I-Mars iyiplanethi yesine evela eLangeni futhi eyesibili encane kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwelanga, ngemuva kwe-Mercury. Yaqanjwa ngegama likankulunkulu wempi wamaRoma, futhi yaziwa nangokuthi "iPlanethi Ebomvu" ngenxa yombala obomvu we-iron oxide ebusweni bayo. Isihloko sokujikeleza nokuguquka kwe-Mars yisihloko esithakazelisayo esizosihlola kulesi sihloko.
Izici zeMars
Nokho, kubalulekile ukugqamisa ezinye zezici zale planethi ukuze uhumushe izinga lokujikeleza nokuhumusha kwe-Mars.
1. Iplanethi yeTelluric
I-Mars ichazwa njengeplanethi yasemhlabeni enomoya omncane we-carbon dioxide, izinyanga ezimbili ezincane, kanye nesimo esingajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, lawa ma-satellite, aziwa ngokuthi i-Phobos ne-Deimos, angabanjwa ama-asteroid, afana ne-Trojan asteroid Eureka, ngokusho kososayensi.
2. Ukufana noMhlaba
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izici zayo zobuso zikhumbuza imigodi yenyanga, izigodi, izingwadule, ngisho neqhwa elisezindaweni ezibandayo elitholakala eplanethini yethu. Ngezinye izikhathi iMars ibhekwa njengeplanethi okuhlalwa kuyo.
3. Isikhathi sokujikeleza kwe-Mars
Isigaba sokujikeleza kanye nemijikelezo yezinkathi zeplanethi iMars kufana noMhlaba, njengoba ugesi yiwona obangela ukwakheka kwezinkathi.
4. Inentabamlilo
IMars iyikhaya le- Olympus Mons, intaba-mlilo enkulu kunazo zonke kanye nentaba yesibili ende kunazo zonke eyaziwayo ohlelweni lwelanga. Iphinde ibe neValles Marineris, enye yezigodi ezindala kakhulu ezaziwayo ohlelweni lwelanga.
5. I-Boreal Basin
I-flat Boreal Basin, etholakala ngqo enyakatho yezwe, ihlanganisa u-40% womhlaba futhi kungenzeka ukuthi ibangelwe umthelela omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi abaningi baveze ukuthi ukubukeka kwayo kungafana neplanethi engenazo izinto eziphilayo, okuyiphutha elingalungile.
6. Amasimu eDune
Amasimu ezindunduma zaseMars ayaqhubeka nokubunjwa umoya waseMars, iziqongo zeqhwa ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinamandla okushintsha ngezinkathi zonyaka, futhi kubonakala sengathi kunezikhukhula ezincane zamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka.
7. Ubudlelwano nesayensi yezinkanyezi
Ososayensi abaningi baye bahlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukuphila ku-Mars, futhi sekuhleliwe ukuhlola kwezinkanyezi esikhathini esizayo, okuhlanganisa umsebenzi we-NASA we-Mars ka-2020 kanye nomsebenzi we-ESA we-ExoMars. Sikumema ukuthi ufunde kabanzi ngohambo oluya ku-Mars kanye nemiphumela yalo.
8. Indaba yamanzi
Amanzi acwebezelayo awakwazi ukuba khona ebusweni beMars ngenxa yokucindezela kwawo okuphansi komoya , okungalawuleka ngokuphindwe kayi-100 kunoMhlaba, ngaphandle kwezifunda eziphansi isikhathi esifushane.
9. Iplanethi Ephezulu
I-Mars ibhekwa njengenye yamaplanethi amaningi asendaweni yonke emikhulu kuneplanethi yethu, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi akukho lutho oluncane futhi oluncane ngenxa yokuzungeza kwayo, ngoba ayilokothi idlule eMhlabeni eduze kwenkanyezi yenkosi. Izikhathi zabo azivalwanga kahle, iqiniso okulula ukulibonakalisa ngokwejometri.
Ukujikeleza nokuhumusha kwe-Mars
Ibanga eliphakathi kweMars neLanga lingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-230 , kanti isikhathi salo sokuzungeza siyizinsuku zoMhlaba ezingu-687. Usuku lwelanga lwaseMars lude kunoloMhlaba; uma sikhuluma iqiniso: amahora angu-24, imizuzu engu-39, kanye nemizuzwana engu-35,244. Lokhu kubonisa ngokusobala ukuthi unyaka waseMars ulingana neminyaka yoMhlaba engu-1,8809, okulingana nezinsuku ezingu-320 namahora angu-18,2.
I-orbit yeplanethi i-Mars
Umjikelezo weplanethi iMars uthambekele ku-25,19° uma kuqhathaniswa nendiza yayo eyindilinga, okufana nokuthambekela kwe-axial yoMhlaba.<sup>20</sup> Ngenxa yalokho, iMars inezinkathi ezifana noMhlaba ; nokho, zinde cishe kabili ngoba isikhala sayo sokuzungeza sikhulu kakhulu. Ngokomongo womjikelezo wayo, kuyathakazelisa ukukhuluma ngesizathu ngemuva kokuhlukaniswa kwePluto njengeplanethi.
Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, i-Mars inezici ezimbalwa eziyenza ibe iplanethi ehluke ngokuphawulekayo, njengoba icabangela ukutholakala kwe-orbital okungaba ngu-0,09ː87, indawo enembayo kakhulu, phakathi kwe-aphelion yayo kanye ne-perihelion yayo, okuholela ku-trajectory eveza le nkanyezi. nenkosi yenkanyezi cishe amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-42,4.
Ezinkanyezini ezingadingekile zesimiso sonozungezilanga yi-Mercury kuphela ebonisa ukunethezeka okukhulu kwe-orbital.
Ngenxa yolwazi oluningi olunikeza ulwazi oluhle kakhulu oluvela kososayensi abagunyaziwe uTycho Brahe, uKepler, isayensi nomphakathi bakwazile ukunquma ukuthi kuveze ukungabi bikho futhi beza ukuzodalula imvelo engashiyiwe yemizila ye-astral, ebonakala kuze kube yileso sikhathi njengendilinga.
Uhambo phakathi kweMars nomhlaba
Uhambo oluphakathi kweMars noMhlaba lungashintsha ukuqonda kwethu izikhundla zazo ezihambisanayo. Iqiniso elilodwa elimangaza ngempela ochwepheshe ukuthi uma sicabanga ngamabanga angaba amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-399, kuvela umuzwa wokuxhumana phakathi kwemihlaba eminingana ohlelweni lwelanga. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuphenya kabanzi ngezinto ezitholwe yi-NASA ezikhanyise iMars.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi uma kukhulunywa ngalezo mizila enamabanga amafushane, phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingama-90 nezingu-56, ziveza isikhathi eside esiyizinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili nengxenye maqondana nalezo zithiyo ezingaba khona phakathi kwazo..
Kulolu hlelo lwemibono, ngesikhathi lapho kubalwa khona isikhathi esinebanga elingamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-60, ububanzi obubhalisiwe be-Mars buvame ukuba ngu-25, lokhu kuyidatha yephoyinti ye-dimension -2,8, ngaleso sikhathi okuyiplanethi ekhazimula kakhulu ngaphandle kweplanethi iVenus. Uma kubhekwa ubuncane bembulunga ye-Martian, imininingwane yayo ye-telescopic ikhombisa ukusebenziseka phakathi kwezikhathi ezandulela nokulandela imiqhudelwano.
Ngo-2003, iMars yasondela kakhulu emhlabeni eminyakeni engaba ngu-60.000 55,76, ngamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-XNUMX kuphela. Isikhathi sokugcina sasisesimweni esiseduze, ngokusho kwezibalo zososayensi wase-Italy u-Vitagliano.
Iziphetho eziphathelene nokujikeleza nokuhumusha kwe-Mars
Siyazi ukuthi uma izinkanyezi ziqhelelene neLanga, kulapho kukhulu khona umjikelezo wokuwenza. I-Mars itholakala phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-230 maqondana neLanga, inesikhathi sokujikeleza esiyizinsuku ezingama-687 emhlabeni wethu. Ngalo mqondo, leli banga alithinti kuphela isikhathi esihlukile ekwenzeni umjikelezo wokujikeleza nokuhumusha kwe-Mars, kodwa futhi kubangela isimo sezulu.
Ukujikeleza kwe-Mars
Elinye iphuzu okufanele licatshangelwe ngokungangabazeki ukujikeleza kweMars , futhi ukuze sikubale, umuntu kufanele aphethe ngokuthi ngenxa yamabala angabonakala ngokungangabazeki engxenyeni ngayinye yendawo yayo, ngokuvamile anombala omnyama (omnyama) futhi achazwe kahle, ayizindawo ezinhle kakhulu lapho ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene bethole khona idatha enhle.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngonyaka we-1666, uCassini wayisungula ku-24 h 40 min, inani eliseduze kakhulu neleqiniso. Ngalo mqondo, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi uma isikhathi seminyaka engama-300 sibalwa kusuka emicabangweni ehlukahlukene ebhekise kwiplanethi ye-Mars, kungatholakala ukuthi banikezwe umphumela wokusungula inani lamahora angama-24 cishe imizuzu engama-37 futhi. ukuze sibe neqiniso kakhulu , cishe ngamasekhondi angu-22,7 ukuya osukwini lwezinkanyezi. I-Mars izungeza ngokuphambene newashi, njengoMhlaba.
Isikhathi seLanga esijwayelekile sithatha amahora angama-24, imizuzu engama-41 nemizuzwana eyi-18,6. Usuku lwe-solar ku-Mars lufana nalolo lwasemhlabeni, ukuphikelela okuguquguqukayo. Kodwa-ke, ku-Mars umehluko mkhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwayo okungavamile.
Ukuhunyushwa kwe-Mars
Ekugcineni, unyaka eMars uhlala izinsuku ezingu-687 zoMhlaba. Okusho ukuthi, le planethi ineminyaka emibili yezinsuku ezingu-668 njalo eminyakeni emithathu yezinsuku ezingu-669. Lokhu kuhlobene nokujikeleza kanye nokuguquka kweMars.
