Umbuzo "Ngingubani?" ihlola ifilosofi, isayensi yezengqondo, kanye nokuphila kwansuku zonke.Akudingeki ube senkingeni enkulu yokuphila ukuze ngezinye izikhathi uhlaselwe ukungabaza ngokuthi yini esichazayo, yini esenza sihlale "sifana" ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, noma ukuthi kungani sizifanisa namanye amalebula hhayi amanye.
Kufilosofi, sikhuluma ubuwena ukubhekisela kulolo qoqo lwezinkinga ezizungeze ubuqu, umuntu, ukuqhubeka kwesikhathi, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha. Ku-psychology, ukugxila kushintshela endleleni umqondo wethu owakheka ngayo, indlela ubunikazi bomuntu siqu nobezenhlalo nokuthi ukuzethemba, amaqembu, kanye namasiko kudlala yiphi indima kukho konke lokhu. Ngokombono ongokoqobo, sinesithakazelo futhi endleleni yethu indlela yokugqokaIndlela esikhuluma noma esixhumana ngayo iveza isithombe esisetshenziswa abanye ukuze basihlonze.
Yini esiyiqondayo ngobunikazi bomuntu siqu?
Ngomqondo obanzi, i- Ubuwena bomuntu siqu buyiqoqo lezimpawu, izinkumbulo, izindinganiso, izinkolelo, amaphrojekthi, kanye nobudlelwano okwenza umuntu ngamunye abe ngohlukile futhi abonakale kwabanye. Akugcini ngegama noma ekubukekeni komzimba, kodwa kuhlanganisa umlando wokuphila, indlela yokucabanga, imizwa ebusayo, indlela yokuxhumana nendawo ezungezile, kanye nomuzwa wokuba ngumuntu ofanayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokombono wengqondo, kuvame ukushiwo ukuthi ubuwena bomuntu siqu buyingxenye ukuzicabangela noma ukuzibona, kanye nobunikazi bomphakathi. Ngenkathi ubuwena bomphakathi busichaza njengabantu amalungu amaqembu (umndeni, umsebenzi, ubuzwe, izinto ozithandayo), ubuwena bethu busichaza ngokusekelwe ezicini ezihlukile: indlela esizibona ngayo, ukuthi singobani abalingiswa esikholelwa ukuthi sinabo, ukuthi yimiphi imigomo esizibekela yona, noma ukuthi yiziphi iziqephu esizibheka njengezibalulekile kumlando wethu wokuphila.
Umqondo obalulekile ukuthi ubuwena bomuntu siqu ukuguquguquka kanye nokulandisaAkuyona ibhulokhi eqondile, kodwa indaba esizitshela yona ngokuthi singobani, sivelaphi, nokuthi siyaphi. Le ndaba ibhalwa kabusha njalo ngezinto ezintsha, izinguquko ezindinganisweni, izinkinga, impumelelo, kanye nokulahlekelwa, yize ngokuvamile igcina "ukufana komndeni" okuthile okusivumela ukuthi sizibone.
Embusweni wefilosofi yobuchwepheshe, ubuwena bomuntu buhlangana nemibuzo edinga kakhulu ye-metaphysical: siluhlobo luni lwesidalwa (umphefumulo, ingqondo, izinto eziphilayo, inqwaba yemibono?), yiziphi izimo okumele kuhlangatshezwane nazo ukuze umuntu u-A ngesinye isikhathi afane nomuntu u-B ngesinye isikhathi, noma ukuthi ubuwena buhlobene kanjani... umthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha nangobulungiswa lapho kusolwa futhi kufaneleka.
Ukuqhubeka kwesikhathi: umzimba, ingqondo, kanye nokuphikelela komuntu siqu
Uma sicabanga ngokuhlala singumuntu ofanayo phakathi neminyaka, ukungabaza kuvela ngokushesha: imizimba yethu iyashintsha, ubuntu bethu buyakheka, Sikhohlwa izinkumbulo futhi sithole ezintshaNgakho-ke lokhu kuqhubeka esikubiza ngokuthi ubuwena bomuntu siqu kuquketheni?
