Ubuxhwanguxhwangu akusona isigameko esisodwa noma umgilingwane ongenamiphumela: a uhlobo lodlame oluqhubekayo ezibeka engcupheni impilo, ukuhlalisana, nokufunda. Uma kunganakwa, kwenziwa ngokwejwayelekile, noma kuncishiswa, umonakalo uyaphindaphindeka kohlukunyeziwe, umhlaseli, ofakazi, kanye nesikole sonke.
Kule migqa siqoqa futhi sikuhlele ngendlela ecacile esikwaziyo ngemvelaphi yako, yayo izimbangela kanye nezici zobungozi, izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, kanye ne ukuvimbela nokungenelela esikoleni nasemndenini. Umgomo uyasebenza: ukunikeza amathuluzi okhonkolo ukubona ngesikhathi, ukwenza ngokuqina kanye nokwakha izindawo eziphephile nezihloniphekile.
Sisho ukuthini ngokuhlukumeza?
Ubuxhwanguxhwangu, obubizwa nangokuthi ukuxhaphazwa, kuwukuhlukumeza ngokomzimba, ngamazwi, emphakathini noma ngokwengqondo umfundi (noma abambalwa) akwenza komunye ehlelekile futhi ende, ukusizakala ngokungalingani kwamandla. Akulona lodwa uhlobo lodlame kulezi zikhungo, kodwa lungolunye olulimaza kakhulu ngenxa yokuphindaphinda kwalo kanye nokungabi bikho kosizo olukudalayo.
Kungenzeka phakathi kwesikole, kodwa kungagcini lapho: ulaka kanye nobuxhwanguxhwangu kungadlulela endaweni, izinto zokuhamba zesikole noma iziteshi zedijithali, kubangele ukuxhashazwa kwe-cyberLokhu kwakamuva kukhulisa ubukhulu bomonakalo ngokungasiqondi isikhathi noma indawo, nangomqondo wokungaziwa okhuthazwa ezinye izindawo eziku-inthanethi.
Ukuze ubuxhwanguxhwangu buchume, ngokuvamile budinga indawo lapho, ngokusobala noma ngobuqili, ibekezelela noma yenza udlame lube ngokwejwayelekile njengempendulo ezingxabanweni zansuku zonke. Yilapho ofakazi beqala khona ukudlala: indima yabo iwukhiye ekuhlakazeni okuguquguqukayo noma, ngokuphambene, ukuyiqinisa uma beshaya ihlombe, bathule ngenxa yokwesaba, noma babheke eceleni.
Ubuxhwanguxhwangu buphinde buphule amalungelo ayisisekelo ezingane njengelungelo loku imfundo nokuvikelwaKungakho le ndlela yokusebenzela ingeyona inketho: noma isiphi isikhungo esifisa ukuba nesimo sezulu esinempilo sidinga imigomo, ukusebenzelana, nesiko lokuvikela.
Izimbangela: ingxube yokufunda, imizwa kanye nezinzuzo zomphakathi
Ucwaningo kupsychology yokufunda komphakathi lukhombisile ukuthi ulaka ufunda ngokubuka nokulingisa izibonelo eziseduze (abadala, ontanga) namathonya abezindaba. Uma lokhu kuziphatha kuqiniswa (isimo, ukuhleka kontanga, ukungajezisi), kungenzeka kuphindeke futhi kusabalale.
Kunamazinga amabili okuxhashazwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunengxenye yemizwa: ukukhungatheka, ukusebenza okuphezulu komzimba noma ubunzima bokuzithiba, okuthi abanye bahambe ngokuziphatha okunolaka ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanye amasu okulawula ingcindezi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye yezinsimbi: a inzuzo yomphakathi noma yamandla (ukuphakama eqenjini, ukubusa, ukukhipha abahlukene), okudinga indawo ekubekezelela noma ukuyishayela ihlombe.
Ingqikithi yamasiko nenhlalo ibalulekile. Ezimweni lapho ubandlululo (ngobulili, ukucwasa kwabokufika, i-LGBTI-phobic, i-ableist) luvunyelwe noma lwenziwa kabusha, ubudlova cishe buqondiswe kulabo abahlanganisa lokho iqembu elikubiza ngokuthi "okuhlukile." Ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokukhuluma ngokusobala amagugu entando yeningi kanye namalungelo ezingane esikoleni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izici eziyingozi zomuntu siqu nezomndeni okuhlotshaniswa namathuba amakhulu okubamba iqhaza ekuziphatheni kobuxhwanguxhwangu njengomhlukumezi: ukuthatheka, ukuzazisa, ukwehluleka ezifundweni, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa, umlando wodlame ekhaya noma ukuxhashazwa komndeni, izitayela zokukhulisa izingane eziphoqelelayo noma ezivumela ngokweqile, ukucindezeleka komndeni, kanye nokuphazamiseka okuthile kwengqondo noma kokuziphatha (isb., i-ADHD, inkani ngokuphikisa noma okungahambisani nomphakathi) lapho bengenakho ukusekela noma ukungenelela okufanele.
Mayelana nemvelo yezemfundo nenhlalo-mpilo, okuguquguqukayo okufana nalokhu: ukungabi khona kwemithetho ecacile kanye nemingcele phakathi nendawo, ukugadwa kabi kwezindawo ezisengozini (amagumbi okugeza, amaphasishi, inkundla yokudlala, izinto zokuhamba zesikole), osayizi bamaqembu aphezulu, abangamaqembu antanga anemikhuba eyingozi kanye ukuthethelelwa kodlame emphakathini njengendlela yokufeza izinjongo.
Izinhlobo zokuhlukumeza esivame ukuzithola
Nakuba behlanganyela inhloso alulaze futhi athobe isisulu, izinhlobo zobuxhwanguxhwangu zizibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene futhi zivame ukunqwabelana. Ukuzazi kukusiza ukuthi uzibone kusenesikhathi nangcono.
Ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba. Ibonakala kakhulu futhi ivama kubafana: ukusunduza, ukushaywa, ukukhahlela, ukukhubeka, ukushaywa, kanye nokulimala noma ukwebiwa kwempahla. Ngaphezu kokulimala ngokomzimba, kuvame ukuhambisana nokukhathazeka okulindelekile nokwesaba ukuya esikoleni.
Ukuxhashazwa ngamazwi. Ukuthuka, iziteketiso ezilulazayo, izinsongo, noma ukuphawula okulimazayo. Ifuna ukucekela phansi ukuzethemba futhi iveze isisulu ekuhlekweni komphakathi. Olunye ucwaningo lubonisa lokho uthola isisindo ebusheni, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamantombazane.
Ubuxhwanguxhwangu bomphakathi noma obuhlobene. Ukuzihlukanisa ngamabomu, ukusabalalisa amahlebezi, ukukhohlisa ubudlelwano, nokungabandakanyi abantu emisebenzini. Umgomo uwukwenza lowo muntu azizwe ekhishwe inyumbazane eqenjini, ngokuqondile (ungamvumeli ukuba ahlanganyele) noma ngokungaqondile (ngokunganaki ukuba khona kwakhe).
Ukuxhashazwa ngokwengqondo. Amafomu angacacile kangako kodwa alimaza ngokulinganayo ahlanganisa ukubuka okweyisayo, ukuthinta okunonya, ukugxeka imizwelo, kanye nokuziphatha ngendlela ehlukumezayo ebukela phansi ukuvikeleka nokuzihlonipha komuntu ohlukunyeziwe.
Ukuxhashazwa ngokocansi. Ukuphawula okungavunyelwana ngakho, amazwi aqanjiwe, ukuthinta, noma ezinye izindlela zokuziphatha ezihlukumezayo ezisuselwe ekuhlonzeni ubulili noma ubuwena. Lokhu kuthinta ikakhulukazi izingane ze-LGBTI futhi, ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, zingakhula zibe abuso sex.
Ubuxhwanguxhwangu be-Cyberbullying. Ukuhlukunyezwa ngenkundla yezokuxhumana, imiyalezo, ama-imeyili, izithombe eziguquliwe noma amavidiyo. Imvelo yedijithali ikhulisa ububanzi bomonakalo, yenza kube lula ukungaziwa, futhi ikwenze kube njalo. unomphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi (akaphumuli ngaphandle kwamahora esikole).
