Umlando we-Albania ngamafuphi, esizowuhlola kulesi sihloko, ube yindawo yamasiko ahlukene amakhulu eminyaka. Eqinisweni, ngendawo yayo ku- inhliziyo yaseBalkan, leli zwe livame ukwenza njenge ibhuloho phakathi kwempumalanga nentshonalanga.
Eqinisweni, umlando ulethe ingxubevange enkulu yezizwe nezizwe e-Albania, esahlukanisa le ndawo nanamuhla. Kulesi sihloko sidlula ndawonye Umlando wase-Albania, edabula izinkathi ezihlukene zomlando ukuze azi kafushane umlando wase-Albania. Ekugcineni, sizokunikeza amathiphu okuhamba e-Albania ukuze abuyele ezindaweni zalo ezikhazimulayo zesikhathi esidlule.
Izigaba zomlando wase-Albania
Umlando wase-Albania ungahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana. Ngayinye yalezi zikhathi zomlando ibe nesandla ekulolongeni abantu banamuhla base-Albania. Ngempela, impucuko yasendulo njenge illyrian nokunqoba abantu njenga amaRoma, amaByzantine y ottomans, ziye zaba nengxenye emakhulwini eminyaka adlule ekwakheni isizwe esinomuzwa onamandla wokuba indawo yaso.
Ngakho-ke ake sibone umlando wase-Albania kafushane nokuthi yiziphi izikhathi main zomlando.
| Isikhathi | Izikhathi Ezomlando |
|---|---|
| 700 BC - 200 BC | Ama-Illyrians namaMakedoniya |
| 200 BC - 395 AD | ukunqoba kwamaRoma |
| 395 - 1.190 | Umbuso waseByzantine |
| 1.190 - 1.368 | Iminyaka ephakathi |
| 1.368 - 1.481 | I-Skanderberg kanye ne-Principality yase-Albania |
| 1481 - 1912 | umbuso we-ottoman |
| 1912 - 1924 | Ukuzimela kwe-Albania |
| 1924 - namuhla | Iminyaka yesimanje |
I-Illyria yasendulo kanye namaMakedoniya
Nakuba i-Albania yayisivele yakhiwe ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, iminonjana yokuqala yempucuko ehleliwe ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini lesi-7 BC. C. Phakathi nenkathi eholela ekhulwini lesi-4 BC. C., indawo yanamuhla yaseWestern Balkans yayigcwele abantu illyrian. Isikhathi eside bahlala beyizigelekeqe nezigelekeqe, ezihlelwe zaba uchungechunge lwezizwe eziholwa inkosi eyodwa. Isikhungo sawo esikhulu sasihambisana nedolobha lamanje lase I-Scutari. Kunoma yikuphi, lesi sibalo sasheshe sahlangana nempucuko yamaGreki, eyasungula amadolobha afana nalokhu I-Durres y I-Apollonia e-Albania.
Ngo 358 BC. C., umlando washintsha ngokuphawulekayo e-Albania. Empeleni, Macedonia yaba amandla amakhulu endaweni yaseBalkan, futhi UFiliphu II waseMakedoniya Ekugcineni wawanqoba ama-Illyrians. Ngemva kwalesi senzakalo esibalulekile, imikhankaso yezempi ka U-Alexander the Great en iPheresiya, futhi ngosizo lwama-Illyrians, owaba yibutho lezempi elihlonishwa kakhulu lomholi.
ukunqoba kwamaRoma
Ngekhulu lesithathu B.C. C., umlando wase-Albania wabona ukungena kwe ama-romanos e-Illyria. Eqinisweni, ukwanda okukhulu kwe- umbuso waseMakedoniya kwaholela ekungqubuzaneni okungenakugwenywa phakathi kwemibuso emibili emikhulu. Edolobheni lasendulo Fenice, eduze kwaseSaranda, kwaba nezimpi ezibalulekile phakathi kweziqhwaga ezimbili ezaphela ngokunqoba kokugcina kwamaRoma ngo-168 BC. Ngaphansi kokubusa kwamaRoma, i-Albania yaba izwe elibusayo. Isifundazwe saseRoma sase-Illyria. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwasungulwa amadolobha amaningi, njenge Inkinobho, noma izikhungo ezindala zatholwa Hellenic njengoba I-Apollonia. AmaRoma nawo ashiya uphawu olujulile enkolweni yase-Albania..
