Ihlathi lesifunda I-Amazonas ibhekene nesiqephu esisha se- ingozi yemvelo Ngemva kokuchitheka kwe-hydrocarbon engqalasizinda yeNorperuvian Pipeline, lesi sigameko senzeke endaweni okunzima ukuyifinyelela yepayipi. Isifunda saseNieva noma iSanta María de Nieva, esifundazweni saseCondorcanqui, lapho imiphakathi eseduze ilandela khona eduze imizamo yokuqapha nokuhlola.
Ukuba khona uwoyela ongahluziwe endaweni ebuthakathaka yase-Amazon uphakamise izexwayiso mayelana nemiphumela engaba khona ku- imithombo yamanzi kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasendaweni. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, izinhlangano ezahlukene zomphakathi ziye zahlanganisa amaqembu akhethekile ukuze anqume ubukhulu bangempela besimo esiphuthumayo, aqinisekise izinyathelo ezisetshenzisiwe, futhi achaze imithwalo yemfanelo ehambisanayo.
Ukuchitheka kwenzeke kuphi futhi kanjani eNorperuvian Pipeline?
Ngokusho kolwazi olusemthethweni olukhishwe yiNational Emergency Operations Center kanye neNational Institute of Civil Defense, lesi sigameko senzeke e- ikhilomitha 393+674 leSigaba II sePhayiphi yaseNorperuvianEsifundeni saseNieva, eCondorcanqui, esifundeni sase-Amazonas. Indawo ethintekile itholakala endaweni yokuwela ipayipi emoyeni, eduze nomgwaqo i- I-Pantaam kanye ne-Alan García Pérez hamlet.
Ngokusho kwemibiko ekhishwe yilezi zinhlangano, isimo esiphuthumayo sezemvelo saqala ngo- NgoMsombuluko, Mashi 30Lesi sigameko senzeke ekuseni kakhulu, yize izimemezelo ezisemthethweni zamenyezelwa emphakathini usuku lonke olulandelayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwaqaliswa izindlela zokuxwayisa nokuxhumanisa phakathi komqhubi wephayiphi kanye nezinhlangano zokusabela.
Inkampani ephethwe nguhulumeni I-Petroperú ibike ukuthi ukuvuza kutholakale cishe ngo-7:40 ekuseni. ngoMsombuluko ofanayo. Ngemva kokuthola i-anomaly emgqeni, isimo sepayipi sahlolwa kanye nokuba khona kwe- ukubhoboza kwepayipi, okwavumela uwoyela ongahluziwe ukuthi ugeleze uye endaweni enehlathi eseduze.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo nokwazisa iziphathimandla, inkampani ibonise ukuthi Isigaba II seNorperuvian Pipeline besingasebenzi kusukela mhla ziyi-12 kuNtulikazi 2024 ngenxa yokwehla kwezitolimende zikawoyela eSiteshini 5. Kodwa-ke, ingqalasizinda yaqhubeka nokubhekwa nokugcinwa, okwavumela ukuthi lesi sigameko sitholakale futhi kuqaliswe izinqubo ezifanele.
Inguqulo kaPetroperú yezehlakalo kanye nezinyathelo ezisheshayo ezithathwe ngemva kokuvuza
Esitatimendeni somphakathi, UPetroperú uthe lokhu kuchitheka kubangelwa ukungenelela kwabantu besithathuLe nkampani ichaze ukuthi umonakalo wepayipi ubangelwe ukubhobozwa ngamabomu kusetshenziswa i- ithuluzi lomshini, okwakungabangela ukuvuza kwe-hydrocarbon endaweni ekhonjisiwe yeSigaba II.
Lapho nje lesi simo esingavamile sesitholakele, inkampani kawoyela kahulumeni yaqalisa ukusebenza kwayo Uhlelo Lokuphendula Ezimweni Eziphuthumayoihlanganisa amaqembu ayo kanye nabasebenzi abangochwepheshe bezinkontileka. La maqembu enze umsebenzi we- ukuvala ipayipi elonakele, ngenhloso yokuvimba ukugeleza kukawoyela ongahluziwe ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu.