Ukuze uthi shazi i izinkulumo ezivame kakhulu, lesi sifinyezo siwusizo:
| I-Tipo | Kubonakala kanjani |
|---|---|
| Okwenyama | Ukushaya, ukusunduza, ukukhahlela, ukulimaza/ukweba izinto womuntu ohlukunyeziwe. |
| I-Verbal | Inhlamba, iziteketiso, izinsongo, inhlekisa ngenhloso yokululaza. |
| Ezomphakathi/zobudlelwane | Ukuzihlukanisa, amahemuhemu, ukukhishwa emaqenjini nemisebenzi. |
| Ezengqondo | Ukwesabisa okucashile, ukuhlukumeza ngokomzwelo, ukushukuma komzimba okunobutha. |
| Ubulili | Amazwana ahlukumeza ngokocansi, izinkulumo noma ukuziphatha. |
| Ukuxhashazwa nge-cyber | Ukuhlukunyezwa ngezindlela zedijithali: imiyalezo, izithombe, amaphrofayili omgunyathi. |
Umthelela nemiphumela: izisulu, abahlaseli, ofakazi nomphakathi
Imiphumela incike kubude besikhathi, ukuqina nezisekelo ezitholakalayo, kanye nokwesekwa ukuqina nezinsiza izici zomuntu ngamunye ezincane. Phakathi kwezisulu, izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu, ukukhathazeka, ukudangala, ukuhoxa emphakathini, ukuzethemba, ukuhlanekezelwa kwengqondo ngabo kanye nomhlaba, futhi, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukucabanga ukuzibulala.
Labo abahlaselayo abaphumi bengenamyocu futhi: ukuhlasela okuhleliwe ikhubaza ukuthuthukiswa kwenhlalo-mnotho, kuholela ezinkingeni zokulungisa, ukucwaswa emphakathini kanye nemiphumela engokomthetho engaba khona uma isikhalazo noma inqubo yokuqondiswa kwezigwegwe ifayelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akuvamile ukuthi abanye abafundi badlule ku- indima ekabili (isisulu kanye nomhlaseli) ngezikhathi noma ezimeni ezahlukene.
OFakazi nabahlanganyeli nabo bayahlupheka: bangaphelelwa amandla odlame futhi balahlekelwe uzwela, noma bahlale ngokwesaba nokwesaba. imizwa yecala ngokwehluleka ukungenelela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimo sesikole siyaphazamiseka, ukusebenza kuyehla, nokunganeliseki kwawo wonke umphakathi wezemfundo kuyanda.
Mayelana nobukhulu, izifundo ziyahlukahluka, kodwa kunezimpawu eziyisixwayiso: imisebenzi ecashunwe eSpain ikhuluma ngayo izibalo zilinganiselwa ku-10% ePrimary abathi bake bahlushwa uhlobo oluthile lokuhlukumeza, futhi izifundo ezihlukene zamazwe ngamazwe zibeka ukwanda phakathi kwe-15% ne-50% yokuphila konke, kuye ngokuthi indlela yokusebenza nesampula.
Isikhungo sezemfundo nomphakathi ukhokha inani: ukuhlalisana kuyawohloka, ukwaneliseka komndeni ngokuwa kwesikole kanye amamodeli anobudlova ezihlanganisa ezinye izikhala zobudlelwano zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.
Ubani osengcupheni enkulu yokuhlukunyezwa nalapho kwenzeka khona
Noma yimuphi osemncane angaba isisulu, kodwa umongo ubalulekile. Lapho ukucwasa ngokobuhlanga noma ngokobuhlanga kubekezelelwa, labo okungenzeka babe yizisulu kungenzeka babe izisulu. bangabambalwa izizinda zobuzwe noma zenkolo. Ezindaweni ezicwasa abantu ngobulili, abantu abathandana nabantu abathandana bobulili obufanayo, noma abantu abashintshashintshayo, ukuhlaselwa kugxila ezindabeni zobulili noma umumo. Uma ukufakwa kungalungiswa, abafundi abakhubazekile noma i-ASD baba sengozini enkulu.
Kukhona futhi ubungozi lapho izindinganiso eziphakeme zingafinyelelwanga (imfashini, ukubukeka komzimba, isimo sengqondo) noma, ngokuxakayo, lapho impumelelo yengane efundayo, yezenhlalo noma yezemidlalo igqama futhi. izimbangi ezingaphethwe kahleNgakho-ke, kungcono ukugxila kancane ezicini zomuntu siqu futhi ngaphezulu kumagugu nokuchema okujikeleza ngaphakathi kweqembu.
Kwenzeka kuphi kaningi? Ezindaweni nezikhathi ezinokugadwa okuncane: amakhefu, amaphasishi, amagumbi okugeza, ukungena nokuphuma, izinto zokuhamba zesikole, noma indawo yokudlela. Ngisho nasekilasini, kungenzeka lapho ukunaka kukathisha kugxile komunye umsebenzi.
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso nokutholwa kusenesikhathi
Ubuxhwanguxhwangu buvamise ukwenzeka ngemuva kwabantu abadala, ngakho ukubuthola ngaphandle kokulinda "ubufakazi" obuphelele kudinga ukuqaphela izinguquko ezicashile. Kothisha, kubalulekile ukubheka izimpawu ezifana nalezi ukwanda kokulova, ukwehla kokusebenza, ukunganaki, ukudabuka, ukwethuka lapho ukhuluma ekilasini, ukuhleka noma ukububula lapho umfundi engena noma ephendula, noma engakaze akhethelwe umsebenzi weqembu.
Izinkomba kubahlukumezi okungenzeka: ukuziphatha okuyinselele, ukungabi nanhlonipho okuphindaphindiwe, ukugcona ontanga, ukuzikhukhumeza nezingane zakini noma abangani, ukulwa okuphindaphindiwe kanye ukungathobeli okuhlelekile yemithetho yokuhlalisana.
Emindenini, ezinye izimpawu ezibomvu zihlanganisa ubuhlungu bekhanda lasekuseni noma isisu esingenasizathu esicacile sezokwelapha, ukuqwasha noma amaphupho amabi, ukuphelelwa isifiso sokudla (noma ukufika ekhaya ulambile ngenxa yokuthi kuthathwe ukudla kwasemini), ukushintsha kwemizwa kungazelelwe, ukuhlukaniswa, izingubo eziphukile noma izinto, ukulimala okungachazeki, ukwenqaba ukusebenzisa izinto zokuhamba zesikole noma imizila evamile, nezaba ezingenakuphikwa. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kuphakame imicabango yokuzibulala, edinga ukungenelela kochwepheshe ngokushesha.
Ukuvimbela: isikole nomndeni ngokugxila kumagugu nokubamba iqhaza
Ukuvimbela kuyaqala kusukela ezigabeni zokuqala ngemfundo ngezindinganiso zokuthula, inhlonipho, nokubekezelelana. Ukubhekana ngqo namalungelo ezingane kusiza abafundi ukuthi bawahlanganise ezimpilweni zabo zansuku zonke. Ukubandakanya wonke umphakathi wezemfundo (imindeni, abafundi, othisha, nabasebenzi abangafundisi) kudala isimo sokwethembana esidingekayo ukuze kuxazululwe izingxabano ngesikhathi.
Isibalo esibalulekile yi- umxhumanisi wokuvikela Esikhungweni, indawo yokuxhumana yokuvula izivumelwano, ubuhlakani bokuqeqesha, amacala aqondisayo, futhi, uma kufaneleka, ukufaka izikhalazo. Le ndima yakha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kanye nezinyathelo ezingancikile esenzweni sokuzithandela.
Ngaphezu kwesenzo esiqhubekayo, izinsuku ezifana ne- 2 ngoMeyi (Usuku Lwamazwe Ngamazwe Olulwisana Nobuxhwanguxhwangu) amathuba okuqwashisa, izinkulumo-mpikiswano, kanye nezisombululo zokuhlola ngemisebenzi ehilela sonke isikole. Ukwenza kanjalo kunciphisa i-taboo futhi kunikeza abafundi nothisha ngamathuluzi okuthola nokuphendula.
Imisebenzi ephumelelayo Esikoleni Sojahidada Namabanga Aphansi ihlanganisa ukulingisa kanye ukudlala indima (ukushintsha izindima phakathi komuntu ohlukunyeziwe, umhlaseli kanye nesibukeli ukuze kukhuliswe amakhono okuzwelana nokuxazulula), imibuthano yezingxoxo ukwabelana ngemizwa nezingxabano, ukufundwa nezindaba mayelana nobungane nokufakwa nenkulumo-mpikiswano eyalandela, amathebula esibopho sokulawula ukuhlalisana kanye nokuguquguquka ukuqinisa okuhle eziqaphela ukuziphatha kwe-prosocial.
Kusukela esikoleni kulula ukwenza imephu izindawo eziyingozi futhi uqinise ukubhekwa kwabo, udale ikhodi yokuhlalisana edidiyelwe kuphrojekthi yezemfundo (okufanele ukwenze nokuthi ubani ongathintana naye), ukuqeqesha abasebenzi ngamakhono omphakathi, ukuxoxisana nokusetshenziswa okuphephile kobuchwepheshe, ukuqhuba izifundo zesakhiwo senhlalo yeqembu ukuhlonza amaphrofayili engcuphe kanye nokuchaza izivumelwano zokungenelela ngaphandle kwendawo yokuthuthukiswa.
Usekhaya, ukugcina imigudu yokuxhumana evulekile, ukulalela ngaphandle kokwahlulela, ukuqinisa ukuzethemba nozwela, nokubeka imingcele engaguquki nemithetho kubalulekile. Ukuqaphela izimpawu ezingokomzimba nezingokomzwelo kanye nokubika noma yiziphi izinsolo esikhungweni kuvumela finyeza izikhathi lokuhlupheka.
Ukungenelela: iphrothokholi, izinyathelo zokuvikela kanye nokwesekwa kokwelapha
Uma ubufakazi obuzwakalayo noma ukuqinisekiswa kuvela, isinyathelo kufanele sithathwe ngokushesha. Landela i- isikhungo somthetho futhi, uma ingekho, imithetho yesifunda. Yazisa abaphathi futhi, uma ubunzima budinga, ihhovisi lomshushisi wezingane noma amaphoyisa. Xoxa nesisulu, umhlaseli, nofakazi abaneziqinisekiso nokugcinwa kuyimfihlo.
Isikhungo kufanele sithathe izinyathelo zokuqapha ezilinganayo (ukuvikela isisulu, ukuhlukaniswa kwezikhala, ukuphelezelwa ezindaweni zokungena nokuphuma, ngisho ukuxoshwa okwesikhashana noma unomphela womhlukumezi, uma kufanele). Konke lokhu ngenkathi kuhlonishwa imithetho yokuvikela idatha kanye nezithakazelo ezihamba phambili zengane.
Ngokuhambisanayo, isisulu sidinga ukusekelwa ngokwengqondo. ukwelashwa okukhethekile Kuqala ngokuhlolwa komtholampilo kanye nezimo, kuqhubeke nohlelo lomuntu ngamunye (ukuhlelwa kabusha kwengqondo, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, ukulawulwa kwemizwelo, ukuqinisa ukuzethemba) futhi, uma kufaneleka, ukwelashwa komndeni.
Ukuxhumana nekilasi kuyasiza: indawo yokuhlala efanelekile ku-dynamics, ukuqwashisa kweqembu kanye nezinyathelo zokuqinisa ukuphepha. Futhi sondela kumhlukumezi nge ukungenelela kwengqondo inciphisa amathuba okona futhi ibhekane nezimbangela zokuziphatha kodlame.
Izinsiza kanye nezinkomba zokutadisha okuqhubekayo
Inkundla inezincwadi nemibhalo eminingi. Kuyasiza ukwazi imisebenzi yakudala ye ukufunda komphakathi, ukuhlaziya izinhlobo zobudlova babantu, kanye nemibiko evela ezinhlanganweni zamazwe ngamazwe ngobudlova nobuxhwanguxhwangu ezikoleni. Ezingeni lendawo, izifundo zakamuva ngomthelela wobuchwepheshe entsheni namaphrojekthi athile aqwashisa abantu nedatha ebuyekeziwe iyagqama.
Izikhungo zingathembela ezintweni ezivela ezinhlanganweni eziyisipesheli, kumhlahlandlela we imikhuba emihle ngezinqubo zokuvimbela nokungenelela, nasezinhlelweni ezifakazelwe zokuthuthukisa isimo sesikole ngokusekelwe ekubambeni iqhaza, ukubambisana, kanye nokuzibophezela ngokubambisana phakathi kwabafundi, othisha, nemindeni.
Ukubhekana ngqo nobuxhwanguxhwangu kusho ukucabanga ukuthi kufundiwe, kuqinisiwe futhi angeke kufundwe: uma isikhungo nomndeni begibelela ohlangothini olulodwa, uma umphakathi wezemfundo unezimiso ezicacile futhi uma uzwela, ukubamba iqhaza nenhlonipho kusetshenzwa nsuku zonke, ubuxhwanguxhwangu buyaphela futhi uzuze isiko lokuthula elifanelwe yisikole ngasinye.
