Abantu abaningi bavame ukucabanga ukuthi amagama athi atheist kanye nelithi agnostic afana. Kodwa-ke, ayimibono ehlukene ngokuphelele okungafanele ididaniswe. Ngamafuphi, umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngumuntu ophika ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngumuntu ongakuphiki ukuba khona kukaNkulunkulu kodwa ongadingi bufakazi.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe, lapha sizochaza ngokujulile umehluko phakathi kwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye ne-agnostic kanye nemvelaphi yakho.
Kokubili ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye nokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuwela ngaphansi kwesambulela sokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu . Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kusekelwe ekungalandelini noma ekungalandelini inkolo ehleliwe, njengobuKristu. Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuhlanganisa ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ukungaqiniseki, abangakholwa, ubuNkulunkulu, ukungabaza ngokwenkolo, kanye nokucabanga ngokukhululeka. Ukuba yingxenye yaleli qembu akusho ukuthi ungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, njengoNkulunkulu oyedwa noma onkulunkulu abaningi.
Ngokwerekhodi, amazwe amahlanu anenani eliphezulu kakhulu labantu abangakholwa , ngokulandelana kwehle, yilawa: iCzech Republic, iNetherlands, i-Estonia, iJapan, kanye neSweden.
Kuyini ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu?
Ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ngomqondo obanzi, ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu . Ngomqondo oqinile, kuwukwenqaba konke ukukholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu. Umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ugomela ngokuqondile ukuthi akukho nkulunkulu okhona, njengonkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu, futhi uphikisana nobuNkulunkulu. UbuNkulunkulu buyindlela evame kakhulu yokukholelwa ukuthi okungenani uNkulunkulu oyedwa ukhona.
Ngokusho kwe-RAE ( Royal Spanish Academy), umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uchazwa kanje:
Kusukela kusiLatini. atheus, futhi lokhu kuvela kuGr. atheos. 1. i-adj. Ongakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu noma ophikayo. Uhlelo lokusebenza. a per., utcs 2. adj. Lokho kusho noma kuhlanganisa nokungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu. I-rationalism engakholelwa kuNkulunkulu.
Igama elithi " ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu" lalisetshenziswa ngendlela ehlambalazayo ukubhekisela kulabo ababenqaba onkulunkulu abakhulekelwa umphakathi. Ngokufika nokusabalala kwemicabango ekhululekile, ukungabaza kwesayensi kanye nokugxekwa kwenkolo okwalandela kwanciphisa ububanzi baleli gama.
Ukukhanyiselwa, ngekhulu le-17 , kwaletha inguquko enkulu. Kwavela abantu bokuqala abazibiza ngegama elithi "umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu". Eqinisweni, iNguquko yaseFrance yayaziwa ngokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu okungakaze kubonwe; mhlawumbe kwakuyinhlangano yokuqala enkulu yezepolitiki emlandweni ekhuthaza ukuphakama kwengqondo yomuntu.
Izimpikiswano ezivuna ukungakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu zisukela ezicini zefilosofi ziye kumbono wezenhlalo nomlando. Izizathu zokungakholelwa kunkulunkulu noma konkulunkulu ikakhulukazi zihlanganisa lezi zimpikiswano ezilandelayo:
- Ukushoda kobufakazi obuphathekayo. Uma kungenakufakazelwa ngokwesayense, laba bantu abakholwa.
- izinkinga ngobubi. eyaziwa nangokuthi i I-Epicurus Paradox, ngendlela eyenziwe lula, ibhekisela eqinisweni lokuthi uma uNkulunkulu ekhona ngenxa yokuthi ububi bukhona, ngakho-ke, abukho.
- Izimpikiswano zokudalula ezingahambisani. yaziwa nangokuthi inkinga yokuqaphela inkolo yeqiniso. Kusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi akekho umuntu wangempela owabelwe unkulunkulu noma onkulunkulu, nasekuphikisaneni phakathi kwezinkolo ezithile nezinye.
- Ukwenqatshwa komqondo wokungenzeki. Kuyisisekelo sanoma iyiphi inkolelo-mbono yesayensi. Ngokuvumelana ne-falsificationism, zonke iziphakamiso zesayensi ezisebenzayo kufanele zikwazi ukukhohliswa noma kuphikiswe. Omunye wemiphumela yako eyinhloko ukuthi ukuqinisekiswa kokuhlolwa kwethiyori "efakazelwe" ngokwesayensi, ngisho nesisekelo sayo, kuhlale kungaphansi kokuhlolwa.
- Izimpikiswano zokungakholwa. Lena impikiswano yefilosofi ngokumelene ubukhona bukaNkulunkulu, ikakhulukazi unkulunkulu theists. Isisekelo salokhu kuphikisana siwukuthi uma uNkulunkulu ekhona (futhi efuna abantu bazi ngakho), ubeyodala isimo lapho noma yimuphi umuntu onengqondo engakholelwa kuye. Nokho, kukhona nabantu abanengqondo abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, okuyinto ephambene nokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu. Kuyafana nenkinga yobubi.
- Abanye
Bangaki abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu emhlabeni?
Ukulinganisa ngokunembile inani labantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu emhlabeni kuwumsebenzi onzima ngoba umqondo wokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uyahlukahluka. Ngo-2007, kwalinganiselwa ukuthi u-2.7% wabantu bonke babengabakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngenkathi abanye abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu bethathe amafilosofi ezwe (njengobuntu kanye nokungabaza), akukho mbono owodwa noma umthetho wokuziphatha bonke abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu abanamathela kuwo. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kuwumbono womhlaba omncane kune-theism, ngakho umthwalo wobufakazi awuweli kulabo abangakholelwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu, kodwa kumakholwa okumele avikele ubuNkulunkulu bawo.
Iyini i-agnosticism?
Umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu ngumuntu ongakholelwa noma ongakholwa ebukhoneni bukaNkulunkulu , kuyilapho abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu nabangekholelwa kuNkulunkulu bekholelwa futhi bengakholwa, ngokulandelana. Leli gama laqanjwa yisazi sezinto eziphilayo esidumile uThomas Henry Huxley ngo-1869. Lo mbono ugcizelela ukuthi iqiniso lezitatimende ezithile, ikakhulukazi lezo eziphathelene nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kukaNkulunkulu, kanye nezinye izimangalo zenkolo neze-metaphysical, yilezi:
- Akwaziwa. Lokhu kwamanje kubizwa nge-moderate agnosticism.
- engaziwa ngokwemvelo. Futhi lokhu njenge-radical agnosticism.
Ngokusho kwe-RAE ( Royal Spanish Academy), umuntu ongazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu ungubani uchazwa kanje:
Kusukela esiGrekini. ἄγνωστος ágnostos 'akwaziwa' kanye ‒́ico. 1. i-adj. Phil. Okuhlobene noma okuhlobene ne-agnosticism. 2. i-adj. Phil. Ubani othi agnosticism. Uhlelo lokusebenza. kwe., utcs
Umuntu ongakholelwa kuNkulunkulu uthi akanawo umbono ngokuba khona kukaNkulunkulu ngoba ukholelwa ukuthi abukho ubufakazi obucacile bokuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona noma cha . Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu :
- ukungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Akakholelwa ebukhoneni banoma yimuphi unkulunkulu, kodwa akasho ukuthi uyazi ukuthi onkulunkulu bakhona noma cha.
- i-agnostic theism. Akenzi sengathi uyazi ukuthi uNkulunkulu ukhona, kodwa usakholelwa kukho.
- ukunganaki noma i-pragmatic agnostic. Abukho ubufakazi bokuba khona noma ukungabi khona kwanoma yimuphi unkulunkulu, kodwa njengoba noma yimuphi unkulunkulu ongaba khona ubonakala engenandaba nenhlalakahle yendawo yonke noma izakhamuzi zakhona. Ukuba khona kwawo kunomthelela omncane noma awanawo nhlobo ezindabeni zabantu futhi kufanele kube nokubaluleka okulinganayo kwezenkolo.
- I-agnostic eqinile. Njengoba ngokwemvelo yethu asikwazi ngokujulile ukuqinisekisa ubukhona bukankulunkulu noma onkulunkulu, ngaphandle kokuhlangenwe nakho okuphathekayo, bayangabaza ubukhona babo ngoba akekho ongakufakazela.
- vula i-agnostic. Bakholelwa ukuthi ubukhona bukankulunkulu noma onkulunkulu akukaqinisekiswa okwamanje, kodwa abakhiphi ukuthi kungase kutholakale kamuva.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-agnosticism, nansi isixhumanisi.
Ngithemba ukuthi uma ubunemibuzo mayelana nomehluko phakathi kwabantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu kanye nenkolelo yokuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa, lo mbhalo uye wayixazulula.