Njengamanje umhlaba wethu ukhungethwe izinkinga eziningi, eziningi zazo ezibangelwa umuntu, phakathi kwazo ukungcoliswa kwenani elikhulu lemithombo yamanzi. Uma ufuna ukwazi konke mayelana nokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi, sikumema ukuba uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko esithakazelisayo.
Kuyini Ukungcoliswa Kwemifula Namachibi?
Ziningi izindlela zokuchaza ukuthi kuyini ukungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi. Enye yazo, futhi evame kakhulu, yileyo ehlobene nokuqoqwa kwezinto ezingezona zasemanzini eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eziletha inani elibalulekile lemiphumela eyingozi kakhulu (njengezifo) empilweni, kokubili ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane , izitshalo kanye ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubantu abahlala eduze kwalezi zinhlobo zemvelo yamanzi ahlanzekile kuplanethi enguMhlaba.
Yiqiniso, akukhona nje ukungcoliswa kwamachibi nemifula okuwukuphela kokungcola kwalolu hlobo, kunemithombo eminingi yamanzi ethintekayo, njengokuthi: izilwandle, imithombo engaphansi komhlaba ngisho nezilwandle. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi amanzi angenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuphila emhlabeni; njengoba yakha u-75% wayo yonke indawo ngaphandle kokuthi isetshenziselwa izinhloso eziningi.
Izimbangela zokungcola
Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi lolu hlobo lokungcola lukhiqizwa ikakhulukazi imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yabantu, enezela izakhi ezilimaza imvelo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugcina zalolu ketshezi olubalulekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila, yingakho kulula ukufunda. nakakhulu mayelana nemithombo emibili yokungcola okubangelwa abantu futhi eshintsha ikakhulukazi ukwakheka nokuhlelwa kwemifula namachibi:
Imithombo ebalulekile yokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi: Lezi zindlela zokungcolisa imifula namachibi yilezo ezikhipha ukungcola kobunzima obuhlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene zanoma yiliphi izwe, lokhu ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngamapayipi noma imisele emanzini angaphezulu. Izibonelo ezishiwo kule mithombo zihlanganisa izimboni, izindawo zokukhuculula indle noma indle, imithombo kawoyela, nemikhumbi enalolu hlobo lwempahla.
Imithombo engaqondakali: Le mithombo yokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi yileyo engenakunqunywa ngokuzimisela nangokunemba. Iningi lamacala asetshenziswa njengezibonelo ukuchaza le mithombo yizimoto, izinto ezingcolisa amanzi ezigudluzwa yimifula, ukungcola okuwela imigwaqo ngaphansi komhlaba futhi kuyaziwa ukuthi akwaziwa ngoba imvelaphi yazo ayisakwazi ukulawuleka.
Kodwa-ke, ngezansi, sizokhuluma ngokuqondile ngezimbangela ezithile ezithile, ngoba zithinta kakhulu impilo yemifula namachibi, futhi kuyadingeka ukusho futhi uchaze ukuze kuzuzwe ukuqwashisa okukhulu ngokuvimbela nokukhucululwa kwendle, ukuze kugwenywe ukusabalala kokungcola. ama-ejenti kanye nokukwazi ukubala oketshezini oluyigugu ezimweni ezifanele ukusetshenziswa, embonini, kwezolimo, phakathi kokunye ukusetshenziswa okunganikezwa kona.
Izimbangela zodoti wemvelo: enye imbangela evamile yokungcoliswa kwamanzi imfucumfucu eqinile; kanye nemfucumfucu yezingubo zokugeza kanye nemishini yokugeza izitsha edinga ukulungiswa kahle kwendle futhi ithathwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho yonke. Ukuqedwa kwalolu hlobo lwamanzi kuwumongo izinhlangano eziningi eziwuqalile. Nokho, emazweni angathuthukile kangako lokhu kuba nzima ngoba izakhamuzi eziningi azinazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo zokukhucululwa kwendle.