Impendulo yokuqala eqondakala kalula ukuncika emzimbeni. Singasho lokho Singumuntu ofanayo uma nje umzimba "wethu" ulondolozwaKodwa nansi inkinga edumile yoMkhumbi kaTheseus: uma kancane kancane sishintsha zonke izingxenye zomkhumbi, ingabe usengumkhumbi ofanayo? Kwenzeka into efanayo ngomzimba womuntu: eminyakeni edlule, cishe zonke izinto ezisenza sibe ngcono ziyavuselelwa.
Ukuze banqobe lobu bunzima, ezinye izazi zefilosofi zikhuluma ngokuqhubeka kwezinto eziphilayo: okubalulekile bekungeke kube ukuba nendaba efanayo, kodwa ukuqhubeka kwezinqubo ezibalulekile zento efanayoLena yindlela yemibono yamalungelo ezilwane, egcizelela ukuthi, enhliziyweni, siyizilwane ezingabantu eziqhubeka isikhathi eside uma nje into ephilayo iqhubeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingqondo iyasebenza noma cha (isibonelo, ku-coma engapheli), exhumanisa nezingxoxo mayelana umphefumulo kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo zesayensi.
Nokho, abanye ababhali bagxila engqondweni. Ngaphansi komqondo "wokucabanga", umuntu ubonakala njengo uchungechunge lwamakhono okuqonda kanye nezimo zokuqondangezinye izikhathi kuze kucatshangelwe njengento engabonakali ehlukile emzimbeni. Ngale ndlela, ubuwena bomuntu siqu buzoxhomeka ekuqhubekeni kwengqondo, noma ngabe ukwesekwa ngokomzimba kushintshile.
Njengoba ihlelwe ngale ndlela, inkinga ixhumeka neyakudala inkinga yengqondo nomzimbaIndlela izimo zengqondo (imicabango, imizwa, izinkolelo) ezihlobana ngayo nezinqubo zomzimba zobuchopho. Uma ingqondo iyinto engeyona eyenyama, kubalulekile ukuchaza ukuthi isebenzisana kanjani nomzimba; uma ingeyenyama kuphela, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuthi izici ezifana nokuqaphela, inhloso, noma izinkolelo zivela kanjani ezinqubweni ze-electrochemical.
Ukuhlolwa kwemicabango: ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla, ukushintshaniswa komzimba, kanye nenkumbulo
Ukuze sithuthukise imizwa yethu mayelana nobuntu bethu, izazi zefilosofi eziningi ziphendukela ku- izivivinyo zokucabanga ezimangalisayo okuthi, nakuba zingenakufezwa ngokoqobo, zisiphoqe ukuba sithathe isinyathelo.
Enye yezinto ezaziwa kakhulu inkinga yokuthunyelwa kwezinto emhlabeni, eyathandwa kakhulu nguDerek Parfit. Cabanga ngedivayisi ewohloka umzimba wakho eMhlabeni futhi ifane kahle nezimo zakho zomzimba nezengqondo eMars. Ingabe umuntu ovuka eMars nguwe, noma umane nje uyikhophi? Uma ukuqhubeka ngokomzimba kuyinto ebalulekile, mhlawumbe akusikho wena, ngoba umzimba wokuqala ubhujisiwe. Uma ukuqhubeka kwengqondo (izinkumbulo, ubuntu, amacebo) kubalulekile, khona-ke kubonakala kuheha kakhulu ukusho ukuthi nguwe.
I-Parfit yenza kube nzima kakhulu ngokucabanga ngezinguquko: kuthiwani uma umshini, esikhundleni sokukubhubhisa, uqala ngokudala ikhophi bese ugcina eyasekuqaleni? Ungaba yini wena ezindaweni ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa? Lezi zibonelo zibonisa lokho "Ukulingana komzimba" nje akwanele njengendlela yokubonisa ubuwenanokuthi ukuqhubeka kwengqondo kungangqubuzana nemizwa yethu "egxile emzimbeni".
