I-United States Statue of Liberty iyisithonjana., ngaphezu kokubhekwa njengengcebo yesizwe. Ingenye yezithombe ezihlonishwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi minyaka yonke abantu abangaphezu kwe-4.000.000 babonga ubukhulu balolu phawu lwenkululeko, ugqozi kanye nethemba.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi mayelana umlando kanye nemvelaphi yeSifanekiso Senkululeko kusuka eNew York, sizobe sesikutshela ngakho.
Ithini indaba ngeStatue of Liberty?
Ngo-1865 amaFulentshi U-Auguste Bartholdi wayenombono wokwenza isipho kubantu base-United States evela eFrance. Lo mculi ubengumsekeli oshisekayo we-United States futhi wayefuna ukukhumbula iminyaka eyikhulu ye-Declaration of Independence..
Ngaleyo minyaka, kwakunobuhlobo obuseduze phakathi kwala mazwe amabili, futhi washukunyiswa ukuqedwa kobugqila kwamuva nje e-United States. Leli qiniso lalikhuthaza imibono yenkululeko kanye nokulingana phakathi kwazo zonke izakhamuzi evela e-United States. Umklamo wesifanekiso wawuqukethe izimpawu eziningi njengoba ubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando wayo uxhumene ngokujulile nokuvela kwenkululeko nobuciko kuzo zonke izinkathi ezahlukene, isihloko ongasihlola esigabeni sethu umlando wobuciko.
I-Statue of Liberty yaxhaswa kanjani ngezimali?
Izimali zaqoqwa futhi iminikelo eminingi yangasese yenziwa ukuze uqale ukudala iSifanekiso Senkululeko eFrance. AmaFulentshi ayezoxhasa ngezimali wonke umfanekiso oqoshiwe, kuyilapho abantu baseMelika bezoxhasa ngezimali isisekelo esimi kuso namuhla eLiberty Island.
Ukuze bathole izimali, amaFulentshi ayesebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuhlela imicimbi yomphakathi ehlukahlukene, ilotho, noma iminikelo yemali eyimfihlo evela kosomabhizinisi baseFrance. AbaseMelika, bona, babambe imicimbi eminingana yezinhlangano ezisiza abampofu kanye nemibukiso yobuciko ukuze kuxhaswe isisekelo, okubonisa ukuzibophezela komphakathi waseMelika emzamweni wenkululeko.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo eyenziwa yizizwe zombili, ukuqongelela imali eyanele yokwakha lesi sisekelo kwakuhamba kancane. Ngo-1885 uJoseph Pulitzer wanquma ukushicilela isikhangiso ephephandabeni lakhe laseNew York, lapho amema bonke abafundi bakhe ukuba benze iminikelo kule ndaba. Ekugcineni, bakwazi ukuqongelela imali engaba ngu-$100.000, futhi ngenxa yalo mbono omuhle, isisekelo sesithombe senziwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe kwaqedwa eFrance ngoJulayi 1884.. Lesi sithombe esiqoshiwe saphakama ngaphezu kophahla lwaseParis silindele uhambo lwaso lwasolwandle, umcimbi owawuzophawula isahluko esisha emlandweni weSifanekiso Senkululeko. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezikhumbuzo ezinhle ku I-Mount Rushmore.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umdwebi uRichard Morris wakhethwa, phakathi kwabanye abaklami bezakhiwo abaningi bangaleso sikhathi, ukuze aklame isisekelo se-granite sesithombe esibaziwe esikhulu, esasizoba uphawu lwezakhiwo nezobuciko kumongo womlando weSitatimende Sokukhululeka.
Uhambo lweSifanekiso Senkululeko
Ukuhlela uhambo lwe-transatlantic lweSifanekiso Senkululeko, i-grande dame yehliswa yaba izingcezu ezingama-350 futhi yapakishwa emabhokisini angaphezu kuka-200.
Umkhumbi wasuka eFrance futhi wafika echwebeni laseNew York ngoJuni 17, 1885. Lesi sithombe sahlala siyizicucu kwaze kwaba yilapho umsebenzi wesisekelo usuqediwe ngo-April 1886.
Umlando weSifanekiso Senkululeko kanye nesiqhingi saso kube yizinguquko eziqhubekayo. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka lesi siqhingi sasibalulekile, njengoba kwakuyikhaya laboMdabu baseMelika futhi kamuva sahlala izifiki ezingamaDashi. Ngo-1807, ibutho laseMelika lasungula ibutho lezempi esiqhingini futhi lakha inqaba yokuvikela iNew York Harbor. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukwakhiwa kweSitatimende Senkululeko kuwuphawu lwesiqhingi, njengoba izenzakalo eziningi zomlando zenzeke lapho ezakha uhlamvu lwesizwe, ingqikithi engabonakala futhi Izinganekwane nezinsumansumane.
Ithoshi
Umdwebi waseFrance ucabange ukuthi ithoshi akufanele libaswe ngomlilo, njengoba lokhu kungenza isifanekiso sibe sengozini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokugqwala okungabangelwa umlilo ezintweni zokuqala.
Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni salokho Kwafakwa ipuleti lethusi eliqinile elinombala osagolide ukuze likhanye emini. Phakathi nekhulu lokuqala leminyaka, ithoshi liye lalungiswa kaningi. Eqinisweni, lapho iLady Liberty yembulwa ngo-1886, imigqa emibili yamehlo ezinkunzi yasikwa ethusi ngaphansi kwethoshi, ukuze ilikhanyise kusukela ngaphandle nangaphakathi—isinqumo esibalulekile emlandweni weSifanekiso Senkululeko.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ibhande le-crystal engu-18-intshi lashintsha umugqa ophezulu wama-portholes kanye isibhakabhaka esiyipyramidal esinengilazi ebomvu, emhlophe nephuzi yafakwa phezu kwelangabi.
Izinguquko zaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1916, lapho ithusi lisuswa ngokuphelele futhi kwafakwa ingilazi yenhlaka, ngaleyo ndlela kubonisa ukuthi umbono wesithombe uguquke kanjani eminyakeni edlule, inqubo ebuye ibonwe Ubuciko bamaHindu.
Ngo-1931 kwafakwa uhlelo olusha lokukhanyisa, okwakudinga ukwakhiwa kwezimbobo ezimbili engxenyeni yethoshi, okwathi ngayo kwafakwa ama-projektha amaningana alingisa ilangabi.
Ngenxa yokugeleza kwemvula nokugqwala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Ngo-July 4, 1984, ingxenye yethoshi yokuqala yathathelwa indawo umfanekiso.
Yimaphi amanye amaqiniso ajabulisayo owaziyo ngeSifanekiso Senkululeko eNew York?