Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi abantu bakithi bomdabu badleni, hamba nathi ukuze sifunde ngalokhu okuthunyelwe okumangalisayo ukuthi amaMeya adlani nokuthi yini Ukudla kwesiko lamaMaya ngokwe. Ngokusekelwe kokuthi ubani oyenzile nokuthi kungani sisenayo etafuleni lethu. Ungaphuthelwa!
Kwakunjani ukudla kwesiko lamaMaya?
Ukudla kwesiko lamaMaya kwakuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi izakhi ezine: okusanhlamvu, ummbila, ithanga nopelepele. Njengoba amaMayya ayethola izisulu zokudla kwawo, ayenezela le mifino ngezinyoni, izinyamazane noma izinkawu ayezizingela, kanye nezinhlanzi.
Ukudla kwabo ikakhulukazi ama-corn tortilla ane-cereal noma yiziphi izithasiselo ababenazo ababengahamba nazo. Okusanhlamvu, ummbila, nama-squash kubizwa ngokuthi “abazalwane abathathu” ngoba kunikeza zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo lapho kudliwa ndawonye.
Isiko lamaMaya lalivame ukuzingela, ukuqoqa, nokuzilimela ukudla kwabo. Ezinye izinyama ezivame ukuzingela zihlanganisa inkawu, inyamazane, iguana, i-armadillo, i-manatee, ufudu, i-Guinea pig, i-tapir, i-javelin, nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni. Ayedla nokudla okuvela olwandle, njengamalobster, izimfanzi, amagobolondo, ama-mollusk nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi.
AmaMeya athuthukisa ukudla okuningi okudliwa nsuku zonke namuhla. Babengamasiko okuqala okwenza ama-tortilla ommbila futhi basebenzisa izitshalo zabo zikakotapheya ukwenza uhlobo lwasendulo lwe-guacamole.
Baphinde basungula ama-tamales, okungamashubhu ommbila agcwele inkukhu, ingulube nemifino. Futhi, kukholakala ukuthi amaMaya ayengawokuqala awosa ubhontshisi kakhokho ukuze enze ushokoledi, nakuba inguqulo yawo yayingemnandi.
Ukudla kwesiko lamaMayan: ukudla okuyisisekelo
Ukudla kwesiko lamaMaya kwakhula ngezinga elikhulu kanti ezinye zezitshalo ezivamile kwakungupelepele, ukwatapheya, utamatisi, amagwava, uphayinaphu, upopo, amathanga, ubhatata nobhontshisi omnyama, obomvu nomnyama.
AmaMeya ayevame ukuba nesidlo sasekuseni sendabuko esihlanganisa amaqanda aqhutshiwe, ubhontshisi omnyama nophizi. Ukuze bathole amaprotheni, balungisa ummbila ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lokhu kuhluka kuhlanganisa:
- I-atol, iphalishi lommbila ogayiwe abawudla ngopelepele.
- I-Pozol, ingxube yamanzi nemvubelo ukumelana nomsebenzi onzima wezwe
- I-Tamale, evame ukuxutshwa nopelepele oshisayo, inyama, kanye nesipinashi saseMayan, imifino ecebile ngamaprotheni etholakala eGuatemala.
Ukudla okuyisisekelo kwakuwukudla kwenyama nemifino okunembewu yethanga, ama-courgette, nopelepele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kudliwe izinyamazane, ama-armadillo, onogwaja, izinhlanzi, amagundane, iminenke nezibungu zomnyovu.
Ngenxa yemiphumela emisha, kuyaziwa ukuthi inyama yayingabalulekile kakhulu ekudleni kwamaMeya ngaphambi kokuba abaseSpain bethule izinkomo, ama-turkeys, izingulube nezinkukhu.
I-cassava ekudleni kwesiko lamaMayan
Umdumbula ulinywa kusukela ngo-600 BC. C. Eyaziwa nangokuthi umdumbula, ikhiqiza izigaxa ezinkulu ezinothe ngamacarbohydrates. Lesi sigaxa senziwa lula ukugcinwa kwempucuko enkulu njengaleyo yamaMeya. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi se-pre-classic, ukudla kwama-Mayan kukholakala ukuthi kugcizelele umdumbula nomdumbula kunombila.
Ukudla esikweni lamaMayan okusekelwe kummbila
Ummbila wawuyingxenye yezitshalo zezolimo eziyinhloko zamaMeya, uyingxenye eyinhloko yokudla kwesiko lamaMayan. Ummbila wawusetshenziswa futhi udliwe ngezindlela ezahlukene, kodwa wawusene-nixtamalized. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ummbila wawucwiliswe futhi uphekwe ngesisombululo se-alkaline. Ngemva kokufakwa kwe-nixtamalization yommbila, ngokuvamile wawugaywa phezu kwe-metate futhi ulungiswe ngezindlela eziningi.