Umbuso waseByzantine
Ngo-AD 395, uMbuso WaseRoma wahlukana futhi i-Albania yaba ingxenye ye- UMbuso WaseRoma WaseMpumalanga. Ngakho-ke, kusukela kulo mzuzu, isikhathi sokubusa kwe amaByzantine. Kodwa ukulawula kwakhe i-Illyria yasendulo ngeke kusebenze. Eqinisweni, i-Albania yahlukunyezwa kaningi ngamaqaba goth y izigqila, futhi kamuva kwe abaseBulgaria. Ikakhulukazi, badala izinkinga eziningi emadolobheni aseByzantium angaphakathi, aphinde aphinde aphinde aphinde abuyele ekhulwini lesi-XNUMX ngekhulu le-XNUMX. UMbusi uTheophilus.
Naphezu kwalesi sikhathi sokungazinzi njalo, ngaphansi kweByzantines leli dolobha labhekana nezikhathi zobukhazikhazi bobuciko obukhulu. Eqinisweni, amahle izindela ze Zvenec, i-ardinica y Berat Zisukela kulesi sikhathi.
inkathi ephakathi
Umlando wase-Albania ubona iNkathi Ephakathi Yakamuva njengenkathi yokuvuselelwa okukhulu. Eqinisweni, ngemva kochungechunge lokubusa kwamanye amazwe, i-Albania yaba ingxenye yezwe elibumbene ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni. Lesi kwakuyinkathi yokukhula nokuthuthuka okukhulu. Eqinisweni, leli dolobha laqinisa ukuxhumana neMaritime Republics yase-Amalfi naseVenice, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke lakha ubuhlobo obuqinile ne angevins, the suevi nezinkulu Imindeni yamaNorman. Lokhu kuvuselelwa kwamasiko nakho kukhombisa izici zaseYurophu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ekhulwini le-XNUMX, ithonya le- Serenissima yaseVenice kwaba okubaluleke nakakhulu endaweni yase-Albania nasedolobheni lase-Albania durazzo yaba isikhungo esibalulekile sezentengiselwano saseVenice.
I-Skanderbeg kanye ne-Principality yase-Albania
In the 1385 umlando e-Albania wabona kufika owokuqala Abanqobi baseTurkey, ngenhloso yokunqoba kanye ne-Islamizing iMedithera. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Principality yase-Albania yalawula isifunda, inqaba ebalulekile yobuKristu enobudlelwane obuhle kakhulu neRiphabhulikhi yaseVenice kanye ne IConstantinople.
Ama-Albania, aholwa yiqhawe lesizwe UGiorgio Castriota Skanderberg, isikhathi eside wamelana nokuvinjezelwa kwe-Ottoman. Inqaba yokuphikiswa kwe-Albania kwaba inqaba yaseKruje, isihlalo sobukhosi kanye nendawo yokuzalwa yase-Skanderbeg. Wahlanganisa bonke abantu besifunda ukuze balwe nokuqhubekela phambili kwamaSulumane, basungula isisekelo League of Albanian Peoples. Naphezu kokunqoba okuningi kanye nokuphikiswa okuvusa amadlingozi, uSkanderbeg wafa ngo-1468 enikeza ngempumelelo izihluthulelo ze-Albania UMbuso Wase-Ottoman.
umbuso we-ottoman
Lapho kufika UMbuso Wase-OttomanI-Albania yachitha amakhulu eminyaka angu-5 ngaphansi kombuso waseTurkey. Kodwa ukuguqulelwa kwe-Islam kwabantu base-Albania kwakungelula neze. Eqinisweni, imiphakathi eminingi yendawo yaphoqeleka ukuba ithuthele ngaleso sikhathi Umbuso waseNaples, ikakhulukazi eCalabria, ePuglia naseSicily. Ngisho nanamuhla emadolobheni amaningi aseningizimu kusuka e-Italy, njenge Piana degli Albanesi, ulimi lwesi-Albania lukhulunywa njengolimi lwesibili olusemthethweni.
Kunoma ikuphi, naphezu kwenkathi yokuqala yobunzima, ubuSulumane bukwazile ukunqoba, ikakhulukazi enkabeni ye-Albania, lapho kwaba khona ukuguqulwa kwezinhlanga ngokushesha. imirditi. Kodwa ngaphansi koMbuso Wase-Ottoman, umlando wase-Albania waba nezikhathi ezinzima. Eqinisweni, indawo yaseBalkan yabonwa ababusi baseTurkey njengendawo yokugcina yokufika ngaphambi kokunqotshwa kweYurophu.
Ukuzimela kwe-Albania
Ngekhulu le-1912, i-Albania yahlukaniswa yaba izifunda eziningana zangaphakathi. Iningi labantu base-Albania bezinhlanga lalicheme nababusi base-Ottoman, kuyilapho abakwaMird baqhubeka bethembekile kubo. Ngo-XNUMX, ngemva kweminyaka yezinxushunxushu zoguquko, sonke isifunda saseBalkan sase siphenduke ibhomu lesikhathi eside.
Eqinisweni, izwe ngalinye lafuna ingxenye yalo yendawo kanye neMpi Yokuqala YaseBalkan Kwaqubuka ngokuphumelelayo phakathi kwe-Albania, iSerbia, iGreece, iMontenegro noMbuso Wase-Ottoman. Ekupheleni kwengxabano, uMbuso Wase-Ottoman wanikeza izwe amalungelo athile futhi, ngosizo lwamandla amakhulu aseYurophu, Isikhulu Esisha sase-Albania.
Iminyaka yesimanje
Inkathi yangaleso sikhathi isifikisa ku-1924, unyaka lapho uBukhosi base-Albania baba khona IRiphabhulikhi yase-Albania futhi kamuva ku Umbuso wase-Albania. Lezi zinguquko ezinkulu zalethwa ukungazinzi okukhulu kwezombusazwe kanye nokuhlukana okuningi kwezinhlanga phakathi kweBalkan. Kwaba njalo ngesikhathi somhlangano Impi Yezwe Yesibili I-Albania yayihlaselwe amasosha ama-fascist namaNazi avela e-Italy naseJalimane.
Kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kuhlasela kwamasosha e-Axis, waqala ukubusa Enver Hoxha ngo-1944, owadala i- I-People's Socialist Republic yase-Albania. Ngakho izwe lazithola selingaphambi koshintsho olukhulu olusha futhi umbuso wamaKhomanisi waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngu-1991, unyaka lapho umbuso wamanje IRiphabhulikhi yase-Albania. Namuhla, i-Albania iyizwe elithuthuke kakhulu, elinezinga lokukhula elikhulayo.
ILebanon ingelinye lamazwe asafufusa aziwa kakhulu ngamaholide e-Italy eminyakeni yamuva nje. Izizathu ziningi: amanani ancintisanayo, ukuba seduze kwezwe lethu elihle, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, ubuhle bemvelo obumangalisayo, bomlando, kanye namasiko. Ngakho-ke, a uhambo oluya e-Albania Isiphenduke enye yezinto ezifunwa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinkathi zonyaka, ngenxa yesimo sezulu sayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizothola yini ongayibona e-Albania, okufanele ukwenze e-Albania y ezinsukwini ezingaki, ukuze usitholele iholide elihle!