Ithimba labacwaningi eliholwa yiNyuvesi yase-Utah, ese-United States kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-European Southern Observatory (ESO), eseChile, nezinye izinhlangano ezivela eBrazil nase-Argentina, sembule imbobo emnyama enkulu kakhulu umthala omncane kakhulu, okungukuthi, ku-a Umthala omncanyana ohlangene kakhulu.
Kodwa-ke, lezi zimbobo ezimnyama kucatshangwa ukuthi ziphakathi nendawo cishe yazo zonke ezinkulu imithala. Ngalo mqondo, ukutholakala kukhombisa ukuthi eminye imithala emincane emincane kakhulu ingabamba lesi sigaba semigodi emnyama, ivame kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ngaphambili.
Ngokufanayo, imithala emincane kakhulu ehlangene ingenye yezinhlelo eziwugqinsi eCosmos. Izilinganiso eziningi zibonisa ukuthi eziningi zalezi zinhlelo zikhulu kakhulu kunalokho obekufunwa, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokumelwa kwalezi zimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngokwezibalo zabo, imbobo emnyama yenza cishe amaphesenti angu-15 yenani lesisindo salo mthala futhi liyancibilika okungenzeka kube into eyinhloko emthaleni omkhulu.
Ababhali be-eseyi bamemezela ukwanda okukhulu kwedijithi ye izimbobo abamnyama abakhulu abangase bavezwe endaweni yethu yendawo. Ingabe imithala Kungaba “imfucumfucu” yokuhlangana neminye imithala.
super massive black hole
Imbobo emnyama ephezulu kakhulu iyimbobo emnyama enenani elilandelanayo lezigidi noma izigidigidi zoquqaba. izingibe.
Ngokubhekisela kulokhu okungenhla, ucwaningo lwesayensi lugomela ngokuqinile ukuthi i-Milky Way inomgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu enkabeni yezinkanyezi, okucashuniwe. I-Sagittarius KUYA*. Kuyasungulwa ukuthi abaningi, bahlala emgodini omnyama omkhulu ku-eksisi yabo. Eqinisweni, enye yemibono ethuthuke kakhulu ezikhathini zamuva nje ukuthi yonke imithala eyi-elliptical kanye ne-spiral inomgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu emnyombweni wayo, obungakhiqiza amandla adonsela phansi adingekayo ukuze kulondolozwe ubunye.
Inhlawulo engenzeka kumthala omncane kakhulu
Ngokwebhalansi, imbobo emnyama enkulu kakhulu e-axis yomthala omncanyana omkhulu uM60-UCD1 inkulu ngokuphindwe kahlanu kune-Milky Way, enesisindo esingama-Suns ayizigidi ezingu-21, futhi ingamaphesenti angavamile angu-15 yenani eliphelele lentombazane. i-galaxy 140 million soles. "Kuyamangalisa kakhulu, uma kubhekwa ukuthi i-Milky Way inkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-500 futhi ikhokhiswe ngaphezu kwenkulungwane kune-galaxy encane i-M60-UCD1," kusho u-Seth.
Izixhumanisi ezinomthala omncane kakhulu
Kolunye uhlelo lwemibono, phakathi kwezixhumanisi umthala omncane onazo, yilezi:
Amasosha ase-United States of America akhangwe iphrojekthi ye-ARA
Ngokunjalo, uSeth waveza ukuthi kukholakala ukuthi umthala omkhulu onezinkanyezi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-10.000 kuwo, udlule eduze kakhulu ne-axis yomthala omkhulu nakakhulu, kulokhu esikhuluma ngawo uM60, nakuleyo In. ngokuhamba kwalokhu, zonke izinkanyezi kanye nengxenye emnyama engxenyeni engaphandle yomthala kwaphulwa futhi kwaba yingxenye ye-M60. Ngendlela efanayo, usosayensi wathi mhlawumbe lokhu kwenzeka eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyishumi edlule.
USeth uzwakalisa ukuthi umthala omncanyana omkhulu i-M60-UCD1 ungase ugunyazwe, nokho akakwazi ukusho ukuthi, nini, kusukela ukuzungeza komhlaba. umthala omncane eduze kwe-M60 ayivakashelwa. I-M60 ingenye yemithala emikhulu kakhulu kulokho abacwaningi abakubiza ngokuthi "indawo yonke yendawo" futhi, empeleni, imvula isuka komunye umthala, ogama lakhe lingu-NGC4647. I-M60 inamandla cishe izikhathi ezingama-25 kune-NGC4647.
Icala le-M60
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, lokhu kungase kuhlangane nenkaba ye-M60, enembobo emnyama ononya, enezigidi ezingu-4,5 zezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-solar, enkulu ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane kuneLanga. umgodi wembobo umnyama omkhulu womthala wethu. Uma lokho kwenzeka, imbobo emnyama esiyithole ku-M60-UCD1 izoshayisana nalo mgodi omnyama ononya omkhulukazi.
Ucwaningo, lwenziwe nguSeth nabanye abangu-13 izazi zezinkanyezi, ixhaswe yiNational Science Foundation ese-United States of America. Futhi yi-German Foundation for Research futhi yaba nokusebenzisana kwe-Gemini Observatory, equkethe izinhlangano zesayensi ezehlukene ezivela eChile, Canada, Australia, Brazil nase-Argentina.
I-M60-UCD1 ilinganiselwa ku-54 million light-years ukusuka emhlabeni wethu noma cishe amathriliyoni angama-320 wamamayela, kodwa umthala omncane usendaweni engama-light-year angu-22.000 kuphela ukusuka eksisi yomthala i-M60, oseduze noMhlaba. phenduka, uphakathi nendawo Umthamo wezinkanyezi.
Izazi zezinkanyezi ziye zaphikisana ngokuthi ingabe lezi yizinkambo noma izizinda zemithala emikhulu eyakhishwa ngesikhathi kushayisana neminye imithala, noma ukuthi zadalwa yini njengamaqoqo embulunga entshontshiwe, amaqoqo ezinkanyezi ezingaba ngu-100.000 wonke aphephezeliswa ndawonye. Kunezinqwaba ezingaba ngu-200 i-globular kuyi-Milky Way kanye nemithala ehlukahlukene banezinkulungwane.
Iziphetho mayelana nomthala omncane kakhulu
Ithimba lezazi zezinkanyezi liye lembula ukuthi umthala omncane unomgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu, okuwenza ube umthala omncane kunawo wonke owaziwa ngokubamba into enjalo iqine kangaka. Ukutholwa, okubhalwe kujenali 'Nature' kusikisela ukuthi izimbobo ezimnyama ezesabekayo zingase zivame kakhulu kunalokho obekucatshangwa ekuqaleni.
Ngokunjalo, ngokobufakazi besazi sezinkanyezi u-Anil Seth, lena into encane futhi elula kunazo zonke esaziyo ukuthi ibusa umgodi omnyama omkhulu kakhulu. Ngalo mqondo, ochwepheshe basebenzise isibonakude sokukhanya/kwe-infrared esitholakala enyakatho nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi endaweni yentaba-mlilo yaseMauna Kea, eseHawaii (United States of America), futhi bathatha izithombe ngesibonakude se-cosmic Hubble ukuze kwembule ukuthi intombazane okuthiwa umthala. I-M60-UCD1 inomgodi omnyama onesisindo esifana nalokho okungaba amalanga ayizigidi ezingu-21.
Ngokunjalo, ukutholakala kwabo kusikisela ukuthi inqwaba yama-nebula amancane amancane kakhulu abambe izimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu kakhulu, futhi lawo mancane angase abe imfucumfucu yemithala emikhulu eyaqhekezwa phakathi nokushayisana neminye imithala.
Kodwa-ke, ayikho enye indlela eyaziwayo lapho umgodi omkhulu omnyama ungadalwa entweni encane kangaka. Futhi, kunemithala eminingi esifanayo ezingabamba inani elikhulu lezimbobo ezimnyama ezinkulu njengalezo ezitholakala ezimbazweni ze imithala ejwayelekile.
Ngokufanayo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izimbobo ezimnyama ziyizinkanyezi eziwayo ezinamandla adonsela phansi kangangokuthi ngisho nokukhanya kuyathandeka kuzo, noma kunjalo, izinto ezizungezile ngezinye izikhathi zingafaka amajethi e-X-ray nezinye izethulo zokukhanya. Kuyaqondakala ukuthi izimbobo Abansundu abakhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi labo abanezinkanyezi noma ezibonisa inqwaba yezinkanyezi okungenani eziyisigidi njengeLanga, batholakala emkhathini wemithala eminingi.
Ekugcineni, imbobo emnyama enkulu kakhulu ayikho emthaleni omncane nje kuphela, kukhona futhi owodwa phakathi nendawo yethu. Umthamo wezinkanyezi, inobunzima belanga eliyizigidi ezine, kodwa njengoba inamandla, inesisindo esingaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-0,01 wesisindo esiphelele se-nebula, okulinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amahlanu.
