Ukukhuluma ngoLwandle i-Aegean kusho ukukhuluma ngemvelaphi yempucuko yaseNtshonalanga, yolwandle olubone ukushintshana kwamasiko, izimpi, izinganekwane, nezinganekwane ezisayingxenye yobuntu bethu obuhlangene. Phakathi kweGrisi neTurkey, le ngxenye yeMedithera ayizange nje ibe yindawo yezwe kodwa futhi ibe umthambo obalulekile wezohwebo, inkolo, ulwazi, kanye nobuciko. Umuntu akanakukuqonda ukuchuma kwemicabango yamaGreki ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuxhumana kwayo okuseduze nala manzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka agcwele emlandweni.
E- Aegean , izinganekwane, izinto zakudala, nomlando kuyahlangana ngendwangu eyabeka izisekelo zefilosofi, zenhlalo, kanye nezepolitiki zomhlaba njengoba siwazi. Iziqhingi zakhona zabona izivivinyo zokuqala zentando yeningi, ukuqala kwezakhiwo ezinkulu, izinkondlo ezidumile, kanye nokuhweba okukhulu olwandle . Lesi sihloko sizokuhambisa ohambweni oluphelele phakathi kwemiphakathi eyayihlala kuwo, izinganekwane zawo, ifa lawo, kanye nomthelela wawo ohlala njalo.
I-Aegean Sea: indawo, i-geography nokubaluleka kwamasu
ULwandle i-Aegean luhamba phakathi kwenhlonhlo yaseGrisi kanye nogu olusentshonalanga ye-Asia Minor (iTurkey yanamuhla), cishe amakhilomitha angu-600 ubude kanye namakhilomitha angu-400 ububanzi, lulinganiswa kusukela enyakatho kuya eningizimu. Lwakha ingxenye yoLwandle iMedithera, luzungezwe uchungechunge lweziqhingi ezisebenza njengebhuloho lemvelo phakathi kwamazwekazi amabili.
Igama layo livela enkosini yase-Athene u-Aegeus, owathi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, wazibulala ngokuziphonsa olwandle, ekholelwa ukuthi indodana yakhe uTheseus yafa ilwa noMinotaur. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amanzi ase-Aegean abe nendima ebalulekile ekuhambeni nasekuxhumaneni kwamasiko phakathi kwemiphakathi efana neyaseGibhithe, eyaseMesopotamiya, kanye neyaseGrisi.
I-Aegean ngesikhathi seBronze Age: amasiko amaMinoan, amaMycenaean kanye namaCycladic
Phakathi kuka-3000 BC no-1000 BC, uLwandle i-Aegean lwaluyindawo eyinhloko yamasiko amathathu amakhulu aphawula ukuqala komlando wasendulo waseYurophu: iMinoan eCrete, iMycenaean eGrisi, kanye neCycladic eziQhingini zaseCyclades.
- Isiko lamaMinoan: Izinze eKrethe ngeNkathi Yokuqala Neyethusi Yebhulonzi, yayigqame ngezakhiwo zayo ezithuthukisiwe zendlunkulu, igqamisa iSigodlo saseKnossos, kanye nomphakathi ohlelwe ngokwepolitiki onohlelo lokuphatha oluyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba kufakazelwa yizimpawu nezibhebhe ku-Linear A script. Ubuciko bakhe bokuhlobisa, izitsha zobumba nenkolo kwashiya iminonjana eyayiyothonya amaGreki kamuva.
- Impucuko yaseMycenaean: yachuma ezweni laseGreece phakathi kuka-1600 no-1100 BC. AbakwaMycenaean babengamaqhawe nabahwebi abakhulu, futhi ulimi lwabo, oluqoshwe ezibhebheni ze-Linear B, lwaluyisandulela sesiGreki sakudala. Izinqaba ezifana ne-Mycenae kanye ne-Pylos zibonisa izinga lobuchwephesha besiko elibuye lilawule imizila ebalulekile yasolwandle.
- Isiko le-Cycladic: ngaleso sikhathi ekuqaleni kweMinoan, yayihlala eCyclades futhi yayiphawuleka ngomfanekiso wayo wemabula, ikakhulukazi. imifanekiso yayo engokomfanekiso ephambanise izingalo. Iphinde yaphumelela ekukhiqizeni i-obsidian nasekuhwebeni nezinye izifunda zaseMedithera.
La masiko ayengahlukanisiwe: ayehwebelana, abelana ngobuchwepheshe nobuciko, futhi agcina inethiwekhi yobudlelwano bezolwandle okwenza i-Aegean yaba yindawo yokuxubana kwempucuko yangempela.
Ukusebenzelana kwamasiko nezohwebo e-Aegean
Ukuhweba kwadlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko e-Aegean . AmaMinoan athumela izinto zobumba, iwayini, uwoyela, nezimpahla zokunethezeka kwamanye amazwe, kuyilapho engenisa izinsimbi nezinyo lendlovu. AmaMycenaean enza okufanayo futhi andisa ithonya lawo kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Mediterranean, okuhlanganisa iGibhithe, iCyprus, ne-Anatolia.