Izimboni namafekthri: Ngaphakathi kokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi, lo mthombo kuhlale kukhulunywa ngawo ngoba umelela ukungcola okuningi, ngoba ukhiqiza imiphumela eyingozi ngempela futhi eminingi yakho ihlala unomphela endaweni ezungezile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungashiwo ukuthi izinkampani eziningi zezimboni noma izimboni ezisebenza ngamanzi ahlanzekile zigcina zilahla imfucuza esitshalweni ngasinye ezindaweni zemvelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kubangela ukuthi yonke imfucumfucu yamakhemikhali esetshenzisiwe inqwabelane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imfucuza yezimboni ngokuvamile isekelwe ezintweni ezakhiwe ngamakhemikhali ezifana ne-asbestos, umthofu, i-mercury, i-nitrate, isibabule namafutha, okuyizingxenye eziwohloza ukwakheka kwamanzi ngokushesha futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, lezo zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane zasolwandle. kanye nezitshalo ezitholakala zihlala emifuleni nasemachibini athintekile.
Ukungcoliswa komoya: Kholwa ungakukholwa, kuyiqiniso. Ukuqoqwa okukhulu kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezakhi zamakhemikhali emoyeni, ikakhulukazi i-carbon-based, kudala inkinga enkulu yemvelo engabangela ngisho nokungcola emifuleni nasemachibini. Okungukuthi, lokho okukhiqizwa umhwamuko wamanzi okhishwa izimboni, okhiqiza imvula ene-asidi futhi ngaleyo ndlela, umjikelezo wamanzi ongcoliswe kakhulu othinta isimo samanzi esikhathini eside.
Imiphumela Yokungcoliswa Kwemvelo
Ukwazi ngokujulile imbangela ngayinye edala le nkinga enkulu yendawo ezungezile, umuntu kufanele acabange kakhulu ngokuthi iyini imiphumela ebangelwa ukungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi emhlabeni, njengoba, ngale ndlela, unembeza ohlangene nomuntu ngamunye ungaba ezingakhiqiza izinguquko ezibalulekile esikhathini esizayo. Izigaba ezilandelayo zethula imiphumela esemqoka ekhona manje futhi esithinta sonke ngokulinganayo:
Izilwane ezisengozini yokufa: Ukungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi kuyinkinga enkulu yazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezikhona emhlabeni, hhayi nje kuphela ngoba ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi atholakala kulezi zinhlobo zemvelo kungaletha izifo, kodwa kungaholela ekushabalaleni okuseduze kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. hlala kuyo. Ngale ndlela, ukungalingani kwemvelo kungenziwa okungathinta izimpilo zabantu.
Ukuma kwemithombo yokudla: Mayelana nalo mphumela wokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi, kungashiwo ukuthi, njengoba izimo kanye nesimo esivamile samanzi olwandle nakuyo yonke imithombo yawo sishintsha, ukusebenza kahle kochungechunge lokudla kwemvelo kuyashintsha kancane kancane ngenxa ukuba khona kokungcola okuhlukahlukene okunjengomthofu ne-cadmium ezidliwa izilwane ezincane ngaphakathi kwendawo.
Inkinga ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu zidla izilwane ezincane ezihlaselwe yizinto eziyingozi ezikhiqizwa yilokhu kungcola, okubangela ukuthi nazo zithinteke. Kungashiwo nokuthi uma abantu bezidla, bangabona impilo yabo isiwohloka. Ngokuvamile, ungabona futhi ukuthi lokhu kunomthelela ochungechungeni lokudla, oluncipha kakhulu futhi lubonakala kakhulu ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Ukuqothulwa kwemidiya ehlukene yezemvelo: Ngenxa yobuningi bemfucuza ekhiqizwa umuntu futhi evame ukulahlwa emifuleni nasemachibini, balethe ukucekelwa phansi okuphelele noma ingxenye yendawo ngayinye yalezi zindawo nendawo ezizungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, emadolobheni ahlukahlukene emazweni angathuthukile anomfula owela kuwo, kungaphawulwa ukuthi amanzi awo anombala ongcolile obonisa ukungcoliswa kwawo, umkhiqizo wokungenela okungenangqondo komuntu.
Ukukhiqiza imvula ene-asidi: ukungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi ngemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ahlukahlukene asetshenziswa umuntu, kubangela kuphela ushintsho enanini le-pH lamanzi; ngaphezu kokukhiqiza ezinye izinguquko ezibangela ukuba umhwamuko wamanzi odalwe kulawa manzi unqwabelane emafwini, okhiqiza ukukhishwa kwemvula ene-asidi. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuthinti noma yiluphi uhlobo lwenhlabathi, noma kunjalo, izitshalo nezilwane zaleyo ndawo zizothinteka kakhulu.
