Ukushisa okwedlulele akukona nje ukucasuka okudlulayo: kungaba bangela ukushaywa ukushisa, isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha esithuthuka ngokushesha futhi ingabulala uma ingelashwa ngokushesha. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu, umswakama ophezulu, nokuntuleka kwe-hydration yindawo ekahle yokuzalela umzimba ukuze ulahlekelwe amandla awo okuzipholisa.
Kulo mhlahlandlela uzothola incazelo ecacile ye izimpawu, izimbangela, amaqembu engcuphe, okufanele ukwenze (nokuthi yini okungafanele ukwenze) uma kwenzeka ukushisa, nokuthi ungayivimbela kanjani nge-hydration efanele kanye nemikhuba ehlakaniphile. Izincomo eziyinhloko mayelana nokugcinwa kwemithi nokugcinwa kwezidakamizwa phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele nazo zifakiwe, kanye nezinkomba zezinhlelo zokuxwayisa zamagagasi okushisa omphakathi.
Kuyini ukushisa komzimba?
Ukushisa kuyindlela enzima kakhulu yokulimala kokushisa: izinga lokushisa lomzimba likhuphukela ku-≥40°C futhi umzimba uyayeka ukuzilawula. Kungenzeka ngemva kokuchayeka isikhathi eside ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama, noma ngenxa yokuzikhandla okukhulu ngokomzimba ekushiseni, kunobungozi obukhulu uma kungekho ukuzivumelanisa nezimo noma ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele.
Lesi isimo esiphuthumayo sangempela sezokwelapha, esinamandla okulimala kobuchopho, izinkinga zezitho eziningi, ngisho nokufa uma ukwelashwa kubambezeleka. Nakuba kuvame kakhulu ehlobo, kungenzeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka uma kwenzeka ukushisa, umswakama, nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
Izimpawu nezimpawu eziyisixwayiso
Ukubona izimpawu kusenesikhathi kwenza umehluko: Lapho umuntu ephola ngokushesha futhi ethola usizo, kuba ngcono ukubikezela.
- Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu (≥40 °C; imfiva engapheli kunzima ukuyilawula).
- Izinkinga ze-neurological: ukudideka, ukucasuka, ukudideka, ukozela, ubunzima bokukhuluma, ukudangala, ukuquleka, noma ukukoma.
- Isikhumba esishisayo, esibomvu kanye nokujuluka okuncane noma kungabi nhlobo (ngezinye izikhathi ukujuluka kakhulu uma kwakungenxa yokuzivocavoca okukhulu).
- Ubuhlungu bekhanda okukhulu noma ukushaywa.
- Isicanucanu nokuhlanza, i-malaise evamile.
- Ukuphefumula ngokushesha nokukha phezulu.
- I-pulse esheshayo (i-tachycardia ephawulwe).
- Ukuquleka noma ukulahlekelwa ukwazi.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala, amajaqamba emisipha kanye nomuzwa wokuphelelwa umoya kungase kuvele., ikakhulukazi uma kwakukhona umsebenzi womzimba ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi.
Nini ukufuna usizo oluphuthumayo kanye nosizo lokuqala
Uma usola ukushisa, shayela ku-112 (noma inombolo yakho yasendaweni yezimo eziphuthumayo) ngaphandle kokulibala. Umzuzu nomzuzu ubalulekile ukuvimbela ukulimala kwengqondo, inhliziyo, izinso nemisipha.
Ngenkathi usizo lufika, yenza okuthile: Yisa umuntu endaweni epholile noma enomthunzi, susa izingubo eziningi futhi ukhuthaze ukupholisa.
- ukupholisa okusebenzayoAmashawa apholile, izindwangu zokugeza ezibandayo, nesiphephetha-moya senkungu. Gcoba izimpintsha ezibandayo entanyeni, emakhwapheni, nasezinqeni.
- Ukugeza noma ukucwiliswa: Eminye imithombo yezempilo incoma ukucwiliswa emanzini abandayo njengendlela ephumelelayo ezindaweni ezilawulwayo; Abanye baxwayisa ngokugwema ukuqhathanisa okubukhali Ngaphandle kwezikhungo zobuchwepheshe ngenxa yengozi engaba khona yokusabalalisa. Uma abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe bengatholakali, beka phambili ukupholisa kancane kancane.
- I-oral hydration: Kuphela uma umuntu ephaphamile futhi ekwazi ukugwinya amanzi amancane noma iziphuzo ze-electrolyte, ngaphandle kotshwala noma i-caffeine.
- Uma kungekho ukuphefumula noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo, qala i-CPR uma wazi ukuthi kanjani.
Okungafanele ukwenze: Unganikezi ama-antipyretics (paracetamol, ibuprofen) ukuze "wehlise umkhuhlane" we-heat stroke futhi ungahlikihli ngotshwala ngenxa yengozi yobuthi be-cutaneous kanye ne-systemic.
Izimbangela kanye nezimbangela
Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ukushisa kwakudala (indawo eshisayo nenomswakamo, ukuchayeka isikhathi eside) kanye nokushisa okuzikhandlayo (ukuzivocavoca umzimba okukhulu ekushiseni).
- Indawo eshisayo: ngaphakathi noma ngaphandle okunamazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama ogciniwe, ikakhulukazi kubantu asebekhulile noma labo abanezifo ezingelapheki.
- Umzamo onzima: ukuqeqeshwa, umsebenzi womzimba noma ezemidlalo ekushiseni ngaphandle kokujwayela.
Izinto ezikhuphukayo noma ezibhebhethekisayo: izingubo eziwugqinsi noma ezimpintsha kakhulu ezivimbela ukuhwamuka komjuluko, ukuphuza utshwala (yehlisa izinga lokushisa), kanye ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi ngenxa yokungatholi uketshezi okwanele uma kuqhathaniswa nokulahlekelwa ngokujuluka.
Izici zobungozi
Nakuba noma ubani engahlushwa yikho, amanye amaphrofayili asengozini enkulu: Ukuqapha okukhulu kufanele kuthathwe phakathi namagagasi okushisa nangesikhathi sokujwayela.
- Ubudala: izingane ezincane (i-CNS engavuthiwe) kanye nabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-65 ubudala (ukuguquguquka okuphansi kanye nomuzwa ophansi wokoma).
- Umsebenzi ekushiseni: amasosha, abasubathi (ibhola, i-marathon), abasebenzi bangaphandle.
- Ukuchayeka kungazelelwe ekushiseni: amagagasi okuqala ehlobo noma uhambo oluya ezindaweni ezifudumele; umzimba uthatha amasonto ambalwa ukuzivumelanisa ngokugcwele.
- Ukushoda kwe-air conditioning: Abalandeli banikeza impumuzo, kodwa isipholile sisebenza kangcono ekwehliseni izinga lokushisa nomswakama.
- Imithi: Ama-Vasoconstrictors, ama-beta-blocker, ama-diuretics, ama-antidepressants/ama-antipsychotic kanye nezikhuthazi (kuhlanganise ne-cocaine) anyusa ubungozi.
- Izifo nezimo ezingapheli: isifo senhliziyo, isifo samaphaphu, ukukhuluphala, ukungasebenzi komzimba, nomlando wezenzakalo ezihlobene nokushisa.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka
Uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba lihlala liphakeme isikhathi eside, mkhulu umonakalo: Ukupholisa ngokushesha kusindisa izitho nezimpilo.
- Ukulimala kwezitho ezibalulekile: i-cerebral edema noma ukubandakanyeka kwezinye izitho ezine-sequelae ehlala njalo.
- Ingozi yokufa uma ukungenelela kungenziwanga ngokushesha nangendlela efanele.
Ukuvimbela kanye nemikhuba ebalulekile
Ukuvimbela ukushisa kungenzeka ngokuphelele uma uhlela izinsuku ezishisayo kahle futhi ulungise umsebenzi wakho kanye ne-hydration.
- Faka amanzi ngaphambi kokuba womeAmanzi ayisisekelo; uma ujuluka kakhulu, engeza izixazululo ze-electrolyte.
- Gwema amahora aphakathi nendawo (12:00–17:00): Bheka umthunzi noma ingaphakathi elipholile.
- Izingubo ezilula nezixegayo ukotini, ilineni, usilika, noma i-hemp; imibala ekhanyayo nezindwangu eziphefumulayo.
- Ukuvikela isithombe: isigqoko esinompheme obanzi, izibuko, kanye ne-wide spectrum sunscreen (SPF ≥15), efaka kabusha njalo emahoreni angu-2 (noma maduze nje uma ubhukuda noma ujuluka).
- Ukujwayela okuqhubekayo: Khulisa kancane kancane ubude nokuqina komzamo wakho wokuzifudumeza ezinsukwini/amaviki ambalwa.
- Gwema utshwala futhi unciphise i-caffeine, okukhuthaza ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni.
- Ungashiyi muntu emotweni emile, ngisho nasemthunzini noma amafasitela avuliwe.
- Hlela amakhefu nokuphumula Uma ungakwazi ukuhlehlisa umsebenzi noma ukuqeqeshwa, thola izindawo ezipholile ukuze ululame.
Uma uthatha izidakamizwa ezandisa ubungozi, thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha eziphindwe kabili futhi uthintane nochwepheshe wakho wezempilo mayelana nezinyathelo ezithile phakathi namagagasi okushisa.
Ukuphuza amanzi, imithi kanye nempilo yezinso
Eminye imithi ishintsha amanzi, umfutho wegazi, noma i-thermoregulation., okwenza kube lula kuwe ukushisa.
- Ama-diuretics: ukwandisa ukulahlekelwa uketshezi kanye electrolyte.
- Izidakamizwa ze-antihypertensive kanye ne-beta-blockers: Bangehlisa umfutho wegazi kakhulu lapho kushisa; gwema ukushintsha okungazelelwe kokuma futhi uqaphe umfutho wegazi.
- Ama-antidepressants, ama-anxiolytics nama-antipsychotics: phazamisa ukulawulwa kokushisa nokujuluka.
- Ama-anti-inflammatories: ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni, ingalimaza izinsoMusa ukuzelapha futhi uphuze amanzi anele.
- Ama-Antihistamine kanye neminye imithi yengqondo: kungabhebhethekisa ukungabekezelelani ukushisa.
Izihluthulelo ezisebenzayo ze-hydration: Ungalindi uze wome, sabalalisa ukudla kwakho usuku lonke, futhi uma uhlanza noma ukhishwa yisisu, sebenzisa uketshezi lokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni (hhayi nje amanzi).
Ukugcinwa okulungile kwemithi nokushisa
Ukushisa nomswakama kwehlisa izidakamizwa nezinto ezisizayo, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha; ukubanakekela kuyingxenye yempilo yakho.
- Izindawo okufanele uzigweme: izimoto ezipakiwe (zingeqa ku-60°C), amagumbi okugeza (umswakama ezishaweni), amakhishi (imithombo yokushisa) namafasitela/amavulandi (ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile).
- Indawo ekahle: ikhabethe elipholile, elomile, kude nokushisa nokukhanya; izinga lokushisa elingu-15–25 °C (njalo bheka ipheshana lephakheji) kanye gcina ephaketheni lakhona.
Izidakamizwa ezidinga isiqandisi (2–8 °C): i-insulin (izitsha ezisetshenziswayo zingagcinwa ngaphansi kuka-30°C amaviki angu-4-6), amanye ama-antibiotic awuketshezi kanye ne-biologics (isb., ukwelashwa okuthile kwe-arthritis noma umdlavuza). Ekhaya, egcinwe kangcono emashalofini aphakathi esiqandisini. neze emnyango ngenxa yokungaqini kokushisa.
Amathiphu angeziwe: : ekuhambeni, sebenzisa isiqandisi esiphathwayo esinama-accumulators (hhayi iqhwa eliqondile) kanye ungaqandi imithi (icrystallization ilimaza amaprotheni afana ne-insulin).