UBernard Williams uphakamisa olunye uchungechunge lwamacala ahilela ukushintshana komzimba. Ake sicabange ngenqubo edlulisela izinkumbulo, izici zomlingiswa, kanye nokuziphatha komuntu A emzimbeni ka-B, kanye nokuphikisana nalokho. Ngaphambi kwenqubo, bobabili abantu babuzwa ukuthi yimuphi umzimba abafuna ukuwuthola umvuzo nokuthi yimuphi isijeziso. Ngemva kokuhlola, Umuntu osemzimbeni ka-B ukhumbula ukuthi wakhetha njengo-A Futhi umzimba ka-A ukhumbula ukuthi wakwenza njengo-B. Ukuqonda kwethu kokuqala kuvame ukuba ukuthi umuntu “ulandela” izinkumbulo zakhe kanye nezici zakhe zengqondo, hhayi umzimba wakhe.
Kodwa-ke, uWilliams usebenzisa indlela ehlukile: othile utshelwa ukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba ahlukunyezwe, zonke izinkumbulo zakhe zizosulwa. Iningi labantu lihlala lesaba. Akunandaba ukuthi ngeke sikukhumbule ukuhlushwa, inqobo nje uma umzimba ozohlupheka usengowethu.Lapha, ukuqhubeka komzimba kubonakala kudlula ukuqhubeka kwengqondo, okudala ukungezwani phakathi kwemizwa yethu njengoba sishintsha indlela esibheka ngayo icala.
Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlola zisebenza ukubonisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inkinga yokuphikelelaKungaphansi kwaziphi izimo lapho umuntu ngesikhathi u-t1 kanye nesiqu (umuntu, umzimba, ingqondo) ngesikhathi u-t2 zifana khona ngezinombolo? Impendulo izohluka kuye ngokuthi sigcizelela umzimba, ingqondo, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili.
Ukukhiya, inkumbulo kanye nokuqonda: umuntu njengesihloko esinomthwalo wemfanelo
UJohn Locke ungumuntu obalulekile engxoxweni yanamuhla yobuwena bomuntu siqu. Kuye, okusenza sibe umuntu ofanayo akusikho umphefumulo obhekwa njengento ethile, noma umzimba, kodwa ukuqhubeka kokuqonda, okuqondwa ngokuyinhloko njengenkumbuloSingumuntu ofanayo ngezinga esingaqaphela ngalo izenzo nemicabango yangaphambilini njengeyethu.
ULocke uhlukanisa ngokucophelela phakathi kokuba yinto efanayo (ebonakalayo noma engabonakali) nokuba umuntu ofanayo. Isibonelo, singacabanga ukuthi umphefumulo kaPlato "uyazalwa kabusha" komunye umzimba; kodwa, uma lowo mphefumulo ungagcini ukuqaphela okuhlangenwe nakho nemicabango kaPlatoAkunangqondo ukusho ukuthi lo muntu omusha nguPlato. Okuchaza umuntu ukuqonda okuqhubekela phambili nangemuva ngesikhathi.
Ngalo mbono, uLocke wethula isici sobunhloli bezobunhloli egameni elithi “umuntu”: umuntu, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu okungabhekiselwa kuye izenzoubuhle namaphutha. Ngakho-ke, uxhumanisa ubuwena bomuntu siqu nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuziphatha. Uma ngikhumbula kahle ukuthi ngenze isenzo izolo, khona-ke ngingumuntu ofanayo owasenza futhi, ngokomthetho, ngingabhekwa njengonecala.
Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuxhumana okuseduze phakathi kwenkumbulo, ubuwena, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo kuphakamisa izinkinga. Cabanga ngomuntu owenza ubugebengu edakiwe futhi angakhumbuli lutho ngosuku olulandelayo. Ngokwazi, uhlala enesibophonoma ngabe abazi ngalesi senzo. Noma uma ingane encane kakhulu, ngisho noma ikhumbula ukuthi iphule into eyigugu, intula ukuvuthwa okudingekayo ukuze ibe yisifundo sokuziphatha esinomthwalo wemfanelo ophelele.
Lezi zimo zibonisa ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kobunikazi bomuntu siqu, unembeza, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo buyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu: inkumbulo idlala indima ebalulekile, kodwa Ukukhumbula akwanele ukuze ube nomthwalo wemfanelo ngokuziphathaFuthi ukukhohlwa akususi umthwalo wemfanelo ngokuzenzakalelayo. Noma kunjalo, uLocke wavula indlela ebalulekile ngokukhomba ukuthi umongo wobuntu busekuziqapheleni hhayi ekuqhubekeni kwezinto nje.
UHume, ongeyena umuntu, kanye nokugxekwa kwamaBuddha komuntu ohlala njalo
UDavid Hume uthatha ukugxekwa kuqhubeke kakhulu. Ehlaziya okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kwangaphakathi, uthi akakaze athole "ubuyena" obuzinzile, kodwa kuphela ukushintshashintsha kwemibono: imizwa, imizwa, imibonoAkukho okunye okukhona ngemuva kwalokho kugeleza okunaleyo mibono. Ubunikazi bomuntu siqu, kuHume, buwuhlobo lwenganekwane oludalwa umcabango ngokuhlanganisa imibono efanayo ngobudlelwano bokufana, ukuhambisana, kanye nokuba khona kwesizathu.
Ngendlela efanayo, ezinye izikole zemicabango yobuBuddha zisekela imfundiso yokuthi i-anatta noma “hhayi-self”Ngokwalo mbono, lokho esikubiza ngokuthi “ubuwena” akuyona into ehlala ihleli, kodwa inqubo eshintsha njalo, ukugeleza kokuqonda okungenawo umongo ohlala njalo. Imicabango yethu, imizwa, kanye nezici zobuntu ziyahlukahluka kusukela ngomzuzwana kuya komunye; ukunamathela embonweni wobuwena obungaguquki kubhekwa njengomthombo wokunamathela nokuhlupheka.
Ababhali banamuhla abanjengoJames Giles baye bavikela i- inkolelo-mbono yokungaziphathi Iphefumulelwe yiHume nobuBuddha. Ngokungafani nemibono "yokunciphisa", ezama ukuchaza umuntu njengoqoqo noma isethi yezimo zengqondo ezihlobene, umbono we-eminativist uthi noma yimuphi umbono ogcina umbono womuntu, ngisho noma "usethi", uphinda wethule ngomnyango ongemuva lokho obekuhloswe ukukuqeda.
Ngale ndlela, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ithiyori yephakheji" (lapho umuntu eyiqoqo lokuhlangenwe nakho) bekungeke kwanele: ubunikazi bomuntu siqu buzoncibilika bube ukuhlangana okusebenzayo nje kokuhlangenwe nakho okuxhumeneAkunangqondo ukukhuluma ngomuntu ophethe lokho okuhlangenwe nakho. Ukugxekwa kwamaBuddha kungasho into efanayo: imiqondo efana "nokuqonda," "imizwa," noma "umzimba" akufanele ihunyushwe kabusha njengomuntu ohlala njalo oqukethwe kuyo, ngoba empeleni konke akuhlali njalo.
Lezi zikhundla eziqinile zisiphoqa ukuthi sicabange kabusha ukuthi kungani sinamathela emqondweni wokuzibusa okuqhubekayo. Enye incazelo engaba khona ukuvela kwemvelo: Ukuba nomuzwa ozinzile wobunikazi kusindisa izinsiza zokuqonda Kwenza kube lula ukuhlela, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nokuphila komphakathi. Kodwa lokhu kusiza okusebenzayo akuqinisekisi ukuthi, ngokwezinto ezingaphili, kukhona into efana nobunikazi bomuntu siqu obuqinile nobuhlala njalo.
Imibono yanamuhla: ama-neo-Lockeans, ama-physicalists kanye nendaba
Empikiswaneni yamanje mayelana nobunikazi bomuntu siqu, imindeni emibili eyinhloko yemibono ivame ukuhlukaniswa: i I-Neo-Lockean, egxile ekuqhubekeni kwengqondoFuthi imibono ye-physicist, egcizelela ukuqhubeka komzimba noma kwezinto eziphilayo. Ngayinye isabela ngendlela ehlukile ezinkingeni esizikhulume ngazo.
Imibono ye-Neo-Lockean ivela ekuphefumulelweni kwe-Lockean: abantu bangabantu abachazwa ngokuba nokuzazi, kanye Empeleni singabantu uma nje silondoloza leso simo.Iningi lalaba babhali bangabantu abathanda izinto ezibonakalayo ngomqondo obanzi: bayakwamukela ukuthi izimo zengqondo zincike ezinqubweni zomzimba ebuchosheni, kodwa basacabanga ukuthi okubalulekile ukuze umuntu abe ngumuntu ukuqhubeka kwengqondo (izinkumbulo, izici zomlingiswa, amaphrojekthi, njll.).
Ngaphakathi kwaleli qembu sithola, ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibono yokuqhubeka kwengqondo "okulula", eziphatha izimo zengqondo njengezinto ezizimele kakhulu ezinesisindo esilinganayo, ezixhunywe ubudlelwano bembangela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona imibono yokulandisaLezi zinkolelo-mbono zigcizelela ukuthi izimo zethu zengqondo zihlelwe ngokwezigaba ngaphakathi kwendaba yokuphila, nezici eziphakathi nezingaphandle. Kulezi zinto ezingaphandle, izinkumbulo noma ukuhlukumezeka okuthile kunesisindo sesakhiwo endleleni esiziqonda ngayo, kanti ezinye iziqephu zibhekwa njengezingasho lutho.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibono ye-physicist ihlukene phakathi kwalabo abavikela ukuqhubeka komzimba njengesici esiyisisekelo (singumzimba wethu, futhi siyaqhubeka inqobo nje uma umzimba ofanayo uqhubeka, noma okungenani ubuchopho obufanayo), kanye izishoshovu zamalungelo ezilwaneokucacisa ukuthi empeleni siyizinto eziphilayo zezinhlobo zabantu. Ngokuphathelene nezilwane, ubuwena bomuntu siqu, ekugcineni, buwubuwena besilwane esifanayo kulo lonke umjikelezo waso wokuphila, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leso silwane singumuntu oqaphelayo kuzo zonke izigaba.
Umphumela owodwa ophawulekayo ukuthi, kwabaningi abasebenzisa i-physicalists, Ubudlelwano phakathi kobuntu kanye nalokho okubalulekile kithi ngokokuziphatha bubuthakathaka noma abukho nhlobo.Singase sikhathazeke ngempilo yethu yesikhathi esizayo, ubuqotho bethu bengqondo, noma isithunzi sethu, kodwa lokho akusho ukuthi imfuneko yobuntu obungokoqobo kufanele ihambisane nalezo zinto ezikhathazayo ezingokoqobo. Nokho, kwabanye ababhali (ikakhulukazi emasikweni e-neo-Lockean), kusekhona ukuxhumana okuqinile phakathi kobunikazi, igunya, kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo.
Imibono yokulandisa iphinde yethule lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "inkinga yokuthi singobani" noma yokuthi singobani ngempelaNgale kwezimo zokuhlonza kabusha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (ubani ongubani ngezikhathi ezahlukene), sikhathazekile ngokwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici ezingezona ezethu ngempela, okuyisisekelo sobuntu bethu nokuthi yini esiyizwa njengento engaziwa noma eyenzekile ngengozi.
Ubunikazi bomuntu siqu ngokombono wengqondo: ukuzibona, ubugovu, kanye nendaba yokuphila
I-Psychology ivame ukusondela kubunikazi bomuntu siqu ngombono osekelwe ebufakazini kanye nowokuhlangenwe nakho. Ubunikazi buqondwa ngokuthi umuzwa wokuzimela wokuba nguwe njalongokuhambisana kwangaphakathi kanye nokwehluka kwabanye. Isibonelo, u-Erik Erikson, wagcizelela ukuthi ukwakheka kobunikazi kuwumsebenzi oyinhloko wobusha, yize kuhlungwa impilo yonke.
Kulesi sigaba, kuhlukaniswa izingxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko zomuntu: ubuwena (izici, amakhono, izindinganiso, indlela yokubhekana nezimo) kanye ubunikazi bomphakathi (ubudlelwano beqembu: ubulili, umsebenzi, ubuzwe, izinto ozithandayo, njll.). Zombili lezi zigaba ziyasebenzisana futhi ziyahlangana: ngezinye izikhathi siziveza kwabanye sigcizelela amaqembu ethu (“Ngingudokotela”, “Ngivela e-Andalusia”, “Ngingumdlali wegeyimu”), kanti ngezinye izikhathi sibeka phambili izici zangaphakathi (“Nginelukuluku kakhulu”, “Nginamahloni”, “Nginenkani kakhulu”).
Isayensi yezenhlalo ikhombisile ukuthi ubunikazi bezenhlalo buthonya kakhulu ukuzethemba. Ngokusho kwe- Ithiyori kaTajfel yobunikazi bomphakathiIsenzo esilula sokuzihlukanisa njengamalungu eqembu nokulihlukanisa kwabanye siholela ekubandlululeni: sigqamisa ukufana okukhona eqenjini lethu kanye nomehluko namaqembu angaphandle, okubhebhethekisa imibono engajwayelekile, ubandlululo, kanye nokuziphatha okubandlululayo.
Ukuzethemba kuthintwa ukuhlolwa komphakathi kwala maqembu: Ukuzihlukanisa namaqembu anezikhundla eziphezulu kuvame ukuqinisa ukuzethembaNakuba ukuba yingxenye yamaqembu acwaswayo kungaba yingozi, ngaphandle kokuthi kuthuthukiswe amasu okuqina komuntu siqu noma ukuziqhenya ngokubambisana. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani abantu abaningi besekela ngentshiseko izinhloso zezepolitiki, zamasiko, noma zemidlalo: "bakhanya" ngokuzindla, bezibona ngempumelelo yeqembu.
Okwamanje, i-psychology ikhuluma ukuqhubeka komuntu siqu noma ukuqhubeka kwakheUmbono wokuthi, naphezu kwazo zonke izinguquko, kukhona intambo exhumanisayo phakathi kwengane esasiyiyo, umuntu omdala esinguye, nomuntu esicabanga ukuthi siba nguye. Lokhu kuqhubeka kondliwa yizinkumbulo zomlando womuntu, ukuhlangana phakathi kokuhlangenwe nakho, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwalowo mlando endabeni enohlelo oluthile kanye nencazelo.
Izici ezithinta ukwakhiwa kobunikazi
Ubuwena bomuntu siqu abuveli ngokuzumayo: bakhiwe kuyo yonke impilo ngokusebenzisana nezici eziningi zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Phakathi kwezibaluleke kakhulu, singaqokomisa indawo ejwayelekileimfundo, isiko, okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu, kanye nomfanekiso wakhe.
Umndeni uyisisekelo sokuqala lapho sifunda khona izindima, izindinganiso, izinkolelo, kanye nezindlela zokuhlobana, futhi lapho, isibonelo, abesifazane abaningi behlola khona ukuthi ukuba ngumama ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ubuwena bakhoIsitayela sokunamathelana, uhlobo lokusekelwa olutholwayo, kanye nokulindelwe ngumndeni kuthonya kakhulu lokhu. indlela esiqala ngayo ukuzibonaKamuva, isikole, amaqembu ontanga, kanye nabezindaba bandisa lowo mbono, benikeza amamodeli ahlukile kanye namaphuzu amasha okubhekisela kuwo.
Isiko nomphakathi kunikeza uhlu lwezinto ezingaba khona: ubulili, ukuthambekela kobulili, ubuwena bomsebenzi, ubunikazi bamasiko noma zenkolo, zonke ziphawulwe yimikhuba, izindaba, kanye nemibono engafani. Ezimweni zokucindezeleka okukhulu kwezenhlalo, abantu bangase bazizwe bephoqelekile ukwamukela ubuwena obungahambisani ngokugcwele nokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo kwangaphakathi, okuvame ukudala izingxabano nezinkinga.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu komuntu siqu (impumelelo, ukwehluleka, ukufuduka, ukugula, ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, noma impumelelo empilweni) kuvame ukusebenza njenge amaphuzu okuguquka endabeni yokuthi singobaniZiphawula iphuzu lokuguquka futhi zingasiholela ekuhloleni kabusha izinto eziza kuqala, izindinganiso, noma ukwethembeka. I-psychology yokulandisa inesithakazelo ikakhulukazi endleleni esilandisa ngayo lezi zikhathi nokuthi zidlala yiphi indima ebuntwini bethu.
Okokugcina, ukuzibona—ukubona umzimba wethu kanye nokubukeka—kuthonya kokubili ubuwena kanye nokuzethemba. Izinguquko zomzimba ezingazelelwe (ezibangelwa ukugula, ingozi, ubudala, noma ukuhlinzwa) zingadala umuzwa wokuthi ubuwena bethu busongelwa, ikakhulukazi uma lezi zinguquko zibonakala emphakathini futhi zishintsha indlela abanye abasibona ngayo.
Ngalo mqondo, abanye ochwepheshe bezithombe nokuxhumana basebenza kahle ukusiza abantu ukuthi vumelanisa isithombe sangaphandle nesipiliyoni sangaphakathingombono wokuthi ukubukeka nokuzizwa kahle ngabo kwenza kube lula ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima, kusukela engxoxweni yomsebenzi kuya ekwelashweni komdlavuza.
Ubuwena bomuntu siqu, ukuhlonza kanye nesikhathi sedijithali
Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kobunikazi bomuntu siqu ngomqondo ojulile kanye nezinqubo ezisebenzayo thola umuntuEzimweni zomthetho noma zokuphatha, sihlonza umuntu sisebenzisa amadokhumenti asemthethweni (ikhadi le-ID, ipasipoti, inombolo yokuphepha komphakathi) aqoqa idatha efana negama, usuku lokuzalwa, ubuzwe noma ikheli.
Siphinde sisebenzise izici zomzimba (ukuphakama, umbala wesikhumba, ubuso, izigxivizo zeminwe) kanye, ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa, ubuchwepheshe be-biometric njengokubona ubuso, ukuqaphela izwi, kanye nokuskena kwe-retina. Lezi zindlela zihlose ukuqinisekisa ngokuthembekile ukuthi umuntu uyafana ngezinjongo zomthetho noma ukufinyelela izinsizakalo, kodwa Abasitsheli lutho ngomlando wabo wangaphakathi, ukwesaba kwabo, izifiso zabo, noma izindinganiso zabo.
Ngokukhula kwe-inthanethi kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana, kuye kwaduma ubunikazi bedijithaliAmaphrofayili aku-inthanethi, imilando yokusesha, izitayela zokuxhumana ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, ama-avatar emidlalweni yevidiyo... Konke lokhu kuyingxenye yendlela esiziveza ngayo kwabanye emkhakheni wedijithali, ngezinye izikhathi ngendlela esondelene "nobuntu bethu obungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi" kanye nezinye izikhathi ngendlela engaphelele, eyeqisayo noma ngisho neyinganekwane.
Ukuhlangana phakathi kobunikazi bomuntu siqu kanye nokuhlonza ubuchwepheshe kuyakhula izinselele zokuziphatha nezefilosofiKukangakanani izinga lapho ama-algorithms adala ukusetshenziswa, ingozi, noma idumela ebamba khona izici zobuntu bethu, futhi anciphisa kangakanani umuntu abe yisethi yedatha? Inkinga yobumfihlo kanye nokulawula esinakho (noma esingenakho) phezu kwesithombe esakhiwe ngathi ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wethu wedijithali nakho kuyavela.
Kunoma ikuphi, igebe phakathi kwalokho okwembulwa yincwadi kamazisi noma iphrofayili yezokuxhumana kanye okuhlangenwe nakho okujulile kokuthi singobani Kusalokhu kukhulu kakhulu. Ukumazi ngempela umuntu kudinga isikhathi, ingxoxo, kanye nokunaka indaba yakhe yokuphila, hhayi nje izinto ezimchazayo zangaphandle.
Uma sicabangela lo mbono, ubuwena bomuntu siqu buvela njengento eyinkimbinkimbi lapho i-biology, ingqondo, isiko, umlando, kanye nobuchwepheshe kuhlangana khona. Akuyona nje indaba ye-metaphysics engabonakali noma nje inkinga yangaphakathi yengqondo, kodwa kunalokho uhlaka lapho imibuzo mayelana nemvelo yethu ebalulekile, ukuthi yini esisekelayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuthi yini esiyibophezele kuyo, nokuthi sifisa kanjani ukuzibonakalisa futhi saziwe ezweni elixhumana kakhulu nelihlala lishintsha.
