Izihlahla zibhekwa njengezitshalo ezifanele kakhulu esintwini, ngenxa yobuhle bazo obukhulu kanye negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwempilo, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo, amafomu kanye nemindeni kodwa kulokhu sikumema ukuthi ufunde ngesihlahla Okuningi okufundwe ngenxa yaso. izakhiwo ezinkulu zokwelapha ezifana Elderberry.
Umdala
Izihlahla ziyizitshalo ngokuvamile ezingafinyelela ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu, zibe nesiqu sokhuni, zibe namagatsha anwebeka phansi futhi zibe nemiqhele yezinhlobo nezitayela ezahlukene, ngenxa yalokhu kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo zezihlahla, phakathi kwazo zonke lezi zinhlobo ezikhona. , isihlahla Sauco sigqama.
I-Sauco eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Sambucus noma i-Sauco nje, imvamisa ihambisana nohlobo oluphakathi kwezinhlobo ezinhlanu kuya kwamashumi amathathu ezingamalungu omndeni we-adoxaceae, lolu hlobo lomndeni lwakhiwe iqembu lezihlahla noma izihlahla ezincane ezinezimpawu zamahlamvu ahlala eluhlaza bagcine amathoni abo aluhlaza unyaka wonke).
Abanye ochwepheshe bezitshalo babheka umdala njengengxenye yomndeni owaziwa nangokuthi i-honeysuckle lapho kubhekwa njengeqembu elikhulu lezihlahla nemivini, kubhekwa njengeqembu elikhulu lezitshalo zokuhlobisa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile.
Igama layo lesayensi yi-Sambucus Nigra L. Bangakwazi futhi ngokuthi i-Sabuco, i-Sayugo, i-Linsusa noma i-Cañilero. Kubhekwa njengesihlahla esidabuka ezwenikazi laseYurophu futhi ukufika kwaso eLatin America kwaba ngokufika kweSpanishi ezwenikazi elisha phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX.
Izici ze-Elderberry
I-Elderberry ingabhekwa njenge-shrub noma isihlahla esincane, amaqabunga awo abonakala ngokuba pinnate cishe ngo-5 kuya ku-9 futhi angafika ku-11, abe yisici esikhulu sokuba nobude obuphakathi kwamasentimitha angu-5 no-30 futhi amaphethelo awo ahlelwe, ziphambene futhi ziyavumelana nezimo. Isiqu sawo singagoba, sijiye futhi sibe namagxolo amabi.
Ihambisana nesitshalo esingafinyelela ku-6 kuya ku-10 amamitha ubude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagatsha awo avame ukuba aminyene futhi abe namagxolo aqhekekile, umbala wawo unomlotha onsundu. Izimbali zidume kakhulu ngephunga lazo elimnandi futhi ziqoqwe ngamaqoqo aziwa ngokuthi ama-corymbs, ngokuba amaqembu anezimbali ezifika kweziyi-15, izimbali ngayinye ziyi-hermaphroditic futhi zinamacembe amise okwezinkanyezi ezi-5, zimhlophe ngombala zivame ukuqhakaza. qhakaza maphakathi nentwasahlobo.
Izithelo zayo zaziwa ngokuthi amajikijolo amise okwebhaluni, anenyama kakhulu futhi angaba amasentimitha angu-9 ububanzi. Ziyisithelo esinamanzi futhi esidliwayo, sinombala obomvana ngisho nomnyama uma sesivuthiwe, uma singavuthiwe singaba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma o-violet.
Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko ukusebenza kwayo kokwelapha kanye nokudla okunomsoco ngezimbali zayo nezithelo ezivuthiwe, okugcizelela ukuthi isithelo namagxolo aso kufanele kulindeleke ukuthi avuthwe ngoba angaba ushevu futhi abe yingozi empilweni.
Izilwane Ezikhulile
Igama elithi "Sambucus" livela kwelesiGreek Sambuca futhi lalithathwa njengensimbi yomculo eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu amaRoma futhi yakhiwe ngokhuni lwalesi sihlahla, uma kwenzeka "Nigra" ibhekisela kumbala wayo omnyama uma izithelo zayo ziyi. zivuthiwe. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izotholakala ezihlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko ezichazwe ngezansi:
I-Sambucus yasePeru
Ihambisana nezinhlobo ezivamile eMelika Ephakathi naseLatin America, ingaba isihlahla eside esingafika kumamitha ayisishiyagalombili, inesiqu esingajwayelekile futhi inama-inflorescences aphakathi kuka-18 no-22 amasentimitha ubude akhiwe amaqoqo. Indawo yayo eyinhloko iphakathi kweCosta Rica nesifunda sase-Andes e-Argentina, izithelo zayo zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukwenza ujamu, iziphuzo kanye namawayini; kuyilapho izimbali zayo zisetshenziswa njengama-analgesics, ama-anti-inflammatories nama-antiseptics.
I-Sambucus yaseMexico
Eyaziwa nangokuthi iSambucus Canadensis, etholakala kakhulu esifundeni saseNyakatho Melika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezintaba ezinamatshe, iwuhlobo olutholakala kabanzi eMexico, kulokhu, iyisihlahla esinamaqabunga esingafinyelela amamitha amathathu kuphela ukuphakama.
Ukutshalwa kwabadala
I-Elderberry ithathwa njengesihlahla esisetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yobukhazikhazi baso obukhulu, yingakho singafunwa njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa.Sazise ezinye zezincomo ezilandelayo okufanele zilinywe:
Indawo
I-elderberry isihlahla esikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezinomswakama ophezulu, ikakhulukazi lawo mahlathi anomswakama kakhulu.
Isibindi
I-Elderberry ibhekwa njengesihlahla esinesiqu esibaluleke kakhulu futhi esivelele, ngakho-ke siyakwazi ukumelana nezimo zezulu ezihlukahlukene ezimbi kakhulu futhi sikwazi ukusinda, kulokhu iqiniso lokukwazi ukumelana nesithwathwa esinamandla liyagqama.
Ukuphindaphinda
Ukuphindaphindeka kwezitshalo kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene, njengembewu, kuyindlela evamile yocansi, lapho ezinye izici zingenelela ukusiza ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, ezinye izindlela zokuphindaphinda zingokukhiqizwa kwe-vegetative, okubhekwa njengefomu le-asexual ngoba ziyizitshalo ze-hermaphrodite. Ngokujwayelekile esihlahleni esidala, lezi zindlela ezimbili zisetshenziswa: ukuhlwanyela ngembewu kanye nokuzalana kwezitshalo, lesi sakamuva sizama ukukhipha ama-propagules ezimpandeni zaso ezikha phezulu, nokuzalana kwezitshalo okuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokuphindaphinda.
Ukuthena Nokuvuna
Ukuthena kuthathwa njengendlela yokususa amagatsha omile, anesifo noma aphukile kanye namakhambi avimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo noma aguqule ubuhle baso.Inqubo yokomisa ifakwa ethunzini bese kufanele igcinwe emoyeni opholile, owomile nomnyama.Isivuno wezithelo ugqama lapho kufanele alinde kuze kube mnyama noma ilenga emagatsheni (inkathi yasehlobo kanye ekwindla yokuqala).
Ukunisela
Ukukhula kwezitshalo kubalulekile ukuthi zivezwe ezintweni ezehlukene ezivuna ukukhula kwazo, phakathi kwazo kukhona amanzi agqamayo. Endabeni yokuba ne-Elderberry enkulisa, kuyadingeka ukufaka ukuchelela ngamanzi amaningi, uzama ukugcina i-substrate imanzi, ukugwema ukuqoqwa nokudlulela ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Ukuhlwanyela
Izikhathi zokutshala ezindala zivame ukwenziwa ngamaqoqo noma ngokushintshanisa izitshalo zasenkulisa. Okokuqala, kufanele kwenziwe umgodi emhlabathini, kubhekwa ubukhulu besitshalo esizosetshenziswa enkulisa.
Ukwakheka kanye Nezakhiwo ze-Elderberry
I-Elderberry ibhekwa njengenye yezihlahla ezifunwa kakhulu ngezakhiwo zayo eziyinhloko, phakathi kwazo kufanele siqokomise ukuthi itshalwa ngezinhloso zokuhlobisa ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi noma izingadi zasekhaya, futhi ukudla ngenxa yezithelo ze-Elderberry tree, i-artisan. isihlahla esilondolozwe njenge-bonsai futhi singomuthi ikakhulukazi wezakhiwo zezimbali namagxolo; ukubaluleka kwesimo sezulu esipholile nesibandayo.
Impahla Emdala Yezithelo
Zonke izithelo ezivuthiwe noma amajikijolo akhiwe iqoqo lezingulube eziphilayo, kanye nezingxenye ezithandekayo ze-biochemical ezifana ne-anthocyanins, i-fiber, i-phosphorus, i-glucose, i-fructose ne-potassium. I-50 g ngayinye yesithelo esisha ibhekwa njengehlinzeka ngamamiligremu angu-9 no-13 wevithamini C kanye ne-vitamin B. Ibuye ibe ne-magnesium, i-zinc, insimbi ne-calcium.
Inezithelo zasendle ezidliwayo, lapho kokubili isikhumba kanye ne-pulp kungadliwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinenzuzo. Ngezithelo zayo ezibalulekile, i-jam yenziwa futhi ngaphezu kokusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokwelapha ezifana ne-syrups, laxatives ngisho ne-depuratives, inendawo ewusizo yokunciphisa i-cholesterol futhi ithuthukise umbono, ingaba nezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala eziwusizo ku-neuralgia, ikhanda elibuhlungu. , ubuhlungu besisu kanye ne-sciatica.
Ungathola ukupheka amajikijolo ukuze uthuthukise ukunambitheka futhi ngaleyo ndlela uthuthukise ukugaya. Kunconywa ukwazi inqubo yokwenza isiraphu ngendlela efanele, ingaba kanje:
Ijusi lesithelo esivuthiwe kufanele likhishwe noma likhanywe, bese imbewu iyahlungwa, kulokhu ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe ngembewu ngoba ingaba yingozi, khona-ke kufanele ishiywe ukupheka cishe imizuzu eyi-10. Kumelwe ivunyelwe ukuba iphole ngaphambi kokuba ihlanganiswe futhi ekugcineni ifakwe esiqandisini. Uma isilungile, ungasebenzisa isiraphu izipuni ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ngosuku.
Kukhona uphenyo olwenziwa yiNyuvesi yaseGraz e-Austria, ngocwaningo lwe-berry ekhishwe, inesibopho sokunciphisa i-oxidation ye-low-density lipoprotein ye-cholesterol ebandakanyeka ku-atherogenesis, lolu hlobo lwezakhiwo lulungele ukwazi ukulwa nezifo zenhliziyo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, zonke izithelo eziluhlaza zibonakala ngokuba nesimiso esinobuthi okuthiwa i-sambunigrina, okungesinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani akufanele zidliwe zize zivuthwe ngokugcwele. Lesi simiso esinobuthi sitholakala emaqabunga, amagxolo kanye nembewu ye-elderberry. Kunconywa ukuthi amaqabunga angadliwa ngoba anobuthi obukhulu, ngakho-ke ukusetshenziswa kwawo kusetshenziswe ngqo ezitshalweni ukuxosha amagundane, ama-moles kanye nezinambuzane, zingashiswa ukuze zifakwe nezibulala-zinambuzane.
Uma isetshenziswa njengomuthi ozosetshenziswa njengemithi exosha omiyane futhi ingasetshenziswa futhi ifuthwe ezitshalweni ukuze ibe nokuvikeleka kuma-aphid namacimbi.
Ukulungiswa kwe-insecticide kufanele kube kanje: kuyadingeka ukubilisa ilitha lamanzi ngamagremu angu-225 wamaqabunga ama-Elder, ukupheka imizuzu engu-20, bese ucindezela bese uvumela ukupholisa. Kusashisa, kuyancomeka ukuthi wengeze ithispuni yokuhlanza okuwuketshezi noma okuyimpushana futhi ekugcineni ufakwe ebhodleleni lokufutha.
Elderflower Properties
Zonke izimbali zayo ziyadliwa, zivame ukusetshenziswa ku-gastronomy ukuze kuzuzwe iphunga elimnandi kanye nokulungiselela ezinye zokupheka ezifana netiye le-herbal, ojeli, ujamu, u-ayisikhilimu, amakhukhi noma ingahlanganiswa namanye amakhambi. Iminyaka eminingi, amawayini afunwa ukuthi adume kakhulu kulokhu kusetshenziswa, lapho imbali ivame ukugoba kuze kube yilapho ithola iphunga elimnandi kanye nephunga elidala.
Zonke izimbali zakhiwa amafutha abalulekile, ahlanganisa flavonoids, phenolic acid, tannins, uvithamini C namaminerali. Inezici ezibalulekile ze-diaphoretic ze-epithelium ye-bronchial. Ingase ibe nomphumela ocasulayo ongaphinda ukhulise ukukhiqizwa kwezimfihlo ze-bronchoalveolar, ngakho-ke, ingasetshenziswa ngempumelelo ekwelapheni okuhlukene komkhuhlane ovamile kanye nomkhuhlane.
Kunezifundo ezahlukene ze-flavonoids ze-elderberry ezine-antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunological properties; ukuphatha ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa okuhlukene kwama-cytokines kuma-monocyte, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze amasosha omzimba.
Izimbali ze-Elder tree zingase zisetshenziselwe ukulungisa ama-creams okuhlanza kanye nokususa amabala esikhumbeni, okubalulekile ekulondolozeni isikhumba, ikakhulukazi abesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu ubudala.
Izimbali nezithelo zinezindawo ezihlukene ze-antiseptic kanye ne-bactericidal, zibalulekile ku-pyorrhea, i-gingivitis kanye ne-pharyngitis, isetshenziswe njengama-infusions okumele afakwe emlonyeni kanye nama-gargles. Ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukubulala amagciwane ezilonda noma ukukhulula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokusha. Kusukela ngaphambili, izimbali zibhekwa njengomphumela omkhulu we-galactogogue, ngamagama ambalwa, unesibopho sokugqugquzela ukukhiqizwa kobisi okuhlukene, lokhu kungenxa yomphumela wokulinganisela kwamaprotheni, okuba kuhle kakhulu ekunceliseni.
Kulokhu, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinkuni eziMdala zingamelana kakhulu, zibe yigugu ekwenzeni amakhabhinethi kanye nokucaciswa kwamathuluzi ezolimo ahlukene. Ingakhiqiza kalula, lapho umongo wawo wonke amagatsha ukhishwa khona, bese usetshenziselwe ukwenza ezinye izinsimbi ezifana nemitshingo, amashubhu, izibhamu eziqhumayo, phakathi kokunye futhi ingasetshenziswa njengezinkuni.
Phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlukahlukene okuye kwashiwo, kufanele kuqashelwe iqiniso lokwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Elderberry ifundwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene iminyaka eminingi ukuze kuzuze izakhiwo zayo. Uphenyo oluningi olukhona oluhlobene nezingxenye zesihlahla ezigqamisa izici zamandla azuzisayo kumuntu.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Izihlahla zom-alimondi zithenwa nini?