La ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi Kuyindima ebalulekile ezicini zalezi zindikimba zasemkhathini. Yingakho, ukuze sidale kakhudlwana, sizocabangela iphuzu lokukhanya elivame ukuvela ngokungalindelekile kude.
Ingabe kukhulunywa ngesibani esingamamitha ayi-100 noma isibani esisebenza kahle sokusesha esingamakhilomitha ayi-10? Ebumnyameni obuphelele bobusuku, lapho kungekho msindo oqoshiwe, akunakwenzeka ukuthola ibanga lephoyinti elikhazimulayo. Ubunzima bufana nalokho engikwaziyo ngendikimba ngayinye yasezulwini.
ukukhanya kwenkanyezi
Inkanyezi efiphele eduze neplanethi yethu ingagqama ukudlula inkanyezi ekhanya kakhulu ekude. Ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ngokucacile phakathi kwemiqondo emibili: isandiso esicatshangwayo esibala ukukhanya kwenkanyezi evela emhlabeni wethu kanye nobukhulu obungenamibandela obulinganisela isamba esisebenzayo sokukhanya esivezwa inkanyezi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezici zalezi zinkanyezi, ungahlola isihloko izinhlobo zezinkanyezi futhi ungakwazi futhi uthintane mayelana nebula, njengoba bobabili behlobene.
Ubukhulu obucatshangwayo buncike endleleni yeplanethi futhi alifaki isandla ngokuqondile ocwaningweni ngobunjalo bayo. Isandiso esingenamibandela sisuka engqikithini ngokwayo futhi singasixwayisa ngesimo somzimba okukhulunywa ngawo, futhi yilokhu okufanele sikusungule ngokuhlukile.
Izigaba ze-spectral zezinkanyezi
Isimo semihwamuko engalingani endaweni yenkanyezi sinamathele ngokuqinile kumazinga okushisa abusa kuleso sifunda. Ngale ndlela, i-spectra ngayinye yezinkanyezi ezimbili ezinamazinga okushisa angalingani inikeza izinhlobo ezivumela ukuthi zihlukaniswe ngokucacile. Le mpahla yaholela ososayensi bangekhulu le-19 nelama-20 ukuba bahlukanise izinkanyezi ngezigaba ezihlukene, ngokulandela ukubukeka kwazo. Ukuhlolisisa lezi zigaba kungacebisa ukuqonda kwethu ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi.
Ukucaca okusheshayo kucaciswa njengenani lezinhlayiya endaweni yeyunithi ngayinye kanye nesikhathi seyunithi kunqwaba. Ibalwa ngamayunithi aphikisanayo weyunithi yamandla ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi. Ukugcwalisa lesi samba ngesikhathi esisodwa kufeza le ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi iqediwe, ebalwa ngamayunithi aphikisanayo esigaba esinamandla. Futhi, uma lesi samba siphezulu, kungenzeka ukuthi izenzakalo ezikhangayo zizobangelwa ukuhlolwa kwamandla aphezulu.
Ukufundwa kwayo kubalulekile ukuqonda hhayi kuphela imvelo yayo, kodwa futhi namaqoqo nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini eziyingxenye yendawo yonke njenge imilaza yaseningizimu.
ukukhanya kwesikhala
Ku isayensi yezinkanyezi, ukukhanya noma ukukhazimula, akukhona okungaphezu kwamandla (ukwenyuka kohlamvu ngeyunithi ngayinye yesizini) avezwa kuzo zonke izimo yibhizinisi lendawo. Ihlobene ngokuqondile nokwandiswa okungenamibandela kwenkanyezi. Lesi samba asiqini uma kuboniswa izikhathi ezinde kakhulu, njengoba inkanyezi ishintsha ukucaca kwayo ngokwesimo etholakala kuyo, kodwa ihlala iqinile ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zomuntu ngamunye.
Nakuba kungase kubangele ukuphazamiseka, kusayensi yezinkanyezi ukukhanya kuwumqondo ohlukile kulowo wokukhanya; Ukukhanya kuncike kakhulu ebangeni esikulo ukusuka emzimbeni ongashintshi, kuyilapho ukukhanya kuyingxenye yesayensi yemvelo. Ukuze uthole ukuqonda okungcono, kuhle ukwenza kanjalo ngokubheka i-observation of the imithala efihliwe ezembula izimfihlo mayelana nalezi zici.
Ucwaningo lwe isibhakabhaka ebusuku Iphinde ihlobane nokuqonda ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi kanye nomthelela wako ekubhekweni kwezinkanyezi.
Ukubhala amakhodi wendawo
Kusayensi yezinkanyezi, ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo ukuthayipha kwezinkanyezi ngokusekelwe ezinhlobonhlobo zazo zethunzi. Imisebe ye-electromagnetic yasekuqaleni yenkanyezi ihlolwa ngokuhlukaniswa kwayo ngomzimba we-prismatic noma ngenethiwekhi ephambukayo ku-spectrum, ngaleyo ndlela kuvezwe uthingo lwamathoni axutshwe nemigqa yokukhulelwa.
Ukuhlelwa nge-spatial gravitational axis
Isahlulelo sokuqala siwukumelwa noma ukuhlukaniswa kokugxila kokudonsela phansi kwendawo, okungukuthi, uma bakha ingxenye yombuso wezinkanyezi. Izinkanyezi ezidala ucezu lwesistimu yenkanyezi (emele i-axis yamandla adonsela phansi yendawo yonke) zibizwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi ezivamile. Izinkanyezi ezingahlanganisi ucezu lwesistimu yezinkanyezi (kude ne-spatial gravitational axis) ziyizinkanyezi eziqokiwe ezingahlangani.