Lobu budlelwano babusekelwe hhayi ekushintshisaneni ngezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela, kodwa nasekushintshisaneni ngemibono, inkolo, ubuchwepheshe, kanye namasiko . Imizila yokuhweba yayiyimizila yolwazi. Ngakho-ke, izakhi zezithombe zaseGibhithe noma zaseMesopotamiya zatholakala emathempelini ase-Aegean.
Izinhlelo zendlunkulu zaseCrete naseMycenae zahlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kanye nokugcinwa kokusanhlamvu, uwoyela, uboya kanye newayini. Zaphinde zabhala phansi ukuthengiselana kwazo, zibonisa isakhiwo sesifundazwe esithuthukile esisekelwe ekulawulweni kwezinsizakusebenza ezinkulu.
Izinganekwane kanye nomfanekiso wasenganekwaneni ozungeze uLwandle i-Aegean
Umuntu akanakukhuluma nge-Aegean ngaphandle kokukhuluma indawo yayo ebalulekile ezinganekwaneni zamaGreki. Izindaba ezinjengalezi zenzeka lapha:
- Theseus and the Minotaur: indaba yensizwa eyahamba yaya eKrethe ukuyobhekana nenunu esendlini yesigodlo saseKnossos.
- U-Icarus no-Daedalus: owazama ukuphunyuka eKrethe ngokundiza ngamaphiko engcina.
- UJason kanye ne-Argonauts: owahamba lawa manzi efuna uboya begolide.
I-Aegean yayingeyona nje indawo ebonakalayo, kodwa futhi yayiwuphawu: umngcele phakathi kwalokhu okwaziwayo nokungaziwa, isibuko somphefumulo womuntu kanye nokwesaba kwawo kanye nezifiso zawo. UPlato, isibonelo, ubeka ezinye zezingxoxo zakhe—njengeCritias neTimaeus—eziqhingini zase-Aegean, futhi kuzo uveza i-Atlantis njengokubonakaliswa kwefilosofi komqondo kanye nokulahlekile.
Ifa lamasiko laseGreece kanye nokuzalwa kabusha komcabango waseNtshonalanga
Izifundazwe zamaGreki, noma ama-poleis, njenge-Athens, iSparta, iDelphi, neRhodes zachuma ogwini lwase-Aegean . Intando yeningi, ifilosofi, inkulumo, kanye nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zakudala kwakhuliswa lapho. Lokhu kuvuselelwa kwamasiko kwaqala empucukweni yase-Aegean yeNkathi Yethusi.
Izazi zefilosofi ezifana noSocrates noPlato zamukela leli fa futhi zalibumba laba izinhlelo zokucabanga ezisabusa ukuqonda kwethu umhlaba namuhla. Ubuciko, ukulingana, ukuhleleka , kanye nezinganekwane zamukelwa futhi zahlungwa kwaze kwaba yindinganiso yezwe laseNtshonalanga.
Emakhulwini eminyaka kamuva, i-Renaissance yavuselela lelo fa : abaculi base-Italy, ikakhulukazi uMichelangelo, bavuselela umqondo wobuhle wamaGreki asendulo. Umphumela ungabonakala eziqoshweni, emifanekisweni eqoshiwe, ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, kanye nasefilosofini yezepolitiki kuze kube namuhla.
I-Aegean Namuhla: Ezokuvakasha, Amagugu, Nokusimama
Iziqhingi eziningi zase-Aegean ziyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuvakasha , ikakhulukazi eGrisi. ISantorini, iMykonos, iRhodes, iDelos, iCrete, neLesbos ziheha izigidi zezivakashi minyaka yonke, zidonswa yizo zonke izinto kusukela emabhishi ahlanzekile kuya emanxiweni ezinto zakudala kanye namadolobha asendulo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezindawo ezinhlanu ze-UNESCO World Heritage eziqhingini zase-Aegean , njenge-Monastery yaseSt. John kanye noMhume we-Apocalypse ePhatmose, i-Heraion yaseSamos, kanye nesiqhingi saseDelos, okubonisa ukubaluleka komlando kwale ndawo.
Naphezu komthelela wezokuvakasha, imizamo iyaqhubeka yokuvikela kokubili imvelo kanye nefa lamasiko . Amabhishi e-Blue Flag, izindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandle, kanye nezinhlelo zokuvubukula eziqhubekayo zihlose ukulondoloza leli fa lezizukulwane ezizayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iGrisi neTurkey seziqalile ukubambisana ezinhlelweni eziningana zamazwe ngamazwe zokulondoloza ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zasolwandle nokuvimbela ukudoba ngokweqile, okungenye yezinselelo ezinkulu zamanje e-Aegean.
Phakathi kwamanxiwa, izilwandle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nezinganekwane, uLwandle i-Aegean lusifundisa ukuthi isikhathi esidlule asikaze sinyamalale ngempela, kodwa kunalokho siyashintsha ukuze sinikeze incazelo esikhathini samanje . Lulwandle oluqhubeka lukhuluma nathi: ematsheni ethempeli eliwile, ngesimo esigobile sebhodwe lobumba, ngamazwi esazi sefilosofi sakudala esakhiwe kabusha ekilasini lesimanje. Ukuqonda isiko nomlando walo akukhona ngokubheka emuva, kodwa ngokuhlolisisa ngokujulile ukuthi singobani namuhla.
