Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi izinkathi zomlando ziyini, hlala ngoba kulolu shicilelo sizokutshela konke okuphathelene nenye ngayinye yazo.. Uhlobo lwabantu luye lwashiya uphawu lwalo izigidi eziningi zeminyaka. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, kuye kwafundwa futhi kwathuthukiswa amakhono ahlukene, njengokukhuluma, ukubhala, namasu anjengezolimo, imfuyo, ukudoba, njalonjalo. Ngaphezu kwesayensi, ifilosofi, ukubonakaliswa kobuciko noma ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi ngokwawo.
Lonke lolu chungechunge lwezehlakalo yilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi olwakha lokho esikwazi namuhla njengomlando. Kodwa akuzona zonke izigaba zomlando ezifanayo, kodwa izikhathi ezahlukene zingahlukaniswa phakathi kwawo. Lezi zikhathi yizo ezakha inkathi ngayinye yomlando.
Ezinhlanu yizikhathi ezithathwa njengezinkathi ezehlukene, lapho uhlobo lomuntu, indlela yokucabanga, ukwenza, ukuhlobana, njll. Isuke ekuphileni emigedeni yaya empilweni esiyiphilayo namuhla emadolobheni athuthuke kakhulu, hhayi engqalasizinda kuphela kodwa nakwezokuxhumana, ezinhlotsheni zentuthuko, inhlangano yezenhlalo, njll.
Yiziphi izinkathi ezinhlanu zomlando?
Ngaphambi kokwazi ukuthi lezi zinkathi ezinhlanu zomlando ziyini, okokuqala kufanele sicace ngomqondo womlando futhi ngaleyo ndlela sikwazi ukuqonda kungani uhlobo lwesintu kuye kwadingeka lwenze lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwesikhathi nokuthi yini ebalulekile ngayo ngayinye yazo.
Siyaqonda nge umlando, ucwaningo oluhlobene nezenzakalo ezenzeka esikhathini esidlule, ngaphezu kokuhlaziywa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu emhlabeni. Ngomlando, into ofuna ukuyifinyelela iwukufunda ngezandulela zethu, okungukuthi, lapho sivela khona, babengobani futhi kanjani abantu bokuqala abakhe emhlabeni, yiziphi izinhlobo zokuphila ezalandela, yini noma ababekhona emhlabeni ngaphambi kokuba umuntu aphile. izinhlobo.
Indaba ephathelene nemvelaphi nokuthuthuka kwesintu ingaba banzi kakhulu. Ukuze sazi idatha yokuqala ngabantu, kufanele sibuyele emuva ezigidini zeminyaka. Kule ncwadi, sizokhuluma ngezinkathi ezihlukene zomhlaba ngokulandelana kwazo, sizosuka kwendala siye kweyamanje kakhulu ukuze siqonde kangcono imvelaphi yalokho esiyikho namuhla.
Kunezinkathi ezinhlanu ezinkulu lapho umlando uhlukaniswa khona, futhi phakathi kwazo ezinye iziqephu zingatholakala. Sikhuluma nge-Prehistory, i-Ancient Age, i-Middle Ages, i-Modern Age futhi ekugcineni i-Contemporary Age.. Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwenziwa ngenxa yokuthi kuzo zonke izenzakalo ezibalulekile zenzeka ngokuvela kwezinhlobo zezilwane.
iminyaka yomlando womhlaba
Njengoba sesishilo, umlando uhlukaniswe izinkathi ezinhlanu ezahlukene, okuye kwasho ushintsho olubalulekile endleleni yokuphila yalowo mphakathi.
- Umlando wokuqala: iqala ngemvelaphi yesintu, kuze kube yilapho kusungulwa ukubhala
- Ukuguga: kusukela ekubukeni kokubhala, kuze kufike ukuwa koMbuso WaseRoma
- Iminyaka ephakathi: iqala ngokutholwa kweMelika futhi iphela ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu
- Iminyaka yesimanje: kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nanhlanu kuze kube sekuqaleni kweNguquko yaseFrance
- Iminyaka yesimanje: kusukela ekhulwini le-XNUMX kuya ekuphileni kwamanje
Umlando wokuqala
Sizohlaziya inkathi ngayinye yomlando, sichaze ukuthi leyo nkathi yayihlanganisani ukuze sithole umbono walokho okwenzeka futhi ngaleyo ndlela sikusize uqonde ukuthi konke kwenzeka kanjani. Isigaba sokuqala esizosihlaziya ngokulandela ukulandelana kwezikhathi yi-Prehistory, izehlakalo ezikude kakhulu nalokho esikwaziyo namuhla.. Lesi sigaba sihambisana nokuvela kokuqala kwalokho okwakubhekwa njengohlobo lwabantu, ezigidini zeminyaka edlule.
