikhathini (akukona ngisho nokubuyela emuva, inkathi yamanje yokulandisa iba yileyo yesikhathi esingaphambi kwalokho okwashiwo ku-1.)
- Ngasekupheleni kwalesi sigaba (esingafinyelela emakhasini ayikhulu futhi sakhe inoveli ngokwayo), sithola ulwazi oludingekayo ebesiludinga ukuze siqonde iphuzu 1 ngomqondo walo ogcwele.
- Isahluko esisha siyaqala futhi siphinde sethulwe ngendaba enqanyuliwe edinga ukuphinde kubhekwe okwedlule ukuze kuzuzwe kahle ukuvala umbuthano okuzonikeza lokho kwaneliseka okusheshayo kumfundi okuzommema ukuthi aqhubeke nokuphequlula amakhasi.
UJonathan Franzen noDavid Foster Wallace, abangani abangahlukani.
Abanye abahlaziyi bemibhalo babone kufanele ukusho ngokungagwegwesi ekuhlaziyeni kwabo lokho Amanoveli ka-Jonathan Franzen anikela ngodoti, utshani namakhasi imali eyanele ukusindisa amahlathi ambalwa. Lude njengosuku ngaphandle kwewayini.
Abanye abacusumbuli bemibhalo babone kufanele ukusho ngokungananazi lokho Amanoveli ka-Jonathan Franzen anikela ngodoti, utshani namakhasi imali eyanele ukusindisa amahlathi ambalwa.
? Izihloko eziningi… mhlawumbe ziningi kakhulu
Yikuphi UCortázar elele ekamelweni lakhe langaphambi kweParis Rayuela Ukushova izahluko, umuntu angambona ngeso lengqondo uFranzen enezintaba zakhe eziyisikhombisa noma eziyisishiyagalombili ezigqagqene zamakhasi, engabaza ngohlelo oluhle kakhulu lokulahla i-ballast yendaba ebingeke ibe umlutha ukube ibishicilelwe ngokulandelana okuqinile kwe-orthodox. Yiqiniso, yini eyenza UPureza angazi okwamanje Twilight Da Vinci Code Inferno de Gray yilokho, ngaphezu kokukhuluma ngakho I-inthanethi, ukugebenga, amanethiwekhi omphakathi, ubuntatheli, ubufazi, ukwanda kwabantu emhlabeni wonke, ukukholelwa kwemvelo, ubuzenzisi bamazwe ngamazwe, kanye nokunye okuningi, indikimba yangempela eqhubekisela phambili isakhiwo ngempela iyafana neyawo wonke amanoveli kaFranzen, lawo wonke amanoveli amahle kanye nesiko lendawo yonke: umuntu, amaphupho akhe kanye nosizi lwakhe. Ukuthuthukiswa kohlamvu, wow.
Sizokusho lokho uPurity osemusha (Pip) uTyler ungumlingiswa oyinhloko ngoba, ngaphezu kokuba intombazane eyisikhava, yindaba yakhe evula futhi ivale incwadi, ibe isixhumanisi nezinye izindaba ezinhlanu.; izindaba ezinhlanu, esigcizelela ukuthi, izincwadi ezihlukene ngokweqiniso; izifinyezo zezimpilo ezithintana noPip Tyler kuphela ezigxotsheni zabo zokugcina nokuthi, nokho, UPureza zichazwe kithi ngemininingwane eminingi egulayo okunikeza lezi zahluko imvelo ejwayeleke kakhulu yohlobo lwe-biography kunelo lwenoveli.
NjengoFoster Wallace, kulapho uJonathan Frazen ekhanya khona kakhulu, ezithombeni zakhe ezibuhlungu ezingokwengqondo zabantu esihlangana nabo ngezikhathi zomvuthwandaba kanye, futhi, nobumpunga obuphuphile: i-squatter encane icwiliswe yisikweletu sezifundo zayo zasenyuvesi, intombazane enhle eneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu ubudala edlala i-Julian Assagne emsebenzini, intatheli enhle nefisa ukuvelela ezimisele ukubeka umsebenzi ngaphambi kothando, omubi nofisa ukuvelela. intatheli ezimisele ukubeka uthando lomsebenzi, kanye nohlobo lowesifazane olungalinganiseli lwakudala lwendlu yakwaFranzen.
? ¿Is Ukuhlanzeka un Inkululeko II?
Ukube bekungengenxa yecebo lika-Andreas Wolf (umnikazi we-hacker wenhlangano yohlobo lwe-Wikileaks) kanye nesilinganiso esiphansi seminyaka yenoveli iyonke, UPureza, esikhundleni sokuqhubeka kwenoveli (yempumelelo yefomula kaFranzen) ngokusobala kungaba uhlobo lwe Libertad 2 (Inkululeko II: Ukubuya Kwabasindwayo), njengoba kwesinye isikhathi ama-echo abonakala kakhulu (ngesizathu sekudlule iminyaka emine kuphela selokhu kwashicilelwa ngo-2011 ukuthi kwakuyini inoveli yakhe yokuqinisekisa, isikhathi esingaphansi kwesigamu sesikhathi esisithathile ukushicilela kabusha Izilungiso, inoveli yakhe yesambulo ka-2001).
Uma kungenjalo u-Andreas Wolf, UPureza, esikhundleni sokuqhubeka kwenoveli yokuphumelela kwefomula kaFranzen, ngokusobala kungaba uhlobo oluthile Libertad 2
Imindeni ephazamisekile kanye nobudlelwano bocansi obunzima (uma kunjalo) Libertad Zaseziningi izindaba eziphoxayo ngale ndaba, la, serious, luningi ucansi kulencwadi, luningi nje, kulungile Franzen, uyisicefe, serious, ubhorekile, kungani umuntu engakwazi ukwenza ucansi olujwayelekile nokuthi le ndaba ayinayo insika eyisisekelo yokuba khona kwayo? ngani UJonathan Franzen? Uzama ukusitshelani ngalo mbukiso wabantu abangagculisekile, abangenamdlandla nabangenelisekile?).
Inoveli yezintatheli ngezikhathi ze-Wikileaks
Kunobuhle obuthile kanye nendida eqinisweni lokuthi indikimba eyinhloko yoqweqwe lwale ncwadi (ukuvuza okukhulu kobuntatheli obuphathelene nohulumeni kanye ne-corporate obscurantism) isiphenduke, emhlabeni wangempela, njenge-ephemeral njengoba u-Tom Aberant (intatheli efisa ukuvelela) ecabanga. Ikona. Ngandlela thize, UPureza kwaba ukwethulwa kokuhlela okwafinyelela amatafula ezindaba ancipha ngandlela thize ngenxa yokuthi uzenza sengathi uveza, noma kunalokho ufuna ukugxeka, into ngaleso sikhathi eyayisesimweni sokuquleka.
Ukunyamalala kwabezindaba ze mannings y Ama-Assagnes ukuthi kungekudala (mhlawumbe, lapho uFranzen eqala ukubhala UPureza) babengabasindisi abazikhethele bona bokuziphatha okuhle komhlaba wonke, into ekhohlisayo eyenziwa kule ncwadi engase ibe igalelo lokugcina (emphakathini ongeyena umuntu lapho izinganekwane zazisasetshenziswa kakhulu futhi zinikezwe ithonya elithile, njengaseminyakeni yamashumi amahlanu, lapho bethatha uNabokov kakade lolita ekuqulweni kwecala), ukuhlaba intamo, kwalezi zenzakalo zemithombo yezindaba ezonga izwe zincipha kakhulu ezinsukwini zethu, ezihlehliselwe embhalweni wezikhathi ezithile esigabeni Samazwe Ngamazwe (amafuphi aphendulwa umfundi ngokwesaba okuthi "ah, yebo, lowo mfana").
Intombazanyana engazi ukuthi yenzeni ngempilo yayo ikhangwa iWikileaks (lapha ibizwa ngeSunlight Project) lokho kungase kumnikeze ithuba lokuthola uyise ongaqondakali. Endleleni, sifunda ngo-Andreas Wolf, umholi onobuhle nowesifazane womphakathi we-quasi-sectarian ovezwa ngobuqili ngendlela yokuthi umfundi angakwazi ukuzwa lutho ngaphandle kwesihawu nenzondo ngomuntu wakhe, ngaphezu kwezintatheli ezimbili. kanye nohlanya lowesifazane oshiwo ngenhla, ngenxa yokungaphangi, sizovele silebule njenge-block Libertad yencwadi, noma-ke, ukugxeka/isithombe somuntu odabukisayo, odabukisayo, futhi nokho okwenzekayo kuphela, impilo yeminyaka ephakathi ye-Amerika evamile.
Lapha i-Wikileaks ibizwa nge-Sunlight Project
Ngokuphathelene nobufazi kanye/noma impi yobulili, sithola izindlela ezimbalwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinalo UPip Tyler, oziqhenyayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wamkhothamela ngehlazo isidingo ukuba seduze nendoda, noma i-Sunlight Project, wonke umphakathi wezinzalamizi ezinenhlamba (okucishe kube yi-Gaddafist overtones uma kuziwa ku-harem yabesifazane baka-Andreas Wolf), futhi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola idlanzana elihle labesifazane abazimele, abanomlomo nabathukuthele. Nomona. Futhi unomona.
Kwesinye isikhathi le noveli ibonakala iyisizathu sokuba khona kwezindatshana ezifana nalezi ezinesihloko esithi FUTHIIngabe u-Jonathan Franzen ungumuntu othanda ubulili? Sinomama ongayedwana, owesifazane olangazelela ukuba ngumama, iqembu lamantombazane azimisele ukwenza noma yini futhi, ekugcineni, impilo namanje yalokho uFranzen acabanga ukuthi kwenzeka emphakathini wesifazane ngo-2015.
Umhlaba ka-2015 ngokusho kukaFranzen.
Ungase ungavumelani ngokuphelele no-Jonathan Franzen kanye nalobo butha obubhekiselwe ku-inthanethi (kuyafaneleka ukugqamisa isigaba sendatshana lapho i-inthanethi nokuphenduka kwayo kuqhathaniswa nokusebenza kwe-Stasi kanye nokuphathwa kwe-Bureaucracy yona kanye iDemocratic Republic German); ungaphikisana nendlela yokwenza lula abasha (empeleni, kufanele), futhi ungacabanga ukuthi izixazululo ezithile esakhiweni zihlushwa ukungabi nalutho kanye nokweqisa kokuhlangana okujabulisayo, futhi lokho ngeke kusho ukuthi le noveli iyaqhubeka nokuba nenzuzo. UPureza iyafana, okusho ukuthi lokhu ukuqhubeka okulula kwezinga lekhwalithi eselibonisiwe kakade kulo Libertad. UFranzen ukunika lokho akuthembisayo, ngokushesha nje lapho uqeda le, usuvele ufuna ukufunda enye. Futhi lokho, namuhla, sekuvele kuningi.
UJonathan Franzen, Purity
Ukuhunyushwa kuka-Enrique de Hériz
I-Salamander, Barcelona, ngo-2015
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