Ingabe zikhona izixazululo zokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi?
Ukusho izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi kuwumsebenzi olula kakhulu ukuwuchaza. Njengamanje kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina ukungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi kulawulwa, ngisho nokukuqeda ngokuphelele uma izinyathelo zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele nangesikhathi esifanele. Ngakho-ke, kulezi zigaba ezilandelayo uzofunda mayelana nezixazululo ezingase zibe khona kule nkinga yemvelo ethinta abaningi bethu namuhla:
Nyusa isisombululo esisebenzayo ngezimboni ezinkulu ezithinta lawa ma-ecosystems: Kuyaziwa ukuthi izimboni yizona ezithwele kanzima uma kukhulunywa ngokungcoliswa kwemifula namachibi nokunye okunukubezeka okunjengomoya nomhlabathi. Ngendlela yokuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuthola isisombululo kule ngxenye yomsebenzi womuntu ukufuna ukubuyisela ibhalansi yemvelo yeplanethi esihlala kuyo.
Esinye sezixazululo esikhulu kunazo zonke esiye sasetshenziswa ukukhuthazwa nokugunyazwa kwemithetho neziqondiso emazweni amaningi athuthukile nasathuthuka ephoqelela izimboni ukuba ziqede udoti eziyishiya endaweni ezungezile, okuhlanganisa nemithombo yamanzi nengaphezulu.i-terrestrial, ukunciphisa ukungcola eziya ngokuya ziba yingxenye yomjikelezo wempilo yomfula ngamunye namachibi abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wethu.
Shintsha indlela yezokuthutha: enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokugwema ukungcola ukusebenzisa izimoto ezihamba ngogesi esikhundleni sezinto ezimbiwa phansi, njengoba izakhamuzi ziqala ngokuzenzakalelayo ukunciphisa amazinga okungcola emifuleni nasemachibini, ngakho-ke awekho amagesi athinta umkhathi , awekho amafu ane-acidified. umhwamuko wamanzi futhi ngawo, azikho izimvula ezine-asidi, okungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko zokungcolisa uketshezi olubalulekile.
Uma engekho amafutha ezimoto angcolisa amanzi, i-antifreeze noma amakhemikhali ezimoto, kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okubangele iminyaka eminingi. Ngokufanayo, kuyadingeka ukunakekela imoto ngendlela yokuthi udoti ungagcini endaweni noma uphonswe emithonjeni yamanzi, ngoba ngokungangabazeki uzoba nomthelela ozothinta kakhulu amandla emvelo.
Isixazululo sezolimo: Imisebenzi yezolimo nayo ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekungcolisweni kwemifula namachibi. Ngakho-ke, ezinye izixazululo ziye zahlongozwa ohlelweni lwezolimo emhlabeni wonke, okunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwemifula, amachibi neminye imithombo yamanzi. Iziphakamiso zigxile ekuyekeni ukusetshenziswa komanyolo, okuhlanganisa nezibulala-zinambuzane. Okushiya impilo ewusizo yalezi zimiso zemvelo imakwe kakhulu.
Lawula lokho okuphonswa emanzini: Ukulahlwa kahle kwemfucuza noma izinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke kuyinqubo elula kunokuthi kudingeke ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinyathelo zokuyilungisa kamuva. Ngokufanayo, ukuphathwa kahle kwemfucuza elahliwe kuzosiza kakhulu ukulawula ukungena kwama-agent angaphandle emjikelezweni wamanzi, ngoba yibo, ngokuyisisekelo, okuthinta yonke indawo yamanzi kunoma yiziphi izinhlobo zayo.
Hlunga amanzi emifuleni nasemachibini: kunenani elikhulu leziphakamiso ezisekelwe kulokhu, esinye sazo ukunikeza le mithombo yamanzi ukwelashwa, kodwa lutho olungcolisayo, ukuze baphinde bahlanzeke, ngisho nokuba nempahla ukuthi ingaphuzwa futhi. Esikhathini esiningi, kusetshenziswa amadivaysi okuhlunga, anohlobo lwengxenye ngaphakathi kwalo egcina wonke ama-ejenti angcolisayo futhi ivumela amanzi ahlanzekile kuphela ukuthi ageleze.
Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sibe nentshisekelo kuwe, futhi uma ufuna noma yisiphi esinye isihloko ungaba nentshisekelo kulokhu okulandelayo: