Ukuba khona kokwanda kwabantu emadolobheni kanye nenani labantu emahlathini, kanye nokushiywa kokuphathwa kwamahlathi kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kubalulekile ekuqondeni okwenzeka eMálaga, eSierra Bermeja, indawo enenani eliphezulu lemvelo elasha izinsuku eziningi. Lokhu sekuvele kwenzeka eSpain ngawo-90. Futhi kubalulekile, ukuqonda imililo yesikhathi esizayo, ukusebenzisa umqondo "wefasitela lesikhathi esizayo . "
Lapha sichaza ukuthi umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha uyini , kanye nezibonelo ezithile.
umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha
Umlilo waseSierra Bermeja, esifundazweni saseMalaga, uhlukile kumongo owenzeke kuwo. Sekuke kwaba nemililo ebizwa ngesizukulwane sesithupha, njengalona waseSpain, kodwa ukusondela kwamadolobha nokufudukela kwabantu emadolobheni kusho ukuthi, kuhlangene nokulahlwa kokuphathwa kwemvelo nomthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, sekuphenduke umlilo ongajwayelekile. .
Umqondo wokukhiqizwa komlilo uhlobene nobudlelwano phakathi kokuziphatha komlilo kanye nesakhiwo sendawo. Lezi zici ezimbili ziyasebenzisana emililweni yehlathi, futhi kuye ngomongo, zisiholela ekuhlukaniseni uhlobo lomlilo njengoluhlukile.
Usho ukuthini umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha?
Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, ngokufuduka kwabantu basemakhaya kanye nokwehla kokusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo, umlilo uye wavela. Kodwa yiziphi izizukulwane zokuqala ezinhlanu? Sizochaza ngezansi:
- Isizukulwane sokuqala: umlilo uthatha isivinini ezindaweni zokulima ezingalinyiwe.
- Isizukulwane sesibili: Khona-ke, ukushiywa kwehlathi elikhulayo, okuwumphumela walokhu okungenhla.
- Isizukulwane sesithathu: i-landscape dichotomy: izindawo zasemadolobheni ezinomthamo omkhulu wezindawo zamadolobha amakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, izindawo zasemaphandleni ezingenalutho. Eqinisweni, kukhona ukuhlobana kokuthi kuye ngobukhulu behlathi, umlilo uzoba njalo.
- Isizukulwane sesine: Bayingozi kakhulu, sesibe nabo eSpain iminyaka eminingi, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-1994, cishe akekho okhuluma ngabo. Ukuya emadolobheni kanye ne-chalets phakathi nendawo yasemaphandleni.
- Isizukulwane sesihlanu: Isizukulwane esibizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesihlanu siqala ukukhiqiza eCalifornia, e-Australia, ezindaweni esezingcolisiwe kakade, uma sikhuluma ngokwezindawo zasemadolobheni, njengeziqhingi zaseCanary noma iValencia, lapho amahlathi engasakwazi ukuhlukaniswa nokuya emadolobheni. Ziyizindawo zamahektha amakhulu afanayo. Bese kuba nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, lapho umkhathi uziphatha ngendlela engazinzile, futhi awukwazi ukuwulawula lowo mlilo. Futhi, abantu abahlala eduze kwale mililo. Kuba indaba yokuvikelwa komphakathi esikhundleni sokuphathwa kwamahlathi.
Uma kukhona into eyodwa ehlanganyelwa yimililo yesizukulwane sesine nesesihlanu, kuyisici esinqumayo njengohlobo lokuhlala emadolobheni kwezindawo ezinehlathi "ezingenawo umngcele" okwaqala ukwakhiwa ngawo-90 . Lena yimililo "ye-wildland-urban interface".
Umlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha: Ibhizinisi elinempilo yalo?
Futhi, kulesi sigaba, ake sixoxe ngokuthi kusho ukuthini umlilo wasendle wesizukulwane sesithupha. Lokhu kubhekisela esizukulwaneni esisha semililo yamahlathi ebilokhu isenzeka eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia eminyakeni engama-25 edlule, ikakhulukazi eCatalonia, esifundeni saseSolsonès, kanye nezingxenye zeBages neLa Segarra. Leli iqiniso elisha okumele licatshangelwe. Njengoba kwenzekile eSierra Bermeja eMálaga, ukwanda kwenani lezindlu nezakhiwo ezindaweni ezinehlathi kuyisici esivamile kuyo yonke le mililo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amazinga okushisa enyuka, isimo sezulu siyashintsha . Ukunganakwa kokuphathwa kwamahlathi kuyisici sesithathu esenza umlilo, okwenzeka ngokwemvelo ohlelweni lwemvelo, ungalungiseki futhi unciphe kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezinhle.
Emlilweni walolu hlobo, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi ikhono lokucima umlilo liyalahleka, ukuphakama kwamalangabi kungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, izinga lokushisa alamukeleki, futhi indiza ayisasebenzi lapha ; okuwukuphela kwento engenziwa ukudala izithiyo zomlilo nokushisa uphethiloli ukuze kubekwe izithiyo ukuze lapho ufika kungasali lutho oluzosha.
Kuba yimpi lapho isifunda sifinyelela esizukulwaneni sesithupha somlilo; kubonakala sengathi umlilo usanda kuba yinto enomphefumulo. Kuleli qophelo, umlilo uthuthukisa umoya wawo. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlilo udala lokho esikubiza ngokuthi inqubo yokuguqula , futhi umoya, ukuma komhlaba, noma izitshalo akusabalulekile. Kuyisiphepho, futhi sizothuthukisa inqubo yokuguqula ezodala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amafu e-pyrocumulus.
Ingozi enkulu yomlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha
Uma ifu le-pyrocumulus lifinyelela "ophahleni" lwalo—ingxenye ezinzile yomkhathi—lingaba umlilo oqhumayo , futhi umlilo unganetha. Yilokhu okwenzeka eCalifornia, futhi kuyingozi kakhulu. Ngeshwa, awukwazi ukulwa nemililo yasendle yesizukulwane sesithupha. Okuwukuphela kwento ongayenza ukuthuthukisa isu lokuzivikela, uzama ukubeka phambili nokuvikela okubaluleke kakhulu.
Umlilo awukwazi ukulawulwa. Okuwukuphela kwento engenziwa ukuzama ukuwuqondisa lapho uzodala khona umonakalo omncane kakhulu, bese ulinda izimo zezulu zishintshe, ngoba yilapho kuphela lapho umlilo ungacinywa khona. Isizukulwane sesithupha sihlobene kakhulu nokushiywa kokuphathwa kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Uvelaphi umqondo womlilo wesizukulwane sesithupha?
Imodeli yesizukulwane yaphakanyiswa ukuchaza ukuvela kwemililo yasendle kusukela ngawo-60 , lapho izinguquko zaqala ukwenzeka ezindaweni zasemakhaya, futhi imililo yaba yinkimbinkimbi futhi inamandla kakhulu. Ezinye izici ziye zacatshangelwa, njengezindawo ezakhiwe eziyizindlu zesibili, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlu, noma ngisho nemizana, okwenza isimo sibe nzima nakakhulu. Lezi zinto zivimbela imizamo yokulwa nomlilo.
Izibonelo zemililo yesizukulwane sesithupha:
- Pedrogão (Portugal), ngo-2017.
- I-Las Peñuelas, Doñana (Huelva), ngo-2017.
- Catalonia, ngeminyaka yama-90s.
- Sierra Bermeja (Malaga), ngo-2021.
Lezi zimo zizosiza ekudaleni amamodeli ezibalo okubikezela ukuthi imililo yasendle izoba njani eminyakeni engama-25 ezayo . Isihluthulelo sakho konke lokhu sisekuhlanganeni kwezindawo zamahlathi nezindawo zasemadolobheni; okungukuthi, ihlathi eliminyene liya ngokuya lizungezwe izakhiwo, okwenza imizamo yokulwa nomlilo ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuyona nje indaba yokubhekana nokucima umlilo, kodwa futhi nokususa nokuvikela izindawo zokuhlala emadolobheni kanye namadolobha aseduze nendawo eshisiwe.
Indlela yokugwema imililo yesizukulwane sesithupha?
Njengoba namuhla kunezindawo zasemadolobheni eziseduze nezindawo ezinamahlathi, esingasakwazi “ukuziqeda,” izinyathelo zokuvimbela zizoba:
- Dala indawo ehluke kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi, hhayi ukusebenzisa ukutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi kuphela amahlathi kaphayini, kodwa kuhlanganise nezinye izinhlobo zemvelo ezilingisa ngokuseduze ukulandelana kwemvelo. Ngalokhu sisho ukufaka izinhlobo ze-shruby ezijwayelekile zendawo, isibonelo, endabeni ye-Andalusia, i-lavender, i-rosemary, i-jarales, i-broom, phakathi kwabanye.
- Gwema ukuthi indawo yasemadolobheni ifakiwe noma iqhubeke nenqwaba yehlathi. Lokhu kugwenywa ngokwenza izinqamuli zomlilo, okungukuthi, izindawo ezingenazo uhlaza futhi ezinciphisa izindawo, ukuze umlilo ungabi namandla.
- Nika amandla izindawo zezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukuhlolwa komthelela okwamanje kusho ukuthi kufanele kube nokufinyelela okulula ezinsizeni eziphuthumayo (amaloli ezicishamlilo, ama-ambulensi), ukufinyelela akuhlali kukuhle ngaso sonke isikhathi. Eqinisweni, lokhu kube ngesinye sezithiyo ezimbi kakhulu ezike zaba khona emililo yesizukulwane sesithupha.
