Kunenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele ezihlinzeka ngezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane emhlabeni wonke, ngaphezu kokuhlinzeka ngezindawo ezihlukahlukene ezinothile ngezakhi zemvelo ezihlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo kukhona imihlume, okuyindawo yomhlabathi namanzi ene ubuhle obuyingqayizivele, izimbali zomhlume nazo ziyagqanyiswa, ezibonakala kuphela kulolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem, esihlokweni esilandelayo izici eziyisisekelo zezitshalo zawo zizokwaziwa.
I-Mangrove Flora
Iplanethi enguMhlaba yakhiwe izifunda ezihlukahlukene ezinezici ezihlukile ezizihlukanisa phakathi kwazo, okugqamisa kulokhu izindawo ezishisayo lapho kunohlobo oluthile lwe-ecosystem eyaziwa ngokuthi imihlume, lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane; Ngokuvamile itholakala ezindaweni ezisogwini nezinomswakama, ngakho inezimboni zasemanzini kanye nomhlaba. Imihlume inezihlahla ezidinga amanzi amaningi ukuze ithuthuke, itholakala emifuleni nasemachibini, kanti futhi zimbalwa izifunda ezinalolu hlobo lwemvelo kuyagqama.
Ingenye yezinto eziphilayo ezisengozini yokushabalala emhlabeni wonke, zibonakala ngokuba ntekenteke kakhulu, yingakho kwenziwa ucwaningo ukugwema ukulahleka kwale ndawo. Ukubaluleka kwalolu hlobo lwama-biomes emvelweni kukhulu kakhulu, kunikeza ibhalansi nokuzinza kwemvelo emhlabeni wethu. Ukumelwa kwezindawo ezishisayo zalesi simiso semvelo kunikeza amathuba okutadisha ukuziphatha kwemvelo, atholakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, njengase-Indonesia, e-Afrika, eNingizimu Melika, eMelika Ephakathi, e-Asia nase-Oceania, kuya ngesimo sezulu isifunda esinaso. , ungathola okungaphezu kwalolu hlobo lwe-ecosystem.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zomhlume, futhi kuye ngokuthi zihlukaniswa kanjani zinezinhlobo zezitshalo, lesi sici singenye yezinto ezikhanga kakhulu zalesi simiso semvelo, ubuhle bemvelo obunikezayo endaweni eshisayo busiza inhlalakahle yeplanethi, okuyinto yingakho isithandeka njengomuntu ophilayo. Ngenxa yezitshalo zomhlume, ivumela izilwane ezithile, njengoba zisebenzisa lezi zinzuzo ezitholakala uhlaza ukuze zidle futhi zibe nendawo yokuhlala, ngamanye amazwi, zisungula indawo yazo yokuhlala; Ungabona ama-crustaceans nezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezisogwini, nazo ezifunwa kakhulu ngabantu ngokudla kwazo futhi ezinomthelela ekuthengisweni nasemnothweni wesifunda.
Ezindaweni ezinodaka singathola izingwenya, izimfezi, amanqe, ondlunkulu, ama-otters, ama-molluscs, phakathi kwezinye. Njengoba lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo sinezimo ezikhethekile, sivumela izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezilwane ukuba zihlalisane kulezi zindawo, njengezimbaza, izindwandwe, amabhubesi olwandle, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, izilwane ezihlala emanzini nasemanzini nezikelemu. Izinhlobo zezitshalo kanye nezitshalo zomhlume zimelela enye yemvelo ekhiqiza kakhulu, eqokomisa imihlume, lapho igama le-ecosystem yamukelwa kulo muthi; ivumela izinyoni ukuthi zisondele emagatsheni awo ukuze zimise izidleke zazo ngaphandle kobunzima, lokhu kuchaza inani elikhulu lezinhlobo ezitholakala kulezi zindawo.
Izici Zomhlume
Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezivezwayo zihlukahlukene kakhulu, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezingatholakala zihlukile futhi zikhethekile; Inokumelana okuphezulu nokugxila okuphezulu kukasawoti, okusho ukuthi lesi sici sibangelwa ukwakheka kwayo kwe-sodium chloride. Igcina ukusebenzisana phakathi kwendawo yasolwandle nendawo yasolwandle, ngale ndlela ungakwazi ukufinyelela lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo. Kuya ohlotsheni lomhlume, izimbali zingahlukahluka, ngakho-ke imihlume ngokuvamile iveza uhlobo olufanayo lwezinhlobo, okokuqala kunomhlume omhlophe, kukhona nokuba khona komhlume obomvu, umhlume ompunga, nomhlume omnyama; Ungathola imindeni engaphezu kuka-20 yalesi sihlahla kanye nezinhlobo ezincane zalezi, ngasinye siveza isitshalo esithile.
Inikeza izinsiza ezihlukahlukene zezemvelo futhi iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekulondolozweni kwezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo; Lesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo sinciphisa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi ngokuvimbela inhlabathi ethile ukuba igcinwe emabhishi. Lezi zindawo zivame ukuba namaxhaphozi, ngakho zinenani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo ezithanda kokubili uhlaza lwazo nezilwane ezihlala kulezi zindawo ezishisayo.
Imihlume iwumthombo wokudla kwazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, ezingayithola emilanjeni noma ezilwaneni zazo, kukhona ngisho nemiphakathi esebenzise lezi zindawo ngenjongo yokuthengisa, ukuze isebenzise zonke izici zayo zemvelo ukuze zithole imali. Esinye sezici zayo eziyinhloko iphunga elithile elikhiqizwa kulezi zindawo ezishisayo, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inikeza inani elincane lomoya-mpilo emhlabathini owakhiwe ngosawoti omningi.
Izitshalo zomhlume zijwayelana nalezi zindawo ezinodaka, ngakho izimpande zawo ziyindlela ezisebenzisayo ukunikeza umoya-mpilo ohambisanayo kulezi zindawo, izimpande zingaphandle ukuze zikhiphe umoya-mpilo phezulu, lesi sici sinikeza umthelela obonakalayo kulesi simiso semvelo esinikeza ubuhle bemvelo kanye eyingqayizivele. Ngenxa yohlaza kanye nezitshalo zomhlume kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala kule ndawo, njenge-heron emhlophe ne-pelican ensundu. Ezwekazini lase-Asia kubuye kubhekwe njengohlobo lwesimiso semvelo, kuyindawo yemvelo yezimfudu eziwuhlobo olusengozini yokushabalala, njengoba zingahlala emihlumeni kuphela.
Kwenzeka okufanayo ngezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezwenikazi lase-Asia, endabeni yezingwenya ezidinga lesi simiso semvelo ukuze siphile, ngenxa yezakhiwo ezivezwa izitshalo zomhlume. Ukuzinza okuhlinzekwa yimihlume endaweni ezungezile kuvumela ukulingana ohlelweni lwezemvelo lapho izilwane kanye nohlaza kuhlangene khona kule ndawo yemvelo.
Ukubaluleka Kwemihlume
Ukubaluleka kwezitshalo zomhlume kuqukethe izici zayo zemvelo nezemvelo, indawo yemvelo enemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokugcina indawo isesimweni esikahle sohlobo ngalunye oluhlala kulezi zindawo. Ngale ndlela, kumiswa ibhalansi phakathi kwezindawo zasemanzini kanye nezindawo ezisemhlabeni, okutholakala kuzo izinsiza ezahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa izinga lempilo yomuntu, endaweni yemithi nasekudleni nasekudleni. ezentengiselwano..
Ngenxa yezici zayo zemvelo iyasiza ukulondoloza iplanethi, nokho lesi simiso semvelo singenye yezinto ezintekenteke kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu lokhu kulinganisela kwemvelo konakalisiwe, kuthinta zonke izinhlobo ezincike kulesi sikhala ukuze ziphile, kanjalo njengezinzuzo ezingasetshenziselwa izakhiwo zayo ezitshalweni zayo.
Ngokubaluleka imihlume enakho, singagqamisa yonke into ephilayo le ecosystem enayo, njengodoti ohlanganisa amahlamvu omhlume asezobuna, lezi zisebenza ngendlela ehlukahlukene njengomnikelo wemisoco eyahlukene. vuna ukuthuthukiswa kwezilimo.
Iphinde ivumele inhlabathi ukuthi ifakwe umoya-mpilo ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphilayo, yingakho kuthiwa zinikeza ukuphila kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo ngokugcina umjikelezo nokulingana kwawo. Inamandla okugcina inhlabathi, okusiza ukuqinisa inhlabathi ngokunciphisa ukuguguleka kwayo. Ngendlela efanayo, ihlunga amanzi ukuze ingaqukathi imfucuza nanoma iyiphi into enobuthi engathinta izilwandle nemifula; Lesi sici sibaluleke kakhulu emihlumeni ngoba kuyindlela yokuhlanza yemvelo lapho imvelo kufanele ilondoloze izakhiwo zayo zemvelo.
Ukubaluleka okuyinhloko komhlume ukunikeza ukuzinza ekudlulisweni kwamanzi emhlabathini ongaphansi, ukuze unikeze lo mthombo oya olwandle ngaphandle kokuba nento elimaza ulwandle. Eminye imisebenzi yale ecosystem wukuthi iphethe inqubo lapho ikhipha usawoti emanzini angafinyelela endaweni ewumhlaba ukuze kuqalwe ngedamu lendawo.
Le nqubo ivumela inani likasawoti elikhona ezindaweni zawo ukuba linciphe ukuze lisetshenziswe ezindaweni ezahlukene, lokhu kutholakala ngenhlabathi enodaka kanye nezimpande zezitshalo zomhlume, ezifeza zonke lezi zindlela. enikeza lezi zici emanzini. Izitshalo zomhlume zinemisebenzi eminingi ngokuphathelene nezinqubo ze-oxygenation yomhlabathi, ngendlela efanayo inikeza isivikelo esikhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini, ngoba kunciphisa ukuguguleka okukhona emanzini kanye nomoya, ngakho ingasetshenziswa izakhiwo zamakhemikhali enazo ezakhiweni zayo.
Ngokunjalo, kukhona ukuvikeleka okukhulu emabhishi, imihlume inesibopho sokugcina isihlabathi endaweni yasemhlabeni, ngale ndlela ukulingana kwemvelo phakathi kwezindawo ezisogwini kanye nezindawo zomhlaba kungasungulwa; Okunye okuhle ngalesi simo sezulu wukuthi sinciphisa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu okudalwa wukukhula kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kanye ne-greenhouse effect.
Izitshalo zomhlume zinamandla okumunca amagesi anobuthi ukuze ziwaguqule zibe imfucumfucu edluliselwa emhlabathini ongaphansi ukuze yenze inqubo yemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukukhula komphumela we-greenhouse. Nokho, lapho la magesi anobuthi eqile, izimila ziyathinteka ngoba azikwazi ukumelana nalezi zilinganiso ezinkulu, ezithinta inqubo yokuhlunga.
Ngendlela efanayo, izitshalo zomhlume zinomthelela ezinsizakalweni ezingatholakala kulesi simiso semvelo, esivuna imiphakathi esendaweni efanayo nale ndawo yemvelo, ingakwazi ukusizakala ngemisebenzi yayo yemvelo kanjalo nezindawo zayo. kanye nezimila nasezindaweni ezisogwini. Inamandla okuzinzisa isimo sezulu saleso sifunda, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iyakwazi ukubamba amagesi abamba ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise isomiso ngenkathi igcina indawo ezungezile ngomhwamuko omncane ongathinta le ndawo yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane, okungukuthi, Ngamanye amazwi, imvelo ayithintwa kakhulu izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezikhiqizwa namuhla.
Ngenxa yalobu buhle bemvelo kugqugquzelwe ezokuvakasha, lapho abantu bethola ithuba lokuvakashela lezi zindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezemvelo, yingakho izifunda zilokhu zixhumana nale ecosystem ukuze ihehe lapho ungabona khona izindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngakho-ke kungashiwo ukuthi izitshalo zomhlume zibe nomthelela emnothweni wedolobha kodwa hhayi kuphela ekudleni kodwa ekudumeni kwesifunda, lokhu kufakazela imali engenayo esetshenziselwa intuthuko kwezezimali kanye nemisebenzi engaba yimpumelelo. okwenziwa kulezo zindawo.
Izinkinga Zemvelo Zomhlume
Izitshalo zomhlume zibaluleke kakhulu emvelweni, kodwa ziphinde zivezwe kuzo zonke izinkinga eziye zakhiqizwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezenzo zabantu, eziye zalimaza imvelo ehlukahlukene, eshintsha ibhalansi yemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, lesi simiso semvelo somhlume singesinye sezisengozini kakhulu, esibangela ukulahlekelwa ukulingana kwemvelo kanye nemithombo yemvelo le ndawo eyinikezayo emvelweni. Ukungcola kuye kwanda ngenxa yezimboni kanye nezenzo zokungabi nasibopho zabantu, abalahla udoti kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokhu kungase kube nomthelela onjani emhlabeni.
Ubumqoka bezitshalo zomhlume kungenxa yokuthi ezokuvakasha sezigqugquzelwe kuleso sifunda, inkinga ukuthi bezinkulu yingakho le ndawo ihlaselwe yizilwane eziningi okuphazamise isitayela kanye nezinga lempilo yazo. . Lapho umuntu ethatha le ndawo eshisayo ukuze asizakale izinzuzo zalesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo, uhlasela ibhalansi yemvelo, ngaleyo ndlela acekele phansi indawo ezungezile.
Ngokunjalo, ngokufudumala kwembulunga yonke, kudala izinguquko zesimo sezulu ezilimaza indlela yokuphila yazo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezisesimisweni semvelo, kuthinta ngokuqondile izitshalo zomhlume eziwumthelela wokumunca amagesi abamba ukushisa kodwa ngokulahlekelwa ukulingana kwesimo sezulu. kuthinta ukukhula kwazo kanye nemisebenzi yazo yemvelo.
Ukweqisa kwepulasitiki kuthinte kabi imihlume, lo mkhiqizo wezimboni wenziwa ngezinto eziphuma ku-petroleum, ngakho-ke inqubo yokubola kwayo ihamba kancane, ithatha iminyaka engaphezu kuka-700 ukucekela phansi izingxenye zayo, ngenxa yalokhu imifula nolwandle kungcoliswe ngokushintsha izakhi zawo. ukwakheka kwemvelo, kungaphinda kuminze izilwane ezihlala kulezi zindawo.
Kuze kwafakazelwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ziye zadla le pulasitiki futhi zafakwa ushevu, okubangela ukufa kwazo ngezinto ezinobuthi emizimbeni yazo, lokhu kudala ezinye izinkinga zemvelo okuhlanganisa ukubola kwezinhlobo zezilwane ngemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali ekhipha izakhi ezinobuthi ezikhiqizwa kulokhu. inqubo. Njengoba ezokuvakasha ziye zaba ziningi, abantu abaningi abavakashela lesi simiso semvelo baye balahla izinhlobo ezahlukene zikadoti eziye zathinta kokubili izilwane kanye nezitshalo zomhlume, ngenxa yalokhu ukungcoliswa komhlabathi, umoya nolwandle kwanda kakhulu. .
Ukuxhashazwa ngokweqile kwezinsiza ezinikezwa yilesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo nakho kuye kwalimaza ukuzinza kwayo, okubangela ukuba ilahlekelwe ibhalansi yemvelo enayo phakathi kwendawo yogu kanye nendawo ewumhlaba, okubandakanya zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala kule ndawo eshisayo, iziphathimandla ezinazo. yabeka imithetho nemithetho yokuvimbela ukulimala okwengeziwe kwemvelo ngemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezimboni nezentengiso.
Sithemba ukuthi le ndatshana ibe wusizo, sikushiyela abanye ozokuthakasela ngokuqinisekile:
Izimbangela Nemiphumela Kadoti
Ukuxhashazwa Kwemithombo Yemvelo