Ama-Tortilla ayephekwa ekomeni futhi ayesetshenziselwa ukusonga okunye ukudla okunjengenyama noma ubhontshisi. Ama-Tortilla avule amathuba amaningi kakhulu okudala ukudla futhi avumela abantu abavela kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila ukuthi badle ngokukhululeka.
tortilla
Ama-tortilla aseMayan ayenziwa ngenhlama engamasentimitha amathathu noma amane eyayiwugqinsi, okwenza isisekelo esiqinile sesitsha esasizophakelwa kuso.
Lezi zidlo zivame ukuphakelwa uhlobo oluthile lwenyama futhi zihlanganisa ukwatapheya noma isidlo sangasese embuthanweni noma umkhuba.
Tamales
Ama-Tamales ayenziwa ngempuphu, ngokuvamile egcwaliswa, egoqwa futhi eshunqiswe ekhoba lommbila. Kukholakala ukuthi zidalwe ngoba bekulula ukuzithwala.
Njengezinye izitsha eziningi ezithandwayo zalesi siko, i-tamale yayihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kommbila noma amakhoba kabhanana ukuze kubiliswe futhi kuthuthukiswe inqubo yokupheka kokudla.
Ngemva kokupheka, i-tamale yavulwa futhi imbozwe nge-sauce encane; Ama-Tamales angakhonzwa phakathi nemikhosi yamaholidi kaMeyi.
Nakuba lezi zitsha zingadliwa njengoba zinjalo, ezinye izithako zengezwe ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kokunambitheka. Lezi zinongo zazihlanganisa upelepele, ukhokho, u-anyanisi wasendle, nosawoti.
chocolate
I-cocoa itholakala emazweni ahlala abantu baseMayans, ababa ngabokuqala ukuthatha imbewu yezithelo futhi bayosa ukuze benze ushokoledi oshisayo.
Ngokungafani nempucuko yesimanje, amaMayya awazange enze imigoqo kashokoledi noma engeze ushukela noma ubisi kukhokho. AmaMayans athatha ushokoledi njenge-elixir yomkhosi futhi njengesithuthukisi ukunambitheka.
Ubhontshisi kakhokho wawusetshenziselwa ukwenza inguqulo kashokoledi oshisayo lapho ubhontshisi wawugazingwa khona emanzini ukwenza isiphuzo esisetshenziswa njenge-mood booster.
Lesi siphuzo sasiphuzwa nangezikhathi zemikhosi ngoba ngenxa yalesi siko ukhokho kwakuyisipho esingcwele esivela konkulunkulu. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwawo ushukela nobisi, ushokoledi oshisayo wamaMaya wawubaba futhi unegwebu.
Isitshalo sikakhokho, esihunyushwa ngokwezwi nezwi ngokuthi ukudla konkulunkulu, sasithandwa yizo zonke izigaba zomphakathi zabantu baseMeya.
Ngenxa yamandla ayo avuselelayo kanye ne-aphrodisiac, imibhangqwana kuleli siko yayiphuza lesi siphuzo esishisayo ngesikhathi somshado kanye nemikhosi yomshado.
ukwatapheya kanye guacamole
Ukwatapheya, odabuka eningizimu yeMexico naseGuatemala, uye wathandwa amasiko ahlukene ngenxa yokunambitheka kwawo okucebile nokuthungwa okunokhilimu; kwakuyingcebo yamaMayan etshaliwe. Ukwatapheya wagoqwa wahlanganiswa nopelepele oyinsimbi noma u-anyanisi, kwenza i-guacamole yakudala.
Ukudla kwamaMeya
Lesi sizwe sasiwumphakathi wezolimo futhi besaziwa ngokuthi "amadoda ommbila". Ummbila, noma njengoba ubizwa kanjalo ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko, elithi “Ixim” lalingenye yokudla okuyisisekelo kwamaMeya, futhi namuhla lisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama- tortilla, i-tamale, i-atole, i-pozole nezinye izinhlobo zesinkwa.
Namuhla lesi siko sesamukelwe futhi, njengamaMeya, ummbila uye waba yisisekelo sezitsha ezithandwa kakhulu e-Central American cuisine.
Okunye okuyisisekelo sokudla kweMayan kanye nomthombo oyinhloko wamaprotheni kwakungubhontshisi, ngolimi lwendabuko abizwa ngokuthi “bu'ul”. Ayechotshozwa futhi asakazwa kuma-tortilla ukuze kwenziwe ama-taco.