Kusukela kulokhu kubonakala kokuqala kwezinhlobo zabantu kuya kuma-homo sapiens, abhekwa njengokhokho wethu wokuqala, Lolu hlobo seludlule ezigabeni ezehlukene zokuziphendukela kwemvelo, hhayi nje ngokomzimba kodwa futhi ngokolwazi namakhono.
I-Prehistory ihlanganisa umugqa wesikhathi obanzi kakhulu, okuwenza ube yisigaba somlando eside kakhulu esake saphila. Ihlanganisa, njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, kusukela ekubukeni kwe-hominid yokuqala, ekusungulweni kokubhala. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, okuye kwadinga izigidi eziningi zeminyaka ukuze kufezwe.
Lesi sigaba somlando sihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu ezahlukene: I-Paleolithic, i-Neolithic kanye ne-Age of Metals. Ngalokhu kuhlukaniswa, sifuna ukuchaza ngendlela engcono zonke izehlakalo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo okwenzeka ezikhathini ezishiwo zomlando.
I-Paleolithic
Abantu bokuqala abasinda ngokusekelwe ekuzingeleni, ukudoba nokuqoqa izithelo bayavela. Amathuluzi enziwe ngezandla kusetshenziswa izinto eziwazungezile. Babeyimizulane, ngakho babengenandawo ezinzile.
Ngaphakathi kwalesi sigaba umlilo uvela, esinye sezenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomlando, okwakuvumela ukupheka, ukushisa nokukhanyisa ebusuku. Okunye okufanele kukhulunywe ngakho ubuciko bedwala emigedeni.
I-Neolithic
Uhlobo lwabantu luqala ukukhiqiza ukudla kwalo ngezolimo nemfuyo, okusho ushintsho olukhulu endleleni yokuphila. Impilo yemizulane iyekelwa eceleni futhi bagcina sebezihlalele, ngenxa yamasu okuphakela babengasadingi ukuthuthela kwezinye izindawo kwase kwakhiwa imizana yokuqala.
Ukuguga
https://historia.nationalgeographic.com.es/
Iqala ngokuvela kokubhala, isikhathi somlando wesintu, futhi iphetha ngokuwa koMbuso WaseRoma ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX.. Kulesi sigaba somlando, imibuso yokuqala nezindlela zokuhweba ziqala ukuvela. Impucuko yokuqala yayizinikele kakhulu kwezolimo nemfuyo.
Lapho besungula indlela yokuphila yokuhlala, bayahamba kwavela impucuko yokuqala njengesiGreki, iGibhithe, iMesopotamiya, iPheresiya namaRoma. Abantu baseMesophothamiya bangabakhi bokusungulwa kohlelo lokunisela lwezolimo. Kulesi sigaba somlando, izenzo zobugqila, izimpi, nemibono yokuqala yezinhlelo zezombangazwe kuyagqama.
Kwakukhona intuthuko enkulu emfundweni yomphakathi, ukubonakala kwefilosofi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela izinhlelo ezithile zokukholelwa nenani. Ngokuqondene nenkolo, izinkolelo zokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa kanye nokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa ziqala ukuvela.
Iminyaka ephakathi
https://elpais.com/
Lesi sigaba sisuka ekuweni koMbuso WaseRoma, futhi siphetha ngokutholwa kweMelika ngonyaka we-1492.. Izehlakalo zomlando ezibalulekile zenzeka kuwo wonke amazinga: ezombangazwe, ezomphakathi kanye nezomlando.
Uhlelo lwe-feudal lubonakala njengohlelo lwezombangazwe oluyinhloko, amakhosi ayenamandla phezu kwezwe alalela ngesikhathi esifanayo isibalo senkosi eyayibusa phezu kwezizwe noma izinhlanga ezahlukene.
UbuKristu buzuza amandla futhi busakazeka ezindaweni ezahlukene buba enye yezinkolo ezivelele kakhulu evela eYurophu. Umphakathi wamaKrestu wahlukaniswa ngalesi sikhathi waba ngabantu abakhethekile nabangenamalungelo, abakha izigaba ezintathu ezahlukene; izicukuthwane, abefundisi futhi ekugcineni abantu abavamile. Umnotho ugxile kwezolimo nezohwebo, ngakho abathengisi nezingcweti baba ngabantu ababalulekile.