I-Body Star Programming ngokubuka
Uma inkanyezi ijwayelekile (yakha ingxenyena yesistimu yendawo yonke) yona ingaba yizinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo. Izinkanyezi ezimaphakathi yilezo zinkanyezi zesistimu eziza njengomnyombo wamandla adonsela phansi wezinye izinkanyezi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinye izinkanyezi zijikeleza kuzo. Ngalolu hlelo lwemibono, lezi zindikimba zasezulwini ezihlelekile ezizungeza inkanyezi ephakathi zibizwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi zesathelayithi, ezidala ingxenye yesibili.
Ukufanekisa izinkanyezi ngohlelo lwe-astral
Izinkanyezi ezinohlelo lwezinkanyezi lapho ziyi-axis yamandla adonsela phansi futhi ezinye izinhlangano zezinkanyezi zizizungeza ziyizinkanyezi eziqokiwe. Izinkanyezi eziyingqayizivele yilezo ezingenalo uhlelo lwe-astral oluzungezayo.
Ukubhala ngekhodi ngezici ze-spectral
Imelwe ngendlela efanayo neye-Harvard's Frightening Codification, njengoba yenziwa umdwebo ngu-Edward Charles Pickering waseHarvard University ngonyaka ka-1890 kanye nokuthi u-Annie Jump Cannon wasenyuvesi efanayo wacupha ngo-1901. .
Izinhlobonhlobo nokucaca
Kusukela ngo-1913, umsebenzi kaHertzsprung noRussell bekuwukukhombisa ukuthi ububanzi obungalingani bemigqa ezinhlobonhlobo ezimnyama buhlobene nokucaciswa okungalingani. Njengoba izinkanyezi ezisebangeni elimnyama elifanayo zinezinga lokushisa elithile elifanayo, umehluko ekukhanyeni uveza umehluko wemvamisa. Ngalo mqondo, bangaba isibonelo esihle sokuqonda ukukhanya okuhlobene.
Uma izinkanyezi ezimbili zine-specimen emnyama efanayo, amazinga okushisa azo aphephile ayalingana; Umehluko ekucaciseni uvela kurediyo engalingani, edalula amagama. Ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhanya kanye izinkanyezi ezinkulu Kubalulekile ukuqonda izinqubo zokwakheka kwenkanyezi.
Ngaphandle kodlame nobukhulu bemigqa, ukumelelwa kwemigqa yamakhonsathi e-ionized engekho ku-spectrum yezinkanyezi ezincane zesifanekiso esimnyama ngokwazo kubonakala ku-spectrum yezinkanyezi "ezinkulu".
Igunya lesiteshi ngokusetshenziswa kwenkundla yamandla adonsela phansi ekukhanyeni kwezinkanyezi
Isisindo se-voluminous yesitimu silingana nokuphoqwa. Umthelela ungomunye wemiphumela yomsebenzi womkhathi, ngamanye amazwi, wenkundla yamandla adonsela phansi emkhathini oseceleni. Manje amandla adonsela phansi anikezwa i-agglomeration yenkanyezi, kodwa ngokulinganayo alingana nesikwele semvamisa yenkanyezi. Imisakazo yendawo ishintsha ibe amandla amakhulu kakhulu kunalawo ama-agglomerations futhi yikho okuveza konke ukungafani.
Ukungaguquguquki okuphakeme emkhathini kunomphumela wokushintsha i-amplitude yamazinga wamandla wama-athomu futhi ngenxa yalokho kushintsha umzuzu webanga legagasi lama-photon afanele ukumetamorphosis phakathi kwamadigri amabili. Amaleveli asondele kakhulu kumidiya yokungaguquguquki kancane ayadlula kulesi simo ngemigqa ethambile. Eklasini elifanayo lethunzi, izinkanyezi ezinobubanzi obukhulu zinemigqa ebukhali yokuphindaphinda kwe-ionized.
izinhlobonhlobo zokucaca
sekunqunyiwe izinhlobo ezinhlanu zokukhanya kwenkanyezi, ngokwesibonelo esinomthunzi esinikeziwe, ubukhulu bobubanzi bomsele. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhonjiswe njenge-I, II, III, IV kanye ne-V.
I-V-Class
Ikilasi V liphathelene nezinkanyezi ezincane, ngamanye amazwi, izinkanyezi zochungechunge lwakudala. Kumfanekiso onikeziwe wobuso obumnyama, amalemu esigaba V anemigqa ebanzi kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwenkanyezi luhambisana kakhulu ezifundweni ezimayelana i-nebulae kanye nobudlelwano bakhe nezinye izinkanyezi.
Isigaba I
Ikilasi I liphathelene nezinkanyezi ezinkulu; ihlukaniswe yaba yizinhlobonhlobo ze-Ia, eqoqa izinkanyezi ezikhazimula kakhulu, kanye no-Ib, u-Iab ongacwebezeli kancane. I-lemurs yekilasi I inemigqa ethambile kakhulu.
Amakilasi II kuya ku-IV
Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amakilasi II kuye ku-IV ahlukaniswa phakathi kwekilasi I no-V. Athinta izikhathi ezingalingani zokuqhubeka kwenkanyezi. I-Class III iphathelene nezinkanyezi ezinkulu ze- ukukhanya kwezinkanyezi.