AmaMayans abuye alungisa futhi adla ubhontshisi ophekiwe esobho, awasebenzisa njengofulawa ngisho nanjengokunamathisela ukugcwalisa ama-tamales asongwe ngamaqabunga ama-maxán.
Adleni amaMaya?
Nakuba amasiko namasiko amaningi aphathelene nomphakathi wasendulo wamaMaya engaziwa, izingxenye zesiko labo zibekwe isikhathi futhi ingxenye ebalulekile esaphila nanamuhla ukudla ababekudla nakho.
Izidlo eziningi eziyisisekelo zisadliwa njalo emazweni afana neMexico, iBelize, neGuatemala, lapho amaMeya ayebusa izindawo ezinkulu ngesikhathi sawo.
Nakuba ukudla kungase kube nezimpande zasendulo, ukudla okumnandi okubalwe ngezansi kusabalulekile nanamuhla.
AmaMayans asendulo athola lokhu kudla emakhulwini eminyaka edlule, kodwa lokhu kudla kusatholakala emakhishini amaningi asekhaya, kuncane kakhulu ezindaweni zokudlela namuhla.
I-Omelette ye ummbila
Ama-tortilla ommbila alula kodwa amnandi enziwe ngezandla, enziwe ngenhlama yommbila ogayiwe futhi abhakwa kuhhavini obaswa ngokhuni noma kumakhola endabuko, abe ukudla okuyisisekelo kwamaMayya omdabu amakhulu eminyaka.
Ama-tortilla ommbila anezelwa kakhulu ekudleni kusukela enyameni nemifino eyosiwe kuya elayisi eliyisisekelo nobhontshisi.
Ama-tortilla amasha, enziwe ngezandla asadingeka kakhulu ezikhathini zanamuhla, ayingxenye yezitsha ezimnandi njengama-enchilada nama-tacos, futhi ngezinye izikhathi aze ajatshulelwe ngaphandle kwe-salsa entsha.
I-Avocados
Ukwatapheya uthandwa kakhulu kunangaphambili eminyakeni yamuva, kodwa isithelo esihlwabusayo sesihlonishwa amakhulu eminyaka, siqala ngamaMayans asendulo.
Babewuthanda ukwatapheya ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okukhilimu kanye ne-nutty flavour. AmaMayya ayezazisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zikakwatapheya futhi enza uhlobo lokuqala lwe-guacamole ngokuhlanganisa ukwatapheya no-anyanisi, ujusi kalamula, nopelepele oshisayo; Namuhla, izinguqulo eziningi zifaka izithako ezinjengotamatisi, i-coriander, nesweli.
Ubhontshisi
Ubhontshisi nawo wawubhekwa njengobalulekile; Izinhlobo ezahlukene zikabhontshisi ziye zatshalwa futhi zasetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokudla kwamaMayan. Ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezibalulekile, kuye kwatshalwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezithelo nemifino, okuhlanganisa utamatisi, ukwatapheya, ugwava, upopo, ithanga, uphayinaphu nobhatata.
Amakhadi
Ngaphezu kwamasiko, amaMayya nawo adla izinhlobo ezahlukene zenyama; amaMaya ayethola inyama yawo ngokuyinhloko ngokuzingela.
AmaMayans azingela izilwane ezinkulu njengezinyamazane, kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoni njengamaturkey zasendle, ama-partridges, izigwaca namadada asendle, kanye nezinye izilwane ezinjengoxamu nama-armadillo.
Ukuze azingele izilwane, amaMayya ayesebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamathuluzi, njengezibhamu ze-BB, imicibisholo nemicibisholo, nezicupho.
Babedla nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane zasolwandle ngokuqoqa nokuzingela, noma ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa emifuleni nasezindaweni ezisogwini, ikakhulukazi izinhlanzi, ama-lobster, izimfanzi, izinkalankala nezimbaza, ezomisiwe, zosiwe futhi zifakwe usawoti.
chocolate
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isihlahla sikakhokho sidabuka ezindaweni lapho amaMeya ake abusa khona, kunengqondo ukuthi aqale athola umlingo wale pod.
Bagazinga imbewu ukuze benze uhlobo lokuqala lukashokoledi oshisayo, olujatshulelwa ngesikhathi semikhosi. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukhokho wathunyelwa onkulunkulu njengesibusiso, futhi basebenzisa ubhontshisi njengemali.
Ngemva kokuba abaseSpain bethola lesi siphuzo lapho behlasela izindawo zokuhlala zamaMaya ekhulwini le-XNUMX, basithanda, bafaka ubisi noshukela base bethula eYurophu, lapho ukuthandwa kwaso kwakhula ngokushesha.
Uma uthole lesi sihloko mayelana namaMayans sithakazelisa, sikumema ukuthi ujabulele lezi ezinye: