Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye nomsebenzi womuntu

Kungani ithonya lomuntu kulezi zinguquko lingangabazeki?

Imbangela enkulu yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu isaqhubeka nokuba abamba ukushisa kanye nemisebenzi yabantu. Lokhu kukhulisa ukugcwala emkhathini kwamanye amagesi asevele ekhona endalweni, ikakhulukazi:

• I-Carbon dioxide (CO2): ukukhishwa kwayo okubangelwa ukushiswa kwamalahle, uwoyela negesi kanye nokugawulwa kwamahlathi.
• UMethane: Ukufuya ngokujulile kunomthelela ekwandeni kwamazinga e-methane, akhiqizwa izinkomo nezimvu ngesikhathi sokugaya.
• I-nitrous oxide: Ukungcola kuyanda uma kusetshenziswa umanyolo wenitrogen nangenxa yokushiswa kwamalahle, uwoyela negesi.
• amagesi e-fluorinated: ekhishwa imishini kanye nemikhiqizo esebenzisa la magesi. Lokhu kukhishwa kubangela umphumela we-greenhouse ophindwe izikhathi ezingu-23.000 kunalowo obangelwa yi-CO2.

Ngakho-ke i-carbon dioxide eyenziwe umuntu iyisici esiyinhloko ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Ngo-2020 ukugxila emkhathini kudlule izinga langaphambi kwezimboni ngo-48% (ngaphambi kuka-1750).

Nokho, njengoba nje umuntu eyimbangela, naye angaba ikhambi. Ukwehliswa okukhulu nokuqhubekayo kokukhishwa kwe-CO2 namanye amagesi abamba ukushisa kungakhawulela imiphumela esezivele zenzeka.

amahle landscape umfula nezintaba

• Khulisa emazingeni okushisa: ngokusho kwe-European Commission. Iminyaka eyishumi ka-2011-2020 ibishisa kakhulu kunawo wonke emlandweni, ngezinga lokushisa lomhlaba wonke elingu-1,1°C ngaphezu kwamazinga angaphambi kwezimboni ngo-2019.
• ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa: Iqhwa lasolwandle i-Arctic lehle ngesilinganiso esingu-12,85% ngeshumi leminyaka njengoba ukuncibilika kwe-permafrost kuqhubeka. Ukulahleka kwesizini kwekhava yeqhwa kanye nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa namaqhwa.
• Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle: Izinga lolwandle elilinganiselwe liye lenyuka ngesilinganiso samamilimitha angu-3,3 ngonyaka kusukela ngo-1870. EMedithera, isibonelo, amakhilomitha-skwele angu-2100 wezindawo ezisogwini zisengozini yokucwiliswa ulwandle, ngokungabikho kokungenelela kokunciphisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
• Ukusatshalaliswa kwezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: amagagasi okushisa, umhlaba nolwandle, izikhukhula, iziphepho ezinamandla zasezindaweni ezishisayo, isomiso kwezinye izifunda ezibeka ingcindezi kwezolimo, izitshalo nezilwane ziya ngokuvama.
• Ukulahleka kwezinto eziphilayoUkushintsha kwesimo sezulu kusongela izilwane nezitshalo eziningi. Zisuka endaweni eyodwa ziye kwesinye ukuze ziphile, zibangele umonakalo ongenakubalwa ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni wonke. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe okuthakazelisayo nonemininingwane, ungathintana amaqiniso ajabulisayo mayelana nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke.

Imiphumela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu ithinta iplanethi yonke, kodwa ingaba yini imiphumela ezweni lakithi ikakhulukazi?

Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu eSpain kuyisihloko sokuhlaziywa kwengozi yi-CMCC (Isikhungo Se-Euro-Medithera Sokuguquguquka Kwesimo Sezulu) esifunde izimo ezihlukahlukene zezwe lethu ngombono wezingozi nezindawo zokungenelela.

Ngokuphathelene nesimo sezulu, ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kuze kufike ku-2 ° C kulinganiselwa esikhathini sika-2021-2050 (uma kuqhathaniswa no-1981-2010), okuyinto embi kakhulu i-5 ° C. Ngenkathi yenaImvula yasehlobo iyancipha ezindaweni ezimaphakathi neziseningizimu, kodwa izehlakalo ezinemvula enamandla ziyanda. Kuzo zonke izimo ezizayo, inani lezinsuku ezifudumele nezikhathi ngaphandle kwemvula liyakhula.

Yandisa ingozi

Lezi zici ezimbili, ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa nokuncipha kwemvula, zandisa izingozi ezindaweni eziningana:

• ingozi edolobheni: amagagasi okushisa aba mabi kakhulu edolobheni, akhuphule amazinga okushisa afike ku-+5/10°C uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindawo futhi abhebhethekisa ikhwalithi yomoya kanye nokungcola. Ingozi yezikhukhula iyanda futhi edolobheni ngenxa yokungalawuleki kahle kwezindawo zasemadolobheni, izici zezwe kanye ne-geohydrological, kanye nenhlabathi engenakunyakaziswa. Imiphumela iphinde ibe nomthelela empilweni nokuphepha kwezakhamizi.
• ingozi ye-hydrogeological: Amazinga okushisa aphezulu asheshisa ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kanye nenani lemvula enamandla enetha ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu linyusa ingozi yokudilika kwenhlabathi.
• Ingozi emithonjeni yamanzi: inani lamanzi atholakalayo liyancipha, ukuncintisana okwandayo phakathi kwemikhakha (ezokuvakasha, izimboni, ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, ezolimo), kanye nezinga eliphezulu nalo liyaphazamiseka, izikhukhula empeleni zandisa ukuthathwa kwezakhi kanye nokungcola emizimbeni yamanzi ahlanzekile namanzi ahlanzekile Iziqiwi ezisogwini ezingaphansi komhlaba ukuchayeka kakhudlwana ekunyukeni kukasawoti kasawoti.
• Ubungozi bomkhakha wezolimo: Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa nokuncipha kwenani lemvula eliphelele ngonyaka kuthinta ukutholakala kwamanzi, umjikelezo wempilo yezitshalo, kanye nenhlalakahle yemfuyo. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezixazululo ezingaba khona zokufudumala komhlaba, vakashela izixazululo ezingaba khona.
• Ingozi yomlilo wehlathi: kwandisa ingozi yomlilo (20%), ubude besikhathi somlilo (+20-40 izinsuku/unyaka) kanye nendawo embozwe imililo (+21-43%). Ukwengeza, lapho izindawo ezishile ziba zinkulu, ziba zinkulu ukukhiqizwa kwe-CO2 kanye nezinhlayiyana ezinemithelela yezempilo.

