Abantu kufanele bacabange ukuthi bayingxenye yemvelo nokuthi bawumthombo wemvelo, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuze bazuze ukulingana ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lempilo yemiphakathi yabantu kanye nemvelo, kusukela lapho thina thatha izinsiza ezisetshenziswa kumaphrojekthi wezomnotho, kuyadingeka ukwenza ngokuvumelana ne-Conservation of Natural Resources, ngenxa yalezi zizathu sikumema ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko.
Ukulondolozwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo
Ngokwencazelo yeMithombo yezeMvelo, lezi yizici ezidalwe yimvelo ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu futhi ezithathwa yibona futhi zisetshenziswe yibona ukuze zizuze zona kanye nezinga lempilo elingcono. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuphusile kweMithombo yeNdalo lapho ichithwa, ukulondolozwa kweMvelo kumele kucatshangelwe ngenhloso yokuvimbela ukungcoliswa, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile, ukushabalala kwalezi zinsiza kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwazo esikhathini eside.
Emvelweni, ngokwale ncazelo, kuneMithombo yeNdalo ehlukene njengamanzi amachibi nemifula, inhlabathi, i-organic matter yomhlabathi, amaminerali afana nensimbi, uwoyela, i-uranium, ikhabhoni, izitshalo nezilwane, phakathi kokunye. Ngenxa yezici zayo ezihlukene, abantu baye basungula izindlela ezihlukene zokuyisebenzisa futhi futhi ukuze bagweme ukuwohloka kwayo, kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokulondolozwa kweMvelo, ukuze lezi zimpahla nezinkonzo ezinikezwa yimvelo zitholakalele izizukulwane ezizayo.
Ukwenza amaphrojekthi Wokulondolozwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo, ijubane lokuvuselelwa kwemithombo yemvelo kufanele licatshangelwe, ngenxa yokuthi imithombo ngayinye inesivinini esihlukile. Ezinye izinsiza zithatha izinkulungwane eziningi zeminyaka ukuthi zivuselelwe futhi ngenxa yalesi silinganiso esinensayo sokuvuselelwa, kuthiwa iwumthombo wemvelo ongavuselelwa. Ezinye izibonelo zalezi zinsiza yilezi: uwoyela, i-methane noma igesi yemvelo, amalahle, insimbi, amalahle noma i-anthracite, phakathi kokunye.
Umthombo wemvelo ongavuseleleki igesi ye-methane etholakala ngobuningi obukhulu engxenyeni engenhla yezindawo zikawoyela futhi ibuye ikhiqizwe ngesikhathi sokubola kwezinto eziphilayo, kulokhu kunikezwa igama elithi "biogas". Indoda enenhloso yokusebenzisa leli gazi le-biogas, ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamanzi angcolile, iye yakha izindawo zokuhlanza imfucuza kanye nezitshalo zokuhlanza amanzi ngama-biomethanizers, okwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwaleli gesi, ngokwenziwa.
Ngaphezu kwalezi Zisetshenziswa Ezingavuselelwa, lapho cishe zonke izimbiwa zikhona, ezinye izakhi ze-abiotic ziyaziwa ngokwemvelo ezinezinga eliphezulu lokuvuselela futhi, ezitholakala ngobuningi obukhulu futhi ngenxa yokutholakala kwazo, zibhekwa njengeMithombo yeNdalo. Okuvuselelekayo, leli qembu lezinsiza lingaqanjwa ngokuthi ukukhanya kwelanga, umoya, umoya… zivuseleleka ngenxa yokuthi ukutholakala kwazo kudlula amandla okusebenzisa abantu futhi azikwazi ukulawulwa noma ukulawulwa abantu.
Ezinye Izinsiza Zemvelo Ezivuselelekayo ezitholakala emvelweni yizingxenye ze-biotic ezakhiwe izinto eziphilayo, ezinejubane eliphezulu lokuzala kabusha, njengezitshalo nezilwane ezihlukene ezihlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. Lokhu kuye kwasho ukuthi, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amadoda aye azuza ngokusetshenziswa kwawo ezithelweni ezivuniwe, ezinye izingxenye ezidliwayo zezitshalo nokhuni lwazo, lezi zamuva zakha izindlu nendawo yokukhosela esimweni sezulu esibi. Kanjalo nokudliwa kwenyama yezinye izilwane.
Ezikhathini zamuva nje le Renewable Natural Resources, ngenxa yokwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwezindlela zokukhipha nokukhiqiza ezinye zalezi zinsiza, ukutholakala kwazo kwehlile uma kubhekwa ukuthi izinga lokukhishwa kwazo likhulu kunezinga lazo lejubane lokuzivuselela. Ngakho-ke, leMithombo yeNdalo idinga ukusetshenziswa okuhleliwe nokucophelela, ukugwema ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile futhi kuzuzwe ukongiwa kwayo.
Kungani kumele ilondolozwe?
Uma abantu bedlula ukusetshenziswa kwanoma iyiphi insiza yemvelo ngaphezu kwezinga lokuphindukuzalwa kwayo futhi kuthinte ukuphila kwayo, Umthombo Wemvelo okukhulunywa ngawo uxhashazwa ngokweqile. Uma ukuxhashazwa okujulile kwesisetshenziswa kuqhubeka isikhathi eside ngesikhathi esifushane, njengokugawulwa kwamahlathi ukuze kutholwe izinkuni, ukukhiqizwa kwe-oxygen kuthinteka ngokunciphisa amasinki e-CO.2, okwandisa ukungcoliswa komoya.
Ngokunjalo, ngemisebenzi eqhubekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengokusetshenziswa komhlaba kwezolimo, kungabangela ukuwohloka kwezinsiza, kuphazamise imvelo, imiphakathi kanye nomnotho. Ngokusho kwe-FAO (Inhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene), u-33% wenhlabathi yeplanethi uwohloke ngokumaphakathi ukuya kowonakele kakhulu. Uma lesi simo sokulahlekelwa izinga lenhlabathi evundile kwezolimo siqhubeka, kuzoncipha futhi kunciphe ukudla okutholakalayo futhi amanani azothinteka. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, umuntu kufanele azazi izithiyo zokuxhashazwa ngokweqile.
Izenzo Zokongiwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo
Lokhu okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kubonisa ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi Ukulondolozwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo kubalulekile, ngenhloso yokulondoloza isisekelo esikhiqizayo semiphakathi kanye nezinqubo ezibalulekile zemvelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila kwabo bonke. Ukongiwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo Engavuselelwa, kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi ukuxhashazwa kwalezi zinto kwenziwa ngendlela ehleliwe, njengoba okwamanje, ngenxa yokufuna ukuthola izinzuzo zezomnotho ngokushesha, lezi zinsiza ziyamoshwa futhi azihlelwanga. ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwalezi zinsiza futhi azicabangi nokusetshenziswa okufanayo esikhathini esizayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalolu hlobo lwezinsiza kumele kuhlelwe, kubhekwe umthelela omubi ongase ube khona endaweni ezungezile nasemphakathini kanye nakweminye imithombo. Ngenxa yokuthi ukungathathi izinyathelo zokuphepha kungabangela imiphumela ephezulu futhi kubangele izinkinga zokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngeshwa, imithelela yezemvelo yokuphathwa kabi kwalezi Zisetshenziswa Ezingavuseleleki ibaluleke kangangokuthi inciphisa izinga lempilo yezinye izisetshenziswa zemvelo futhi ibe nomthelela omubi kwinzuzo yesikhathi esizayo ekuxhashazweni kwalezi zinsiza ezingavuseleleki.
Okubalulekile ekuphathweni kweMvelo Evuselelekayo kufanele kuqondiswe ekugcineni isisekelo sazo esikhiqizayo isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, okusho ukucabangela isivinini sokuvuselela, ukuvumela izinqubo zokuxhashazwa kwazo ukuba zibe nomthelela omncane kakhulu kanye nokuwohloka kwemithombo. okungenani, nokuzuza ukuvuselelwa kwalezo ezehlisiwe, kulezi zenzo ezilandelayo ziyaphakanyiswa:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIh6FMPIxG4
- Ukuphathwa okwanele kwezinsiza zasolwandle. Lokhu ngenhloso yokunciphisa ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile okuholela ekuncipheni kwenani lemithombo yemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwe-anchovy kanye nokuncipha kwenani lamabhubesi olwandle nezinyoni ze-guano kumelwe kugwenywe ukuze ziyeke ukuziphindaphinda. Imithombo Yemvelo Evuselelekayo efana naleyo evela olwandle ingaba imithombo engashi yemithombo yokudla kanye nokunye ukusetshenziswa uma iphathwa ngendlela efanele.
- Ukuphatha ngendlela efanele imithombo yamanzi. Ngokusebenzisa amasu e-aquaculture anciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi, ngesikhathi sokukhishwa kwezimfanzi zasemfuleni eduze nogu, izinsiza zokudoba zase-Amazon, isibonelo.
- Ukongiwa kanye nokuphathwa komhlaba wezolimo. Ukuze ugweme ukuwohloka ngokushesha kwenhlabathi yezolimo, ukusetshenziswa okufanele kwezitshalo ezishintshayo kufanele kucatshangelwe, kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali namanye ama-agrochemicals, ukwethula izitshalo eziningi ze-agroecological, ukuvumela iziza ziphumule ngokushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
- Ukulondolozwa komthombo wamanzi. Ukuze kulondolozwe lo mthombo, kudingekile ukucabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi okulawulwa ngesikhathi semigodi yamanzi futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi.
- Londoloza amahlathi. Ukongiwa kwamahlathi emvelo, ukuze kuzuzwe lokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kusebenze izinhlelo zokuvuselelwa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini ezindaweni zazo zemvelo. Kanye nezinye izindlela zamahlathi ezivumela ukulondoloza nokugcina isembozo sezitshalo sezindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi emhlabeni.
- Ukuhlelwa kwendawo. Ukuhlelwa kwendawo kuvumela ukwehlukanisa izinsiza ezikhona endaweni ngayinye nokuhlela ukusetshenziswa kwazo nokongiwa kwazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
- Ukulondolozwa Kwezinhlobonhlobo Zezinto Eziphilayo. Lokhu kuvumela ukugcinwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto eziphilayo, imithombo yazo yofuzo, imvelo, izinsiza zamasiko kanye nokulondoloza izinzuzo zazo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngiyakumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokwazi imvelo emangalisayo nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani, ngikumema ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda okuthunyelwe okulandelayo: