Uke wazibuza ukuthi indawo yonke yavela kanjani, uma yadalwa noma yavela nje, kunemibono eminingana ngale ndaba futhi kulesi sihloko sibonisa konke odinga ukukwazi ngakho. umsuka wendawo yonke.
Kunemibono eminingana yemvelaphi yendawo yonke kanye ne Umsuka kanye Nemvelo Yomhlaba esiphila kuyo njengamanje. Eminye imibono ihlanganisa i-Big Bang theory, ithiyori ye-Steady State, ithiyori ye-Oscillating World, kanye nethiyori ye-Inflationary. Uma unentshisekelo esihlokweni, ungafunda futhi ngaso umsuka wendawo yonke ngokweminye imithombo.
Njengoba umuntu ekhona, imvelaphi yobukhona bakhe ibilokhu ibuzwa, kungani impilo yakhe futhi vele, umhlaba ahlala kuwo noma ahlala kuwo.
Ngale ndlela, iminyaka eminingi ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene, abafundi abaningi besayensi yendalo baye baqhamuka nemibono ehlukene ezama ukuchaza. uyini umsuka wendawo yonke, ngokunyakaza namazwi ahambisanayo mayelana nemvelaphi yomhlaba.
Namuhla kunemibono emine mayelana nemvelaphi yendawo yonke, kulena emibili kuphela evunyelwe ukuyichaza ukuthi indawo yonke yakhiwa kanjani, lawa ama-Big Bang kanye ne-Inflationary theory.
I-Big Bang Theory
Iqiniso eliqashelwa kakhulu ngemvelaphi yendawo yonke lisekelwe enhlekeleleni engakaze ibonwe emlandweni, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Big Bang. Labo abavikela i-Big Bang bathi kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi noma eziyizigidi ezingu-10.000 edlule.
Igagasi elikhulu lokwethuka labangela ukuba wonke amandla abonwayo nezinto emhlabeni (kuhlanganise nendawo nesikhathi) kuvele ngaleso sikhathi njengazo zonke izinhlobo zamandla angaziwa. I-hypothesis iyaqhubeka nokweseka ukuthi ngemva kokuwa okuphelele, ukwanda kuzolandela, enye i-Big Bang, njalo njalo ochungechungeni lonke lwe-Big Bangs kanye ne-Big Crunch engabonisa nenani elingapheli lomhlaba. Nakuba le thiyori ingachazi ukuqala kwe-Big Bang ngokwayo, iyisisekelo imibono ngendawo yonke.
I-Inflationary Theory
Ekubonakalisweni kwasekuqaleni kwe-Big Bang hypothesis babe nezinkinga ezingakaxazululwa. Isimo sendaba ngosuku lokuqhuma asizange sivumele ukuthi kusetshenziswe imithetho evamile yemvelo.
Wazalwa kanje lo mbono, owawuzothuthukiswa ekuqaleni kwawo-80 ngusosayensi waseMelika u-Alan Guth.
Ngokwalokhu kucatshangelwa, okwadala lokhu kuqhuma okukhulu amandla okwehla kwamandla emali asetshenziswa phakathi nesikhathi esibalulekile, okuvumela indawo ebonakalayo yomhlaba ukuba yakheke.
Ithiyori ye-Inflationary ihlukanisa phakathi komhlaba wangempela nomhlaba obonakalayo. Leli zwe elibonakalayo yilelo elihlala abantu futhi lincane kunomhlaba wangempela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le theory iyasiza futhi ukuqonda umkhathi ongapheli.
I-inflation ye-cosmic izibonakalisa njengezinhlayiya eziminyene kakhulu, ezishisayo futhi inawo wonke amandla nesisindo somhlaba, nakuba incane kune-proton, iqala ukusakazeka okuqhubekayo ezigidini zeminyaka eye yadlula kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. ngaleso sikhathi..
I-Stady State Theory
I-Steady State prototype yahlongozwa ngo-1948 nguHerman Bondí, uThomas Golf noFred Holyle. I-Bondi negalofu ibonise impikiswano yefilosofi, isebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Isimiso Esiphelele Sokujikeleza Komhlaba" lapho umhlaba, nawo ufana ncamashi, ubonisa ukubukeka okufanayo nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.
Ngokwenkolelo-mbono ye-Steady State, i-cosmos ibilokhu ikhona. Iphuzu eliyisisekelo lalokhu kulungisiswa yiqiniso lokuthi umhlaba, naphezu kwenqubekelaphambili yawo yokusabalalisa, uhlala unobuningi obufanayo, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwawo okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha.
Le nkolelo-mbono, eyayisesikhathini sayo sokudlondlobala ngawo-50, ivame ukuphonselwa inselelo osonkanyezi abahlukahlukene abasekela inkolelo-mbono ye-Big Bang namuhla.
Ubani owayidala?
UJames Jeans, ngeminyaka yawo-1930s, wayengomunye wabokuqala abacabanga nge-Steady State cosmology, okuwukusungulwa okucatshangelwayo okuhlala njalo kwezinto emhlabeni. Ngokulandelayo, le miqondo ihlobene ne- umsuka wenyanga.
I-Oscillating Universe Theory
Le theory ye-Oscillating or Pulsating iwumcabango ohlongozwa nguRichard Tolman esitshela ukuthi umhlaba uzoba owokugcina kwabaningi ukuphuma esikhathini esidlule, ngenxa yokuqhuma nokufinyela okuqhubekayo.
Isazi sesayensi yemvelo esidumile saqinisekisa ukuthi i-cosmos empeleni ayizange ibe nokuzalwa okufanayo, kodwa kunalokho ibilokhu "Idala" futhi "Ibhubhisa" ngokwayo, idlula esigabeni sokunwetshwa kanye nesinye sokufinyela (esaziwa nangokuthi i-Big Crunch).
Le mbono yachithwa ngokwembulwa kwama-microwaves (1965), aqinisekisa ukuthi umhlaba kufanele ukuthi wawushisa futhi uminyene ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nalo mqondo, ungabona imisindo yendawo yonke.
Kodwa-ke, baphinde bavela ku-cosmology njengesibonelo somjikelezo, okwazi ukugwema konke ukubonakaliswa okubangele ukuthi i-Oscillating Universe theory ilahlwe ngawo-80.
Iyini i-Big Crunch?
Ukwehla okukhulu kobukhulu benkanyezi (implosion) emlandweni yilokho okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi iBig Crunch, ngokungangabazeki inkolelo-mbono eyayisekelwe ekupheleni okuseduze kwezwe ekhulwini lama-XNUMX.
I-Cyclic Universe Theory
Ngenkathi yawo-1930, izazi zefiziksi zetiyetha, ikakhulukazi u-Albert Einstein, zacabanga ngamathuba emodeli yomjikelezo womhlaba njengenye indlela ye-Big Bang.
Ingakanani i-Universe?
Iminyaka yomhlaba, ngokombono we-Big Bang, isikhathi somlando womkhathi esinqunyelwe ukuqhelelana kwawo kanye nokusakazeka kwawo kusukela ekuhambisaneni kwawo okuyingqayizivele ku-Big Bang. Ukuhlala kososayensi bamanje yiminyaka eyi-13,787 plus noma khipha i-0,020 billion.
I-Big Bang
Ku-cosmology, i-Big Bang, eyaziwa nangokuthi Ukuqhuma Okukhulu, kuqondwa njengesiqalo somhlaba, okungukuthi, indawo yokuqala yiyona eyadala izinto, indawo, nesikhathi. Ngokwemodeli ye-cosmological, i-Big Bang yenzeka cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13800 edlule.
Isazi Sezinkanyezi Esiyinhloko Sokuqhuma Kwendawo Yonke
Isazi sezinkanyezi u-Edwin Hubble (1889-1953), wayengusosayensi obaluleke kunabo bonke ekhulwini lama-1929, owaklonyeliswa ngenxa yokuqiniseka kwakhe okuphelele kokuthi ngo-XNUMX wayebonise ukusabalala kwezwe ngokulinganisa ukushibilika okubomvu kwemithala ekude, nalokhu ngokombono wesayensi yezinkanyezi. I-athikili Yokudalulwa Kwesayensi Yesistimu Yelanga.
U-Hubble uhlonishwa njengoyise we-observational cosmology, futhi amagalelo akhe kusayensi yezinkanyezi ne-astrophysics ahlanganisa imikhakha eminingi.
