I-Basil ingenye yezitshalo ezivame kakhulu ezinuka kamnandi emakhaya, futhi iyisithako esibalulekile ezindleleni zokupheka eziningi. Kulesi sihloko, sizokutshela konke okudingeka ukwazi ngalesi sitshalo: izakhiwo zaso, izinhlobo zaso, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukunakekelwa esikudingayo.
I-Basil isitshalo sesizini esivela eNdiya, e-Iran, nakwezinye izingxenye zase-Asia. Ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo okudingekayo kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo kuyafana noma ngabe kusebhodweni noma kutshalwe emhlabathini. Umehluko usezicini zezinto ezihambisana nayo, ikakhulukazi i-substrate, kanye nasekuyigcineni ihlukanisiwe nezinye izitshalo.
Lesi sitshalo esinuka kamnandi sitshalwa phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele zonyaka, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, njengoba sikhula kahle emazingeni okushisa afudumele . Siphinde sisebenze njengesibulali zinambuzane nezinye izinambuzane, sidale isivikelo kwezinye izitshalo, kokubili ukuhlobisa kanye nokuqhakaza. I-Basil inamaqiniso amaningi athakazelisayo ngayo, esizoyihlola ngezansi.
Iyini i-basil?
Ingowomndeni wakwaLamiaceae, izitshalo eziqhakazayo ezinezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene . I-Basil, ikakhulukazi, ingeye-genus Ocimum, uhlobo olujwayelekile ezimweni zezulu ezifudumele. Lolu hlobo oluthile lwaziwa ngokuthi i-Ocimum basilicum.
Yisitshalo esihlala isikhathi eside esikhula ngezikhathi ezithile esingakhuli kakhulu, kodwa sikhula sibe banzi. Iziqu zaso zimbozwe ngamaqabunga ayindilinga anobukhulu obuhlukahlukene nombala oluhlaza ojulile.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-basil, ezinye zazo ezivame kakhulu ezitholakala ezindaweni zaseMedithera . E-Asia, izinhlobo ziningi kakhulu, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezinezinhlobo ezihlukile kakhulu nezinamandla.
I-Basil Origins
Umlando walesi sitshalo awuqinisekile, njengoba eminye imithombo ikhombisa ukuthi kwakuyisitshalo esaziwayo esasitshalwa eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane edlule . Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, sivela ezimweni zezulu ezishisayo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene zase-Asia.
I-Basil yafika ezwekazini laseYurophu ngezindlela zokuhweba ezivela eNdiya . Ngokushesha, ukutshalwa kwayo kwagxila ezindaweni zaseMedithera. Amaqabunga e-basil ayengasetshenziswa nje kuphela njengesithako sokupheka kodwa futhi nanjengekhambi lokwelapha kanye namasiko.
Namuhla, ukutshalwa kwalolu hlobo lwesitshalo sekusabalele ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba ngenxa yentuthuko yalo enhle kanye nemisebenzi yalo eyahlukahlukene.
izinhlobo ze-basil
Kulesi sigaba, sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-basil , esinye sezitshalo ezinuka kamnandi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekugayweni kokudla futhi esingazithola kalula kunoma yisiphi isitolo se-greenhouse noma sezingadi ukuze sizitshale ekhaya lethu.
I-basil emnandi
Enye yezinhlobo ezidumile kakhulu, futhi ingenye yezinhlobo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphekeni . Amaqabunga alolu hlobo aluhlaza okotshani, futhi athambile futhi anephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Kulokhu, afinyelela phakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-12 kuya kwangu-18 ukuphakama.
IGenovese basil
Isici esiyinhloko salolu hlobo ukuma kwamaqabunga alo, ayisicaba futhi acijile . Ukunambitheka kwamaqabunga alo, ngaphandle kokuba nephunga elimnandi, kunokunambitheka okuncane, okwenza kube uhlobo oluvame kakhulu ekudleni kwase-Italy.
i-basil yasethai
Itholakala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-basil yaseThailand iyisithako esidumile ekudleni kwayo. Inephunga elihlukile le-licorice. Iziqu namaqabunga alolu hlobo lwe-basil ahlukile ngenxa yemibala yawo ensomi. Kungcono ukuyisebenzisa intsha ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba ilahlekelwa yiphunga layo eliyingqayizivele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Neapolitan basil
Njengoba igama layo lisho, ivela e-Italy, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseNaples. Amaqabunga alolu hlobo lwe-basil makhulu futhi asetshenziswa ezitsheni zase-Italy ezifana nesobho, inyama, nenhlanzi. Isici esihlukile, ngaphandle kobukhulu bamaqabunga, ukunambitheka kwayo okufana nepelepele.
basil lemon
Olunye uhlobo oluvelele kakhulu olutholakala ezweni lakithi yi-lemon basil. Amaqabunga ayo athambile futhi aluhlaza okotshani okukhanyayo, afinyelela ukuphakama kwamasentimitha angu-20 kuya kwangu-24. Isetshenziswa njengesinongo sokwengeza ulamula ezitsheni noma eziphuzweni.
i-lime basil
Njengoba kubonwe ngaphambilini, lena ingenye yezinhlobo ezinambitheka kakhulu ezitholakalayo, ezinokunambitheka okukhethekile kwe-citrus. Ukuze uhlakulele lolu hlobo, kufanele ukwenze endaweni ethola ukukhanya kwelanga okungenani amahora ayisithupha ngosuku, ukuze isitshalo sikhule futhi sikhule ngaphandle kwezinkinga.
i-basil yesiGreki
Ekugcineni, sikulethela lolu hlobo, i-Greek basil, isitshalo esikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angu-8 noma ayi-10 kuphela, okwenza sibe ngesinye sezincane kakhulu ongazithola . Amaqabunga ayo anesimo esiqondile futhi afanelekela ukudla inyama, inhlanzi, izitsha zemifino, noma ngisho nesobho.
Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingayo i-basil?
Uma unquma ukuba nalolu hlobo lwesitshalo engadini yakho noma ekhaya lakho, kufanele uqale wazi ukuthi luyisitshalo sesizini , ngakho-ke lapho nje ukuphela komjikelezo waso wokuphila kufika, luzokoma futhi lufe.
Lo mjikelezo esikhuluma ngawo uqala ekuqaleni kwekwindla. Njengoba amazinga okushisa ehla, i-basil izobuna kancane kancane . Uma ukhumbula lokhu, kufanele unake izici eziningana lapho unakekela lezi zitshalo.
Ukuze uqale ukuhlwanyela nokunakekela i-basil, indlela ekahle ukuqala ngethreyi yembewu. Lokhu kuyanconywa uma uthenga imbewu ye-basil kunesitshalo esiqhakazayo. Uma ungenayo ithreyi yembewu etholakalayo, ungaqala kalula imbewu ebhodweni noma emshinini wokutshala . Uma ukhetha ukusebenzisa imbiza, sincoma ukuthi ukhethe eyodwa enobubanzi obungaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-12 (amasentimitha ama-5). Uma inkulu, ngaphandle kokuba nkulu kakhulu, kungcono. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isitshalo sivame ukusabalala.
Isici sesibili okufanele usikhumbule uhlobo lwe-substrate ozoyisebenzisa lapho utshala . Uma ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-basil iyachuma, sebenzisa i-substrate eyenzelwe yona ngqo. Gcwalisa isitsha nge-substrate ngaphandle kokuyipakisha; yishiye ikhululekile kancane bese uyinisela kahle.
Imbewu oyifaka esitsheni kufanele isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo phezu komhlaba futhi ihlukaniswe phakathi . Uma isitshalo sesikhulile kakade, qiniseka ukuthi siphakeme ngokwanele ukuze sisimboze nge-substrate. Izimpande zidinga i-oxygenation efanele, ngakho akufanele ziminyene.
Kufanele unisele ngokucophelela ukuze amandla amanzi angadali imisele noma asuse inhlabathi. Isisekelo kufanele sihlale simanzi , ngakho-ke udinga ukulandelela ukuthi udinga ukunisela kangaki lezi zitshalo. Uma isitshalo sakho singaphakathi endlini, cishe kuzodingeka usinisele nsuku zonke; uma singaphandle, singaniselwa kaningi.
Ukukhanya kwelanga kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwayo; idinga amazinga okushisa afudumele , yingakho iyisitshalo esihlala isikhathi esifudumele. Beka ithileyi noma ibhodwe lembewu endaweni ethola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kodwa evikelekile ekushiseni.
Uma ugcina umswakama kanye nokushisa okubonisiwe kusukela ekuqaleni, isitshalo sizokhula futhi sikhule ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Uma usebenzisa imbewu, ukuhluma kuzoqala maduze futhi amahlumela okuqala aluhlaza azoqala ukuvela.
Uma isitshalo sakho se-basil sinamaqabunga aluhlaza amabili noma amathathu, sekuyisikhathi sokusitshala ebhodweni elinobukhulu obuboniswe ekuqaleni kwalesi sigaba. Kumelwe uqaphele kakhulu lapho wenza lokhu, ugweme ukulimala kwamaqabunga kanye nezimpande. Ingxube yokubhaka oyisebenzisayo ingaba yendawo yonke noma yezitshalo zangaphandle.
Icebiso lokugcina lokunakekela esizokunikeza lona ukuthi kufanele ufunde ukusithena ngendlela efanele . Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe njalo nangezindlela ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi sonakele yini, asinakukhanya, noma ufuna ukuvuna. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile, lesi sitshalo sivame ukuthenwa ngesikhathi sokuvuna noma ngezizathu zokuhlanzeka.
Ungasika kancane kancane uma ufuna ukuvuna amaqabunga ukuze uwapheke noma ezinye izinjongo . Ukuze wenze lokhu, sincoma ukusika isiqu, ushiye cishe amasentimitha ayi-10 ukuze uvumele ukuvuselelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ufuna ukusika isitshalo ngokuphelele, kufanele usinqume sibe ngamasentimitha ayi-10 noma ayi-15 ukusuka emhlabathini lapho sitshalwe khona.
I-Basil ingahlushwa yizifo, ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, umonakalo weqhwa, njll., okungabangela ukuthi isitshalo some noma sife . Kulezi zimo, kuyalulekwa ukususa izingxenye zesitshalo ezithintekile, ukuhlanza inhlabathi ezungezile ukuze kube nomoya omuhle, futhi unikeze izakhamzimba kanye nomanyolo ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula nokuvuselelwa.
Kafushane, singasho ukuthi isitshalo se-basil silawulwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ngemithetho emithathu eyinhloko; ukukhanya okuningi namazinga okushisa afudumele, awekho ama-puddles, kodwa umswakama kanye nokuthenwa okuhlanzekile okujwayelekile.
Nakuba njengoba sesibonile, enye yezindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa ngayo i-basil i-aromatization kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ku-gastronomy, iphinde ibe nezindawo zokuthuthukisa impilo futhi njenge-anti-mosquito repellent. Lokhu kwenza basil ibalulekile ekhaya lethu.