Ngalesi sigaba, kwakhiwa amanyuvesi okuqala.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwavela izilimi ezintsha ezifana neSpanishi noma isiFulentshi. Izikhungo ezibalulekile njengamahholo amadolobha namaphalamende nazo ziyavela.
Izingxabano zempi phakathi kwabantu ngenxa yokungezwani kwezenhlalo noma ngokwenkolo zazivamile. Yisikhathi seziMpi Zenkolo kanye ne ukushushiswa ngokwenkolo, okuningi kwakho okwaqedwa ngenxa yokubhekwa njengezihlubuki.
Iminyaka yesimanje
Iqala ngokutholwa kweMelika ngonyaka we-1492 futhi iqhubeke kuze kube sekuqaleni kweNguquko yaseFrance. ngo-1789. Kuyinkathi engokomlando lapho kubonakala khona ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okukhulu, ngenxa yomshini wokunyathelisa owawuvumela izincwadi ukuba zifinyelele emagumbini amaningi. Amadolobha abelokhu ethuthuka, afinyelela izinga elihle lokuhlela kanye nedolobha.
Ukwandiswa konxiwankulu kuhlanganiswe kulesi sigaba somlando ngenxa ukukhula kohwebo kanye nemisebenzi yezimboni. Uhwebo lwasolwandle luyakhula futhi umcimbi obaluleke kakhulu kwaba ukutholakala okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kweMelika.
Kuvela imisinga emisha yemicabango efana ne-humanism kanye ne-rationalism, ekhuthaza imisinga emisha yefilosofi. Ngasekupheleni kweNkathi Yesimanje i-current of the Enlightenment ivela, inhlangano yamasiko eyashintsha impilo yengqondo, eyeka ukuba uNkulunkulu umuntu oyinhloko wesithakazelo futhi egxile kumuntu.
Iminyaka yesimanje
Sisenkathini yokugcina yomlando, iNkathi Yesimanje. Isiqalo salesi sigaba sitholakala ekuqaleni kweNguquko yaseFrance ngonyaka we-1789 futhi sidlulela namanje.. Izehlakalo eziningi zenzeka phakathi nalesi sigaba somlando; INguquko YaseFrance, INguquko Yezimboni, iMpi Yezwe I, ukwanda kwe-fascism, neMpi Yezwe II ngezinye zezenzakalo ezaziwa kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwakho konke lokhu esisanda kuqamba ngakho, Kufanele sinikeze ukubaluleka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo osekuvele mayelana namalungelo, imisebenzi kanye nenkululeko yezakhamuzi kanye namaqembu ahlukene.. Ukulingana kufunwa abesifazane, izinhlanga, ukukhetha ubulili, njll. Imicimbi eqhubeke kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukungalingani kwezenhlalakahle kusaqhubeka nokuba khona futhi onxiwankulu basungulwa njengesigaba esihamba phambili. Isigaba esisha siyavela, isigaba esiphakathi, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwezenhlalo.
Umbono uqala ukuvela wokuthi ngabantu okufanele baphathe ubukhosi, hhayi inkosi, balandele imithetho futhi babeke ukulingana. Ubukhosi buqondwa njengenhlangano eyakhiwe yizo zonke izakhamuzi. Ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, uMthetho Womthetho uyavela, lapho ohulumeni bezibophezela ukulandela nokuziphatha ngokuvumelana nomthetho wamanje.
Ayaguquka izinhlelo zezomnotho ezinikeza izwe lezenhlalakahle, umkhakha wesayensi nawo uyakhula ngokwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila, ngisho nokuqeda izifo ezake zabulala. Ezinye izenzakalo ezibalulekile ukuhlola indawo, ukubukeka kwezwe lekhompiyutha, i-intanethi nezinye eziningi.
Abantu bebelokhu bekhona emhlabeni izigidi zeminyaka. Ukuze siqonde kangcono ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuthuthukiswa kokubili kwezinhlobo zabantu kanye nomnotho, umphakathi, ezombangazwe, njll., besihlaziya inkathi ngayinye yomlando ukuze siqonde kangcono. Sithemba ukuthi lokhu kuzokusiza futhi kususe noma yimiphi imibuzo ongase ube nayo mayelana nalesi sihloko.
