I-Statue of Liberty e-United States iyisithonjana kanye nengcebo yesizwe. Ingenye yezithombe eziqashelwa kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi minyaka yonke abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezine bazisa ubukhulu balolu phawu lwenkululeko, ugqozi, nethemba.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngomlando kanye nemvelaphi yeStatue of Liberty eNew York, sizokutshela ngezansi.
Ithini indaba ngeStatue of Liberty?
Ngo-1865, umdwebi waseFrance u-Auguste Bartholdi wacabanga ngomqondo wokunikeza abantu base-United States isipho esivela eFrance. Njengomsekeli oshisekayo we-United States, wayefisa ukugubha iminyaka eyikhulu yeSimemezelo Sokuzimela sezwe.
Phakathi naleyo minyaka, kwakukhona ubungane obuseduze phakathi kwala mazwe amabili, futhi wathinteka kakhulu ukuqedwa kobugqila kwakamuva e-United States. Lesi senzakalo sakhuthaza imibono yenkululeko nokulingana phakathi kwazo zonke izakhamuzi zase-United States. Umklamo wesithombe ucebile ngezimpawu, njengoba ubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando waso uhlobene ngokujulile nokuvela kwenkululeko nobuciko kuzo zonke izinkathi ezahlukene, isihloko ongasihlola esigabeni sethu somlando wobuciko.
I-Statue of Liberty yaxhaswa kanjani ngezimali?
Kwaqoqwa imali futhi kwenziwa iminikelo eminingi yezimali ezizimele ukuze kuqalwe ukudala iStatue of Liberty eFrance. AmaFulentshi ayezoxhasa lonke isithombe, kanti abantu baseMelika babezoxhasa isisekelo esimi kuso namuhla eLiberty Island.
Ukuze bathole izimali, amaFulentshi ayesebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene, njengokuhlela imicimbi yomphakathi ehlukahlukene, ilotho, noma iminikelo yemali eyimfihlo evela kosomabhizinisi baseFrance. AbaseMelika, bona, babambe imicimbi eminingana yezinhlangano ezisiza abampofu kanye nemibukiso yobuciko ukuze kuxhaswe isisekelo, okubonisa ukuzibophezela komphakathi waseMelika emzamweni wenkululeko.
Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo eyenziwe yizizwe zombili, ukuqoqa imali eyanele yokwakha isisekelo kwakuhamba kancane. Ngo-1885, uJoseph Pulitzer wanquma ukushicilela isikhangiso ephephandabeni lakhe, i-New York Times, emema bonke abafundi bakhe ukuba banikele kulo mkhankaso. Ekugcineni, bakwazi ukuqoqa imali engaba ngu-$100.000, futhi ngenxa yalo mbono omuhle kakhulu, isisekelo sesithombe sakhiwa.
Ukwakhiwa kwesithombe kwaqedwa eFrance ngoJulayi 1884. Lesi sithombe esikhulu sasimi phezu kophahla lwaseParis, silinde uhambo lwaso olwandle—isenzakalo esasizophawula isahluko esisha emlandweni weSitatimende Senkululeko. Ungathola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezikhumbuzo ezinkulu eNtabeni iRushmore.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umdwebi uRichard Morris wakhethwa, phakathi kwabanye abaklami bezakhiwo abaningi bangaleso sikhathi, ukuze aklame isisekelo se-granite sesithombe esibaziwe esikhulu, esasizoba uphawu lwezakhiwo nezobuciko kumongo womlando weSitatimende Sokukhululeka.
Uhambo lweSifanekiso Senkululeko
Ukuze kuhlelwe uhambo lokuwela i-Atlantic lwe-Statue of Liberty, ugogo wancishiswa waba yizicucu ezingu-350 futhi wafakwa emabhokisini angaphezu kuka-200.
Umkhumbi wasuka eFrance wafika eNew York Harbor ngomhlaka-17 Juni 1885. Lesi sithombe sahlala siyizicucu kwaze kwaba yilapho umsebenzi wesisekelo uqedwa ngo-Ephreli 1886.
Umlando weSitatimende seNkululeko kanye nesiqhingi saso ungowoshintsho oluqhubekayo. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, lesi siqhingi sasibalulekile, saqala sahlalwa ngabantu bomdabu baseMelika futhi kamuva sahlalwa ngabantu baseDashi. Ngo-1807, iButho lase-US lasungula ikamu lezempi esiqhingini futhi lakha inqaba yokuvikela iNew York Harbor. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukudalwa kweSitatimende seNkululeko kuwuphawu olunamandla lwesiqhingi, njengoba kuye kwenzeka izenzakalo eziningi zomlando lapho ezakha ubuntu besizwe—isihloko esibonakala nasezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni.
Ithoshi
Umdwebi waseFrance wayenomuzwa wokuthi isibani akufanele sivuthelwe ngomlilo , njengoba lokhu kungabeka isithombe engozini ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokugqwala okungabangelwa umlilo ezintweni zokuqala.
Ngakho-ke, kwafakwa ipuleti lethusi eliqinile, elinombala wegolide endaweni yalo ukuze likhanye emini. Phakathi nengxenye yalo yokuqala yekhulu leminyaka, ithoshi lenziwa izinguquko eziningi. Eqinisweni, lapho iLady Liberty ivulwa ngo-1886, imigqa emibili yemigodi yasikwa ibe yithusi phansi kwethoshi ukuze ilikhanyise kusukela ngaphandle nangaphakathi—isinqumo esisha emlandweni weSitatimende Senkululeko.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ibhande lengilazi elingamasentimitha angu-18 lathatha indawo yomugqa ophezulu wama-portholes kwathi kwafakwa isibani se-pyramidal esinengilazi ebomvu, emhlophe nephuzi phezulu kwelangabi.
Izinguquko zaqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1916, lapho ithusi lisuswa ngokuphelele futhi lathathelwa indawo ngengilazi enombala ophuzi, ngaleyo ndlela kwabonisa indlela umbono wesithombe oye washintsha ngayo eminyakeni edlule, inqubo ebonakala nasebucikoni bamaHindu.
Ngo-1931 kwafakwa uhlelo olusha lokukhanyisa, olwaludinga ukwenza izimbobo ezimbili engxenyeni yethoshi, lapho kwafakwa khona amaphrojektha amaningana alinganisa ilangabi.
Ngenxa yokuvuza kwemvula nokugqwala ngenxa yokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngoJulayi 4, 1984, ingxenye yesibani sokuqala yathathelwa indawo yikhophi.
Yimaphi amanye amaqiniso ajabulisayo owaziyo ngeSifanekiso Senkululeko eNew York?