Okokugcina, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu nakho kunomthelela omubi emnothweni nasemphakathini. "Zingabiza kuze kufike ku-8% we-GDP ngomuntu ngamunye, zikhulise umehluko phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu, phakathi kwezingxenye ezimpofu kakhulu nezicebe kakhulu zabantu, futhi zigcizelele uchungechunge lwemikhakha yamasu eSpain" (kusuka ku-Analysis of Risks). we-CMCC).

Mayelana nezixazululo zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu emhlabeni, i Inkomfa Yamaqembu 2015 (COP 21) yamukele Isivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe SaseParis phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-UN ngezinjongo zesikhathi eside zokubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuzuza ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni.

En I-COP27 NgoNovemba 2022, kwaxoxwa ngezinye iziqophamlando endleleni yokufeza izinhloso zaseParis. Kusukela ohlelweni lokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi emhlabeni ngo-2030, kuya ekuthuthukisweni kwezingxoxo zokuvumelana nezimo emhlabeni wonke kanye nokusekela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo nokuqina, ukusekela amazwe asafufusa ukuthi abhekane nakho. emonakalweni omubi kakhulu osuselwe enkingeni yesimo sezulu (“Ukulahlekelwa Nokulimala”), kuze kufike esihlokweni semalimboleko esesivele isunguliwe (amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-100 ngesikhathi sika-2020-2025) kanye nalezo ezisazochazwa (umgomo omusha wokuxhasa ngezimali isimo sezulu ngemva kuka-2025).

Indlela eya phambili ye-decarbonization iqala ngokushintsha kwamandla, uguquko olusuka emithonjeni yamandla esekelwe kuphethiloli iye emithonjeni evuselelekayo engenawo ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyiziro. I ukufakwa kukagesi yokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa nokuhamba, nayo ihamba ngale ndlela. Imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu isivele icacile, njengoba kunjalo nedatha yezibikezelo zesikhathi esizayo, okudingekayo ngaphezu kwakho konke uguquko lwamasiko, oluqala emphakathini futhi nakubantu ngabanye.

Ngakho-ke yini okufanele uyenze ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngabanye futhi nsuku zonke? Wonke umuntu unethuba lokukhawulela imiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngezenzo ezithile zomuntu ngamunye, ezifingqiwe lapha yi-UN:

• Ukonga amandla ekhaya: Ukuvala amasistimu okushisisa nawokupholisa umoya, kusetshenziswa izibani ze-LED kanye namadivayisi kagesi asebenzisa kancane amanye amathiphu awusizo empilweni yansuku zonke.
• Hamba ngezinyawo, ngebhayisikili noma sebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi: ukusiza ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-CO2.
• udle imifino eminingi: Imifino, izithelo, okusanhlamvu okuphelele, okusanhlamvu, amantongomane kanye nembewu kunomthelela omncane emvelweni kunenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi.
• Cabanga ngendlela ohamba ngayo:Izindiza zikhiqiza amagesi abamba ukushisa okukhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukundiza kancane kungenye yezindlela ezisheshayo zokunciphisa umthelela wakho wendawo. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nomthelela wemisebenzi yabantu, bheka imisebenzi yabantu.
• lahla ukudla okuncane: Ukusebenzisa okuthengayo kanye nokwenza umquba okusalile kusho ukungamoshi izinsiza namandla osetshenziselwe ukutshala, ukukhiqiza, ukupakisha nokuthutha ukudla.
• Nciphisa, sebenzisa kabusha, lungisa futhi ugaywe kabusha: ukuze sivikele isimo sezulu, singathenga izinto ezimbalwa. Thenga isandla sesibili, ulungise esingakwazi futhi ugaye kabusha.
• Shintsha umthombo wamandla wendlu: Uma kungenzeka, kungcono ukushintshela emithonjeni evuselelekayo efana nomoya noma amandla elanga. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezixazululo zokufudumala komhlaba, vakashela.
• Shintshela emotweni kagesi: Izimoto zikagesi zisiza ekunciphiseni ukungcoliswa komoya. Ziphinde zikhiqize ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuncane kakhulu kunezimoto ezisebenzisa uphethiloli noma udizili.
• khetha imikhiqizo Iyahlonipha imvelo: izinketho zokuthenga nazo zibalulekile. Ukuthenga kanjani ukudla kwendawo kanye nenkathi yonyaka kanye nasezinkampanini ezisebenzisa izinsiza ngendlela efanele.

Isenzo sokugcina, kodwa hhayi okuncane, ukwenza izwi lizwakale, ukukholisa abanye ukuthi bangenelele mathupha futhi benze umehluko ekhaya nasemphakathini.