Le nkampani igcizelela ukuthi, ngemva komsebenzi wokuqala wezobuchwepheshe, Ukuvuza kwalawulwa endaweni ethinteke ngokushesha.Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, kwabekwa phambili imisebenzi yokulawula phansi, ukufakwa kwezithiyo kanye nokutholwa kwe-hydrocarbon echithekile, ngokuhambisana noMthetho Wokuvikelwa Kwemvelo Wemisebenzi Ye-Hydrocarbon.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uPetroperú wabika ngalesi senzakalo kumphathi omkhulu izinhlangano ezilawulayo neziqondisayoLokhu kufaka phakathi i-Environmental Assessment and Enforcement Agency (OEFA) kanye ne-Supervisory Agency for Investment in Energy and Mine (Osinergmin). Ukuqala kwe izinyathelo zomthetho phambi kweHhovisi Lomshushisi Wezemvelo Okhethekile (i-FEMA), ngenhloso yokuphenya ngokungenelela okuhlosiwe okusolwayo ngokumelene nengqalasizinda.
Le nkampani iphinde yaveza inhloso yayo yokugcina ukusebenzisana neziphathimandla zomphakathi wendawo, kokubili ukunikeza ulwazi mayelana nesigameko kanye nokuhlela izinyathelo zokusekela ezingaba khona ezindaweni ezithintekile kanye nokubhekana nezinkinga zabantu bendawo.
Ukuhlolwa kokulawulwa kwe-OEFA kanye nomthelela emvelweni
I-Environmental Assessment and Enforcement Agency iqinisekisile ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwethimba lobuchwepheshe endaweni yokuchithekaOchwepheshe be-OEFA bebelokhu besendaweni engamakhilomitha angu-393+674 yepayipi, behamba bevakashela indawo ethintekile futhi beqoqa ulwazi ensimini ukuze bathole izinga lomthelela emvelweni.
Imisebenzi eyenziwa yinhlangano ihlanganisa ukuhlonza umthelela Ngokuphathelene nemvelo, ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi ezindaweni zamanzi eziseduze kanye nokuqinisekiswa kwezimo zenhlabathi nezitshalo ezizungeze indawo yokuvuza kuzosiza ekunqumeni ubukhulu bokuchitheka kukawoyela kanye nokusabalala kwawo endaweni yonke.
I-OEFA ikhombisile ukuthi ukungenelela kwayo kuzosiza ukucacisa izimbangela eziqondile zesigameko futhi kunqunywe imithwalo yemfanelo yokuphatha ehambisanayo. Ingxenye yalo msebenzi ihilela ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe izenzo zokuqala zokuphendula Amaphrojekthi enziwa yiPetroperú ahambisana nezinhlinzeko zemithetho yokuvikela imvelo yamanje.
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wasensimini, le nhlangano ifaka imibiko evela kwezinye izikhungo zomphakathi ekuhlolweni kwayo. Kulokhu, ukuxhumana okuvela ku-COEN kanye ne-INDECI mayelana nokuchitheka kwempahla kuhlanganiswe ophenyweni, kanye nobufakazi obuqoqwe endaweni mayelana no ukufika okungenzeka kukawoyela ongahluziwe emifuleni yamanzi eseduze.
Le nhlangano igcizelele ukuthi, uma isigaba sokuqala sokuphatha sesiphelile, izinyathelo zingachazwa ngokunembe kakhudlwana. ukulungiswa kwemvelo okuzodinga ukuqaliswa esikhathini esimaphakathi neside, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinqubo ezingaba khona zokukhipha isijeziso.
Indima ye-COEN ne-INDECI ekuphathweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo
Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokusebenza Eziphuthumayo, esixhunywe ohlelweni lwe- Ukuvikela Umphakathi ePeruInkampani kawoyela yasePeru, ngemigudu yayo esemthethweni, iqinisekisile ukuchitheka kwe-hydrocarbon eNorperuvian Pipeline. Esitatimendeni sayo, le nhlangano ichaze indawo yesigameko e- ikhilomitha 393+674 lendawo yokuwela ipayipi emoyeni Ucacisile ukuthi isimo esiphuthumayo saziswa ngokusemthethweni ngoMashi 31.
I-COEN igcizelele ukuthi, uma lesi sigameko sesibikiwe, IPetroperú yaqalisa ngokushesha uhlelo lwayo lokuphendula eziphuthumayo futhi saqala imizamo yokuvimbela nokuhlanza ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ngale ndlela, iSikhungo sahlala siyisiteshi solwazi esisemthethweni, sihlinzeka ngezibuyekezo ngesimo emazingeni ahlukahlukene kahulumeni.
Ngokwengxenye yayo, i Isikhungo Sikazwelonke Sokuvikela Abantu (INDECI) Isebenzise izinkundla zayo zokuxhumana—kufaka phakathi izinkundla zokuxhumana—ukwabelana ngemininingwane mayelana nokuvela kwesigameko, ikhomba isifunda saseNieva, eCondorcanqui, njengendawo ethintekile yisimo esiphuthumayo. Lokhu kuxhumana kwakuhlanganisa izinkomba eziya ku- umthelela ongaba khona emfudlaneni oseduze kuze kube sezingeni lokubaleka.
Ukubamba iqhaza kwalezi zinhlangano kugxile ku ukuxhumanisa impendulo phakathi kwezikhungoUkuqinisekisa ukugeleza kolwazi ezikhulwini zesifunda nezendawo, futhi uma kudingeka, ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezengeziwe zokuvikela umphakathi emiphakathini eseduze nendawo ethintekile.
Kulesi simo, iziphathimandla zezimo eziphuthumayo zigcizelela ukubaluleka kokugcina ukuqapha njalo ikhwalithi yamanzi kanye nezimo zempilo zabantu, ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo ezincike ngqo emifuleni nasemifuleni ukuze zisetshenziswe ngabantu kanye nemisebenzi yokukhiqiza.
Umthelela ongaba khona emifuleni kanye nokukhathazeka phakathi kwemiphakathi yendawo
Imithombo yezindaba eminingana endaweni ibike ukuthi Kubikwa ukuthi lokhu kuchitheka kwafika emfudlaneni omncane eduze nendawo yasePantaamendaweni lapho iSigaba II sombhobho sitholakala khona. Lolu lwazi, oluyingxenye yemibiko yokuqala, okwamanje lubhekwa yiziphathimandla njengento ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ekuhlolweni kwensimu.
Ukufika kwama-hydrocarbon ekugcineni ku- umzila wamanzi onokugeleza okuphansi Lokhu kubeka engcupheni enkulu kokubili izilwane zasendle zasemanzini kanye nemindeni ethembele kulo mthombo wamanzi emisebenzini yayo yansuku zonke. Imiphakathi yase-Amazon ezungezile ithembele kule mifudlana nemifula ukuze iphuze, ipheke, igeze, futhi itshale imali encane futhi idobe.
Ubufakazi obuqoqwe yiziphathimandla zendawo kanye nabezindaba bubonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulayo ngezingozi zempilo Lokhu kungabandakanya ukuthintana namanzi angcoliswe uwoyela, kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona ezitshalweni nasezilwaneni zasendle endaweni. Abantu bafuna ulwazi olunembile nolufike ngesikhathi mayelana nobungako bokuchitheka kwamanzi kanye nezinyathelo ezizothathwa.
Izikhungo zokuqapha imvelo zikhombisile ukuthi lokhu Imibiko yomphakathi iyingxenye yenqubo yokuhlola epheleleEmpeleni, ubufakazi busebenza njengokufaka okwengeziwe ukuhlonza amaphuzu abalulekile, ukuqondisa izinkambo zobuchwepheshe, kanye nokubeka phambili izenzo zokuhlanza nokuqapha.
Ngesikhathi umsebenzi wasensimini uqhubeka, ukubambisana phakathi kwePetroperú kanye iziphathimandla zendawo kanye nabameleli bomphakathi kuvumela ukuhlela okungcono kwemisebenzi yokusekela, kanye nokuqaliswa kwemisebenzi engenzeka imikhankaso yolwazi kanye nokuvimbela ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kwabantu ezindaweni ezithintekile.
Isimo esidalwe yilokhu kuchitheka kwepayipi iNorperuvian Pipeline siphinde sibeka ubungozi be-Amazon yasePeru ezigamekweni zengqalasizinda ye-hydrocarbon phakathi nengxoxo.Isidingo sokuqinisa imizamo yokuqapha nokulungisa, kanye nokubaluleka kwezimpendulo ezisheshayo nezihlelekile phakathi kwenkampani, iziphathimandla, kanye nemiphakathi, kwaqokonyiswa. Njengoba uphenyo lwe-OEFA, iHhovisi Lomshushisi Womphakathi, kanye nezinhlangano eziphendula eziphuthumayo luqhubeka, izinyathelo zokulungisa imvelo, izijeziso ezingaba khona, kanye nezenzo zokunciphisa umthelela ezimisweni zemvelo kanye nabantu abathembele kuzo ngqo zizochazwa.