Izidakamizwa ezandisa ingozi kanye nemithi ezwela ukushisa
Ngaphezu kwalezo ezithinta i-thermoregulation, kunezethulo ezibucayi ezilahlekelwa izakhiwo> 25-30 °C..
- I-Nitroglycerine (i-angina), ama-hormone egilo, ezinye izidambisigciwane.
- Ama-suppositories nama-ovules: ziyancibilika futhi zishintsha umthamo.
Uma uthatha ama-antibiotics noma ezinye izidakamizwa ze-photosensitizingVikela isikhumba sakho ngesivikelo esiqinile elangeni futhi unciphise ukuchayeka elangeni; gcina izitsha endaweni epholile futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha uma kwenzeka ukuhlanza noma isifo sohudo.
Indlela yokubona imithi eyonakele kanye nezinto zokuhamba ehlobo
Hlola izimpawu zokuwohloka ngaphambi kokuwusebenzisa noma yisiphi isidakamizwa esichayeke ekushiseni.
- Amaphilisi/amaphilisi: imifantu, ukunamathela, ukushintsha kombala noma iphunga.
- Ama-syrups/ukumiswa: ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba, izigaxa noma i-crystallization.
- Amakhilimu/amaqanda: ukungaguquguquki okuwuketshezi kakhulu noma okunamafutha.
- Imijovo: i-turbidity noma izinhlayiya.
Okufanele ukwenze: Ungawasebenzisi; thintana nosokhemisi wakho bese ubheka ipheshana lephakheji (ezinye izethulo zihlanganisa izinkomba ezibonakalayo, isb., umbala ku-insulin).
Ezokuthutha eziphephile: Uma udinga ukuhambisa imithi ebucayi, sebenzisa into epholile ene-thermometer (gcina u-2–8 °C ezitsheni eziqandisiwe), gwema isiqu futhi usebenzise imoto enesiphephetha-moya. Nge-insulin, ungandisi ukuchayeka ku->30°C ngaphezu kwamahora angu-1-2.
Ukushisa ngokumelene nokuphelelwa ukushisa
Ukwehlukanisa zombili izimo kuqondisa impendulo efanele: Ukuphela kokushisa kuthambile futhi kuyelapheka ngokuphumula kanye nokufakwa emanzini, kanti ukushisa kudinga ukunakwa okuphuthumayo.
| Izimpawu | ukushisa kokushisa | Ukushiswa unhlangothi |
|---|---|---|
| Ukushisa komzimba | Kufika ku-39 °C | ≥40 ° C |
| Umjuluko | Kuchichima | Indlala noma ingekho |
| Isimo somqondo | Ukukhathala, isiyezi | Ukudideka, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi |
| Isikhumba | Kubanda futhi kumanzi | Kuyashisa, komile, kubomvu |
| Ukwelapha | Ukuphumula + hydration | Isimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha |
Uma kwenzeka ukushisa kokushisa: Hamba uye endaweni epholile, khumula, geza ishawa/ukugeza okufudumele noma manzisa umzimba, phumula, futhi uthintane nodokotela uma kungekho ngcono. Ezinganeni, khulisa ukuncelisa ibele uma zincelisa futhi unikeze njalo, iziphuzo ezincane.
Izingane kanye nabantu abadala: ukunakekelwa okukhethekile
IzinganeIsimiso sabo se-thermoregulatory asikavuthwa futhi baqeda amanzi ngokushesha; kumele ziqashwe ngeso elibukhali ezindaweni ezishisayo.
- Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso: ukucasuka, ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, isikhumba esishisayo kakhulu, ukozela noma ubuthakathaka.
- Prevención: ukuncelisa ibele njalo, amanzi aphephile namajusi emvelo (gwema iziphuzo ezine-caffeine nezinoshukela), izingubo ezilula nokugeza njalo.
- Okungafanele ukwenze: Ungawavezi elangeni eliqondile phakathi kuka-10:00 no-16:00, ungalokothi ngaphambi konyaka owodwa; ungawashiyi ezimotweni ezivaliwe.
