Ukuma kwangempela koMhlaba Ingesinye sezihloko okukhulunywa ngazo kakhulu kulezi zinsuku. Mhlawumbe sizwile ukuthi uMhlaba uyisicaba, unezimpikiswano futhi uzama ukukhombisa ngobufakazi obuphikisana nalokho esikufundile. Kodwa, isikhathi esithile manje, ukwakheka koMhlaba noma i-geoid mhlawumbe akusiyindilinga ngokuphelele njengoba sibonisiwe, kodwa kunalokho. Inomumo oyindilinga futhi ongaphelele.
Igama I-"geoid" isivele ibizwa ngokuthi uMhlaba njengenkanyezi enomumo othi yindilinga. Okusho ukuthi, ngenxa yemiphumela yamandla e-centrifugal namandla adonsela phansi, sekungaphetha ngokuthi ukwakheka kwawo kuza qiniseka ukuthi iyindilinga, kodwa ngezinti zayo ezimbili eziyisicaba. Okusho ukuthi, kuzogcina kunje esicaba ngezigxobo futhi ngobubanzi endaweni yenkabazwe, inkolelo-mbono eyayibikezelwe kakade ngu-Isaac Newton.
Ukuma kwangempela kweplanethi yethu kuwo wonke umlando
UPaul Newton empilweni yabo"main” Phakathi nonyaka ka-1687, wayesekwenzile okwakhe ukuhlola: wazungeza umzimba we-viscous ngokushesha oketshezini lwamakhemikhali. Umphumela? Ngokunikezwa amandla ayo adonsela phansi kanye namandla aphakathi nendawo, kwanqunywa ukuthi i-polar flattening yenziwe kanye nokwanda kwenkabazwe. Lokhu kuhlolwa bekufanele kuqinisekiswe ngu UDomenico noJacques Cassini, owanquma ukuthi lo mbono uqinisekisiwe.
Nokho, olunye ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi okwethu Iplanethi enguMhlaba inesimo esiyindilinga futhi ayiphelele, kodwa ayijwayelekile.. Kunqunywa ukuthi inomumo we-geoid kanye nokungahambi kahle okuningi. Lokhu kungahambi kahle kuthathwa njengenkomba yoku ukuhlukahluka kwesisekelo kanye nokuphambuka, njengokuphakama okungu-8.800 eMount Everest kanye namamitha angu-11.000 weMariana Trenches. Noma ukuchezuka kwe-geoid phakathi kuka-+85 m e-Iceland kuya -106 m eNingizimu ye-India.
Konke kubonisa ukuthi, uma ulwandle lwalunokuminyana okuqhubekayo futhi lungaphazanyiswa imisinga, amagagasi noma isimo sezulu, wathi ulwandle luzodala isimo se-geoid. Ngisho noma umhlaba wezwekazi ubunganqanyulwa imisele noma imihubhe ukuze ulinganise ulwandle, ubungahambisana nokuma kwe-geoid.
Ingabe Iplanethi Yomhlaba imise okwepheya?
Sekuyiminyaka kunombono wokuthi umhlaba umise okwepheya. Kuvele nedatha yokuqala ethathwe kumasathelayithi okwenziwa abona uhambo lwezikhathi ezithile lokuzungeza. Ngale datha, kuyabonakala ukuthi kukhona ukucindezeleka eSouth Pole kanye neqhubu lezinga elifanayo eNorth Pole.
- Ngale ncazelo, isekelwa inkolelo-mbono yokuthi I-South Pole yakhiwa ukucindezeleka nokuthi INorth Pole ineqhubu.
- Kuyaphikiswa futhi ukuthi i i-latitudes emaphakathi enyakatho incishiswe kancane, nokuthi i-latitudes eseningizimu emaphakathi izobe iqhuma.
- Isathelayithi yeVanquard 1 iqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona a i-equatorial bulge eningizimu, mkhulu kakhulu kunasenyakatho.
Ngokuthathwa kwalezi zakhiwo, kungafakazelwa lokho umhlaba umise okwepheya, into eyaqinisekisa esikhathini esidlule UChristopher Columbus, njengoba asekela uchungechunge lokufunda olwalubonakala lungalungile futhi olwalungaqondani nokunyakaza kwansuku zonke kweNkanyezi YaseNyakatho.
Ukubonakala koMhlaba kushintsha njalo
Nakuba iziphuphutheki zizama ukuthatha idatha enembile, zisaqhubeka ayikwazi ukuqinisekisa izilinganiso eziqondile noma amashothi, njengoba izithombe eziyingxenye zomhlaba zilethwa. Isathelayithi ayikwazi ukuthatha noma yini ngaphandle kwengxenye encane yeplanethi yethu.
Kucatshangwa ukuthi Ubuso bomhlaba awunayo indawo evamile, njengoba iplanethi yethu yakhiwe ngamanzi angu-71% futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilawulwa. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngale ndaba, ungathintana ne- ubukhulu boMhlaba.
Ngokusho kwedatha enikezwe i I-United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Babambe iqhaza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ingaphezulu leplanethi lishintsha njalo.
Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba amagagasi, athintwa iNyanga, adala amanzi nangaphezulu akunikezeli ukubukeka okulawulwayo. Ngisho neNational Geographic iye yagqamisa ukuthi ukunyakaza kwe-tectonic nakho kuyawushintsha umhlaba. Njengokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma ukulimala okubangelwa imithelela ye-meteorite.
Ukuma koMhlaba kuwo wonke umlando wethu, Bathini ososayensi?
IBhayibheli manje Ichaza ngemigqa yayo ukuthi Umhlaba uyindilinga. Incazelo iphawulwe kumprofethi ongumHeberu U-Isaya, uma kubhekiselwa ku-"Circle of the Earth", ibinzana esilihumusha ngokuthi "indilinga yomhlaba" noma "imbulunga".
Ku Impucuko yamaRoma, Ubufakazi besayensi ye-Hellenic base benziwe kakade, phakathi kwemibhalo kaCicero noPliny Omdala, eqinisekisa ukuzungeza koMhlaba.
I-Parmenides waba ngowokuqala ukwamukela ukuzungeza komhlaba, njengoba eduduzwa uvivinyo oluhlukahlukene nangezinye ezinikezwa I-Aristotle en Ibungazwe ngu- Caelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kushiwo emibonweni ehlolisisiwe yazo zonke izazi zefilosofi noma isazi sezinkanyezi, ngoba akekho oye wangabaza ukuthi umhlaba uyimbulunga.
Ku ifilosofi yamaGreki ekhulwini lesi-6 BC. I-C. geocentrism nayo ivikelwe, ivikela i-sphericity of the Earth. Abantu abaningi abaziwa ngokuthi Aetius, Thales, Hesiod, Anaximander, Pythagoras noma Diogenes Laertius. Babika futhi babonisa ngezifundo zabo ukuthi umhlaba uyisiyingi.
I-Aristotle Wenza imibono eminingi ukuze asekele lo mbono. Wathi abahambi ababeya eningizimu baphawula ukuthi imilaza yaseningizimu iphakama ngaphezu komkhathizwe.
Eminye imininingwane eqinisekisa inkolelo-mbono yakhe ukuthi ngesikhathi soku ukusitheka kwenyanga, kungabonwa ukuthi umthunzi woMhlaba, odluliselwa ebusweni beNyanga, unomumo oyindilinga. Ngisho nokuthi yonke ingxenye yoMhlaba ibheke enkabeni futhi yakha imbulunga ngokuminyanisa nokuhlangana, njengoba kwenza amaconsi amanzi.
Ama-Eratostones futhi wenza a ukulinganisa okumangalisayo kokuzungeza komhlaba. Lesi sibalo sithathwe ngu-a ukubuka ngesikhathi se-solstice yasehlobo, endaweni yase-Aswan, njengoba ebona ukuthi kwakungekho mthunzi eduze kwaleyo ndawo. Wabeka induku e-Aleksandriya, walinganisa isithunzi salo, wanquma ngaso ibanga eliphakathi kwemizi yomibili. Ngale datha, wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuzungeza, okungamakhilomitha angama-39.275 uma kuqhathaniswa namakhilomitha angama-40.000 amanje.