- Ukwenza Uma usola ukushisa kohlangothi: izimo eziphuthumayo noma shayela ku-112, pholile ngokushesha ngamanzi ahlanzekile, susa izingubo futhi unikeze amanzi kuphela uma ukwazi.
Kukhulu: Bangase babone ukushisa kancane futhi bajuluke kancane; umuzwa wabo wokoma uyancipha, futhi ngokuvamile baphuza imithi eyandisa ingozi yabo.
- Ukunakekelwa: Gcina ikhaya lipholile futhi lingenisa umoya, khulisa amanzi ngisho noma ungomile, futhi uqaphe izinga lokushisa lakho uma uzizwa ungaphilile.
- Gwema: utshwala ne-caffeine ngokweqile; ukuzikhandla okukhulu ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo.
Izexwayiso zamagagasi okushisa nezinhlelo zomphakathi
Izinhlelo zokugada zomphakathi zikhipha izexwayiso kusenesikhathi ukwenza lula ulwazi kanye nezinyathelo zokuvikela abantu abasengozini.
Isibonelo: Umphakathi waseMadrid. Ichaza imingcele yobungozi ngendawo ye-isoclimatic: Sierra de Madrid ≈ 34,1 °C; I-Metropolitana ne-Henares ≈ 35,9 °C; I-Sur, i-Vegas ne-Oeste ≈ 35,3 °C, enomkhawulo wezinga lokushisa ophezulu wesifundazwe onomthelela wezempilo ongu-≈ 35,6 °C.
- Ileveli 0 (Okuvamile): isimo sasehlobo esivamile.
- Ileveli 1 (Isexwayiso): ubungozi kubantu abasengozini kakhulu.
- Ileveli 2 (Ingozi ephezulu): ingozi yawo wonke umphakathi, ikakhulukazi abantu abasengozini.
Ama-activation kanye nokuvala ukusebenza zixhunywe ezikhungweni zezempilo, okuvumela ukungenelela okuhlosiwe (abadala, izinsana ezingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-12, ukugula okungapheli, abantu abondliwayo, nalabo abadinga imithi ethile). Imibhalo yobuchwepheshe iyasiza a ukusetshenziswa okuphephile kwemithi emagagasini okushisa. Bheka izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezisemthethweni njengomhlahlandlela weseluleko sokuzivikela: izincomo zokushisa.
Imibuzo ebuzwa njalo
Ingabe ukushisa kuyenzeka ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile? Yebo: ngisho nasezindaweni zangaphakathi ezishisayo, ezingenawo umoya ohlanzekile, ezimotweni ezivaliwe, noma lapho uzivocavoca ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinomswakama.
Ubani okuthinta kakhulu? Izingane ezincane, asebekhulile, iziguli ezinezifo ezingamahlalakhona, abantu abakhuluphele ngokweqile, nalabo abaphuza imithi ethile; kanye nabasebenzi bangaphandle nabasubathi.
Kungagwenywa? Ngokufaka amanzi njalo, izingubo ezifanele, ukuphumula ngesikhathi samahora aphakeme, izindawo ezinomoya opholile noma ezinomoya opholile, kanye nokujwayela kancane kancane.
Yiziphi izindaba zezempilo ezikhona? Izikhungo eziningi zezempilo zinikeza izincwadi zezindaba zamahhala ngokubuka kuqala namathiphu; ukuphathwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu kubuswa izinqubomgomo zabo zobumfihlo, futhi ungazikhipha ohlwini noma nini.
Ukuzivikela ekushiseni kudinga ukubona izinto kusengaphambili, ukugeleza kwamanzi ngendlela eqondile, ingqondo evamile lapho ubhekene nezakhi, kanye nohlelo olucacile lokuphendula izimpawu. Ukulandela lezi ziqondiso kunciphisa izinkinga ezingathi sÃna futhi kwenza umehluko kubantwana, abantu abadala, kanye nabantu abanezimo zezokwelapha noma imithi ebucayi.